|
Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1401–1403)
The Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1401–1403) () was a military conflict between Ava Kingdom, Ava and Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Hanthawaddy Pegu that lasted from 1401 to 1403. It was the second of the Forty Years' War, decades-long wars between the two kingdoms, both located in present-day Myanmar. The upstart regime of King Minkhaung I of Ava survived two dry season invasions by King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy. The casus belli was Razadarit's decision to exploit Ava's prolonged succession crisis that began in 1400. When the new king Minkhaung struggled to consolidate power, Razadarit invaded with a large naval armada via the Irrawaddy river in 1401, aiming to achieve a quick submission by Minkhaung. Caught completely off guard, Ava defenses could only hunker down inside their forts along the river. The Hanthawaddy navy went on to dominate the entire river up to Tagaung but did not have enough manpower to take any of the forts. As Minkhaung refused to submit or counterattack, Razadarit roame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forty Years' War
The Forty Years' War (; 1385 – 1423; also Ava–Pegu War or the Mon–Burmese War) was a military war fought between the Burmese-speaking Kingdom of Ava and the Mon-speaking Kingdom of Hanthawaddy. The war was fought during two separate periods: 1385 to 1391, and 1401 to 1424, interrupted by two truces of 1391–1401 and 1403–1408. It was fought primarily in today's Lower Burma and also in Upper Burma, Shan State, and Rakhine State. It ended in a stalemate, preserving the independence of Hanthawaddy, and effectively ending Ava's efforts to rebuild the erstwhile Pagan Kingdom. First half The war's origins can be traced to Hanthawaddy Pegu's political turmoil, which intensified after King Razadarit's rise to power in 1384 through a rebellion against his ailing father. Governor Smin Sam Lek of Donwun and Viceroys Laukpya of Myaungmya and Byattaba of Martaban refused to recognize the new king. Laukpya would invite King Swa Saw Ke of the Ava Kingdom to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yazathingyan (15th-century Minister)
Yazathingyan (, ; –) was chief minister of Ava Kingdom, Ava (now Upper Myanmar) from 1426 to 1468. He served over 67 years as a senior Royal Burmese armed forces, royal army officer and court minister under seven List of Burmese monarchs, kings of Ava from Minkhaung I to Narapati I of Ava, Narapati I. He also held several governorships, most prominently at Sagaing (1413–1450). His career in the royal service began soon after Minkhaung I's accession in 1400. Starting out as a cavalry battalion officer in the royal army, he fought against the southern Hanthawaddy Kingdom in the Forty Years' War, decades-long war, and rose to become part of the Ava high command as well as a senior minister at the Ava court by the mid-1410s. After the assassinations of kings Thihathu of Ava, Thihathu and Min Hla of Ava, Min Hla in 1425, he and his elder brother Baya Gamani of Singu, Baya Gamani supported the usurper Prince Kale Kye-Taung Nyo, Min Nyo of Kale. Near the end of the ensuing civil wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smin Than-Kye
Smin Than-Kye (; , ) was a Hanthawaddy military commander who fought in several campaigns of the Forty Years' War against Ava forces at least between 1389 and 1413. He is best remembered for his successful defense of Gu-Htut against much larger forces led by King Swa Saw Ke Mingyi Swa Saw Ke (, ; also spelled Minkyiswasawke or Swasawke; 1330–1400) was king of Ava from 1367 to 1400. He reestablished central authority in Upper Myanmar (Burma) for the first time since the fall of the Pagan Empire in the 1280s. He ... of Ava in 1390–1391. Military service The following is a list of military campaigns in which Than-Kye is explicitly mentioned in the royal chronicles as a commander. Notes References Bibliography * * * * * {{refend Hanthawaddy dynasty 14th-century births Burmese generals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smin Awa Naing
