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Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1385–1391)
The Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1385–1391) () was a military conflict between Ava and Hanthawaddy Pegu, both kingdoms located in present-day Myanmar, that lasted from 1385 to 1391. It was the first of the four decades-long wars between the two kingdoms. Hanthawaddy's victory over a far larger Ava in this war preserved the nascent kingdom's independence. The war's immediate origins trace to Hanthawaddy's deep political turmoil following King Razadarit's contentious rise to power in 1384. The 16-year-old king, who had seized the throne after having raised a rebellion against his ailing father King Binnya U, faced several rebellions by his father's vassals. The crisis escalated in 1385 when Viceroy Laukpya of the Province of Myaungmya persuaded King Swa Saw Ke of Ava to put him on the Hanthawaddy throne. Swa underestimated Razadarit, and sent down two small armies led by his two young sons, Crown Prince Tarabya and Prince Min Swe. When his bickering sons came back empty-handed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forty Years' War
The Forty Years' War (; 1385 – 1423; also Ava–Pegu War or the Mon–Burmese War) was a military war fought between the Burmese-speaking Kingdom of Ava and the Mon-speaking Kingdom of Hanthawaddy. The war was fought during two separate periods: 1385 to 1391, and 1401 to 1424, interrupted by two truces of 1391–1401 and 1403–1408. It was fought primarily in today's Lower Burma and also in Upper Burma, Shan State, and Rakhine State. It ended in a stalemate, preserving the independence of Hanthawaddy, and effectively ending Ava's efforts to rebuild the erstwhile Pagan Kingdom. First half The war's origins can be traced to Hanthawaddy Pegu's political turmoil, which intensified after King Razadarit's rise to power in 1384 through a rebellion against his ailing father. Governor Smin Sam Lek of Donwun and Viceroys Laukpya of Myaungmya and Byattaba of Martaban refused to recognize the new king. Laukpya would invite King Swa Saw Ke of the Ava Kingdom to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byat Za
SminSmin is a transliteration of the Mon language title သ္ငီ. The title is also transliterated into English as Smim. Byat Za (, ; also spelled in Burmese, သမိန်ဖြတ်စ,The name reported in the standard Burmese chronicles: See (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 300) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 430). ; d. 1413) was co-chief minister of Hanthawaddy and the commander-in-chief of the Hanthawaddy armed forces from 1388 to 1413 during the reign of King Razadarit. He also held key governorship posts at Myaungmya (1390–1413) and Donwun (1388–1390). Along with his colleague Dein Mani-Yut and his key officer Lagun Ein, Byat Za was instrumental in Razadarit's reunification campaigns of the Mon-speaking kingdom in the late 1380s, as well as the Forty Years' War against the Burmese-speaking Ava Kingdom until his death. Early career The first mention of him in the chronicle ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' is as one of the court officials who pledged allegiance to the new king Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tharrawaddy, Myanmar
Tharrawaddy (, also spelt Thayarwaddy) is a city in western Bago Region of lower Myanmar. It is the administrative seat of Tharrawaddy District and Tharrawaddy Township. It locates on the main Yangon-Pyay road and 76 miles away at the north of Yangon. The town is divided into 8 urban wards. History The current town was built when the region was under British rule, in the first British temporary seat at Thonze. However, Thonze is populated for district offices. Therefore, the town was moved two miles north of Thonze and the new district capital was built in 1878. During the Galon Rebellion, the self-proclaimed king Saya San moved to Tharrawaddy after a coronation in Yangon in December 1930. He proclaimed a new royal city by the name of Buddharaja Myo () on Alaungtang Hill in the city, ceremoniall plotting it out with space for the proper retinue of five queens, four ministers, and four regiments. Tharrawaddy, like most of Lower Burma, suffered severe economic dislocation durin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mon State
Mon State (, ; ) is an administrative division of Myanmar. It lies between Kayin State to the east, the Andaman Sea to the west, Bago Region to the north and Tanintharyi Region to the south, also having a short border with Thailand's Kanchanaburi Province at its south-eastern tip. The land area is . The Dawna Range, running along the eastern side of the state in a NNW–SSE direction, forms a natural border with Kayin State. Mon State includes some small islands, such as Kalegauk, Wa Kyun and Kyungyi Island, along its of coastline. The state's capital is Mawlamyaing, Mawlamyine. History Mon tradition holds that the Suwannaphum, Suwarnabhumi mentioned in the Edicts of Ashoka and the Dipavamsa, ''Dîpavamsa'' was their first kingdom (pronounced Suvanna Bhoum), founded around the port of Thaton in about 300 BC, however, this is disputed by scholars. Oral tradition suggests that they had contact with Buddhism via seafaring as early as the 3rd century BCE, though definitely by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mong Mao