Smin Awa Naing Min Thiri (, ; also spelled Thamein Inwa Naing (သမိန် အင်းဝနိုင်, lit. "Lord of Victory over Ava"); also known as Awa Mingyi (အဝ မင်းကြီး, lit. "Great Lord of Ava")) was an early 15th-century senior Hanthawaddy court official and military commander. A trusted adviser of King Razadarit, Awa Naing is best remembered in Burmese history for the 1415 battle of Dala–Twante in which his undermanned regiment mortally wounded Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa of Ava. He was the father of Queen Mi Ta-Lat, a principal consort of King Binnya Dhammaraza. Background The royal chronicles say nothing explicitly about his background. However, since King Minkhaung I of Ava addressed him as the "royal elder brother, royal in-law",(Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 53), (Yazawin Thit Vol. 2 2012: 263) and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 48): King Minkhaung I addressed Awa Naing as (နောင်တော်၊ ခမက်တော်; ''naungdaw, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saw Maha-Rit
Saw Maha-Rit (, ; d. 1402) was a Hanthawaddy royal and a military commander. A son-in-law of King Razadarit, Maha-Rit led the first siege of Prome (Pyay) during the Second Ava–Hanthawaddy War. He was executed for leaving behind his wife Princess Tala Mi Kyaw at the battle scene. Background According to the ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' chronicle, Maha-Rit was the elder son of Princess Tala Hnin Thiri. Through his mother, he was a great-grandson of King Saw Zein (r. 1323–1330) and a grandson of Binnya Thein, a former Lan Na court minister who later served as a senior minister under successive Hanthawaddy kings from Saw Zein to Binnya U.Pan Hla 2005: 204 Furthermore, his mother was a first cousin of King Razadarit (r. 1384–1421).Pan Hla 2005: 203–204 His personal name was Bauk Kan Baru (ဗောက်ကန်ဗရူး), and he had one younger brother Baw Chi (ဘောချီ), who later became governor of Lagunbyi with the titles of Byattaba and Einkama. Baru's ties ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smin Bayan
Smin Bayan (; or သမိန် ပရမ်း,The modern spelling သမိန် ဗရမ်း per (MSK 1973: 33–37) and (Ne Soe Htet 2011: 211–215). သမိန် ပရမ်း is the spelling used in the main chronicles; see (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 35) (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 249), (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 24). ; also spelled Smin Baram, Thamein Bayan, Thamein Payan) was an early 15th century commander who fought on both sides of the Forty Years' War between Hanthawaddy Pegu and Ava. He is best known in Burmese history for successfully driving back a Chinese invasion in 1414–1415 on behalf of his former enemy Ava. A son-in-law of King Razadarit of Pegu, Bayan defected to Ava soon after being captured in battle in 1414. For his success against the Chinese, he was made governor of Legaing by King Minkhaung I of Ava. In 1423, less than two years after the deaths of Minkhaung and Razadarit, the commander returned to his native land. He led the Hanthawaddy arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smin Upakaung The Elder
Smin Upakaung the Elder (, ; 1380s–1401) was a Hanthawaddy commander who fought in the Second Ava–Hanthawaddy War. A son-in-law of King Razadarit, the commander died in action in the battle of Myede at the beginning of the war in 1401. He was the elder brother of Smin Bayan and the first husband of Princess Tala Mi Saw. Brief ''Smin Upakaung was a Mon language title worn by successive commanders in the service of the monarchs of Hanthawaddy Pegu. This article is about the first of three Smin Upakaungs mentioned in the royal chronicles.'' Chronicles provide little information about his background except that he was married to Princess Tala Mi Saw by 1401.Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 213 His personal name is not known. By the start of the Second Ava–Hanthawaddy War, he was known by his title of Smin Upakaung and served as a minister (အမတ်, ''amat'') at the court of his father-in-law King Razadarit.Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 312Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 447 His wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maha Thamun
Maha Thamun (, ) was a senior minister of the royal court of Hanthawaddy from the 1380s to the 1430s. He also served in the Hanthawaddy armed forces for over 30 years during his kingdom's decades-long war against Ava. He twice led the Hanthawaddy delegation in peace negotiations with Ava in 1391 and in 1430–1431, and secured favorable treaties for his kingdom on both occasions. Brief Although he is best known as a longtime senior minister, the first mention of Maha Thamun in the royal chronicles is as a commander of a sentinel battalion of the Hanthawaddy army in the first campaign (1385–1386) of the Forty Years' War.Pan Hla 2005: 166 Peace negotiations of 1391 Maha Thamun made his name in the 1390–1391 campaign. His naval flotilla was instrumental in repulsing the numerically superior Ava invasion fleet, outside the port of Gu-Htut on the Irrawaddy river, in the opening battle of the campaign. His war boats managed to swarm King Swa Saw Ke's royal war boat, and got ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeik-Bye
Smin E Bya-Ye Zeik-Bye (; , ; also spelled Zeip Bye) was chief minister of Hanthawaddy in the 1380s in the service of kings Binnya U and Razadarit. He was a key figure responsible for Razadarit's ascent to power. Though he lost the chief ministership to Byat Za and Dein Mani-Yut in 1388, Zeik-Bye continued to serve as a senior minister at least until 1408. Background The ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' chronicle includes two men who wore the title Smin Zeik-Bye in the service of King Binnya U (r. 1348–1384).Pan Hla 2005: 378 The subject of this article is the man who became chief minister in the second half of the king's reign,Pan Hla 2005: 82 not Gov. Smin Zeik-Bye of Dala–Twante, who died 1371.Pan Hla 2005: 60 The chronicle does not provide any direct information about the minister's background. It can be inferred from the language used in the chronicle that the minister was of the same generation as King Binnya U (b. 1323), and was likely related to the royal family.The chr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dein Mani-Yut
Dein Mani-Yut (;Pan Hla 2005: 370 , ), commonly known as Amat Dein (အမတ်ဒိန်, "Minister Dein") or as Amat Tein (အမတ်တိန်, "Minister Tein"), was co-chief minister of Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Hanthawaddy during the reign of King Razadarit (1384–1421). He was also a senior general, and held key governorship posts at Thanlyin, Syriam (1370s–1408), Pathein, Bassein (1408–1415) and Sittaung, Mon, Sittaung (1415–1420s). Along with his colleague Byat Za, Dein was instrumental in Razadarit's reunification campaigns of the Mon language, Mon-speaking kingdom in the late 1380s, as well as the Forty Years' War against the Burmese language, Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom. Early career According to the chronicle ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'', he was a senior minister of the court of King Binnya U at the king's death in 1384.Pan Hla 2005: 161Aung-Thwin 2017: 251 He was then known as Tein Nge () or Amat Dein/Tein ().Various chronicles use similar names to refer to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byat Za
SminSmin is a transliteration of the Mon language title သ္ငီ. The title is also transliterated into English as Smim. Byat Za (, ; also spelled in Burmese, သမိန်ဖြတ်စ,The name reported in the standard Burmese chronicles: See (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 300) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 430). ; d. 1413) was co-chief minister of Hanthawaddy and the commander-in-chief of the Hanthawaddy armed forces from 1388 to 1413 during the reign of King Razadarit. He also held key governorship posts at Myaungmya (1390–1413) and Donwun (1388–1390). Along with his colleague Dein Mani-Yut and his key officer Lagun Ein, Byat Za was instrumental in Razadarit's reunification campaigns of the Mon-speaking kingdom in the late 1380s, as well as the Forty Years' War against the Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom until his death. Early career The first mention of him in the chronicle ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' is as one of the court officials who pledged allegiance to the new king Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thray Sithu Of Myinsaing
Thray Sithu of Myinsaing (, ; – 1426) was a Burmese royal who served as a senior minister at the court of Ava from 1400 to 1426. A grandson of two kings, the prince was governor of Myinsaing, the ancestral home of the Pinya–Sagaing–Ava dynasties, from to 1426. He was also Ava's wartime Viceroy of Arakan for a few months in 1408–1409. His role was most prominent during the reign of his half-uncle King Minkhaung I (r. 1400–1421). The prince twice led the peace negotiations with the southern Hanthawaddy Kingdom in 1403 and 1408 during the Forty Years' War. During the Ava succession crisis of 1425–1426, he supported his cousin King Min Nyo (r. 1425–1426), and commanded a depleted royal army against the forces of Governor Thado of Mohnyin. He suffered two consecutive defeats in battle in 1426, and is not mentioned again in the chronicles. Early life Probably born in the early 1370s,Inferred from chronicle reporting. Since the future king Swa (born in July 1330 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