Mong may refer to: People *A proposed original name for the Hmong people, based on the main group, the Mong community *Bob Mong (), American journalist and academic administrator *Henry Mong (), American surgeon and Presbyterian missionary *Mong Monichariya (), Cambodian judge *Mong Thongdee (born ), Thai origami artist *William Mong (1927–2010), Hong Kong businessman *William V. Mong (1875–1940), American film actor, screenwriter and director *MC Mong, stage name of South Korean hip hop artist Shin Dong-hyun (born 1979) Places *Mong, Punjab, a town and Union Council in Pakistan *Mong, Azad Kashmir, a town in Kashmir, Pakistan *Mong Circle, a hereditary chiefdom in Bangladesh Other uses * Mong or Hmong language * Mong, the ISO 15924 code for Mongolian script {{disambiguation, geo, surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twante Township
Twante Township also Twantay Township (, ) is a township in the Yangon Region of Burma (Myanmar). It is located west across the Hlaing River from the city of Yangon. The principal town and administrative seat is Twante. The township is home to the Shwesandaw Pagoda (known as "Golden Hair Relic Pagoda" in English) and it is believed to contain strands of hair from the head of Gautama, and its annual pagoda festival is held on Burmese New Year. Built by the British in 1881, the Twante Canal The longest man made canal in Myanmar is Twante canal is the longest man-made canal in Myanmar, providing a shortcut waterway between Irawaddy River and Yangon river. This divides Twante Township across its which divides Twante Township with its length of 35 km and there is one bridge that spans the canal is called Twante bridge. Baungdawgyoke Monastery in Twante Township is famous as there are pagodas including the replica of Mahabodhi Temple. History During the British rule in Bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dagon Township
Dagon Township ( ) is located immediately north of downtown Yangon. The township comprises five wards, and shares borders with Bahan Township in the north, Ahlon Township in the west, Mingala Taungnyunt Township in the east, and Lanmadaw Township, Latha Township and Pabedan Township in the south. Dagon is home to some of the most prominent places of the city, including the great Shwedagon Pagoda, the Maha Wizaya Pagoda, the National Museum, the National Theatre and the Yangon Region Hluttaw (Parliament). This prosperous neighborhood has many hotels, embassies and diplomatic residences. The township's Dagon 1 High School and Dagon 2 High School are considered among the top public high schools in the country. On 6 February 2011, the Taw Win Centre, a major shopping and residential complex, was opened in the township. Construction on the 25-story complex began in 2004, but was stopped during the country's banking crisis, before resuming in March 2008. The country's first 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binnya U
Binnya U (, , ; also known as Hsinbyushin; 1323–1384) was king of Martaban–Hanthawaddy from 1348 to 1384. His reign was marked by several internal rebellions and external conflicts. He survived the initial rebellions and an invasion by Lan Na by 1353. But from 1364 onwards, his effective rule covered only the Pegu province, albeit the most strategic and powerful of the kingdom's three provinces. Constantly plagued by poor health, U increasingly relied on his sister Maha Dewi to govern. He formally handed her all his powers in 1383 while facing an open rebellion by his eldest son Binnya Nwe, who succeeded him as King Razadarit. King Binnya U is best remembered in Burmese history as the father of King Razadarit. One enduring legacy of his reign was Pegu's (Bago's) emergence as the new power center in Lower Burma. The city would remain the capital of the Mon-speaking kingdom until the mid-16th century. Early life Born late 1323,The ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' chronicle (Pan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myanmar
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon). Early civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy River, Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language and Culture of Myanmar, culture and Buddhism in Myanmar, Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lagun Ein
Maha Saw Lagun Ein (, ; also spelled Lagunein; d. March 1413) was a key frontline commander of the Hanthawaddy military from the 1380s to 1413. The commander led the military's vanguard land and naval forces as well as notable assassination missions against the enemies of his lord King Razadarit. He is best remembered in Burmese history for his battles against the northern Ava Kingdom in the Forty Years' War as well as his bravery and honesty. Lagun Ein was mortally wounded and captured by the Ava navy in the first battle after he was promoted to the rank of general. He had gained the deep respect of the Ava high command, which sent his body on a raft down the Irrawaddy with full military honors. Military career Coming to prominence Chronicles provide no information about his early life except that his personal name was Ma Than-Lon (မသံလုံ, ).(Pan Hla 2005: 258, footnote 1): His personal name is sometimes reported as Ma Thon-Lon (မသုံလုံ, ). Both ver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smin Ye-Thin-Yan
Smin Ye-Thin-Yan (;Pan Hla 2005: 395 , ; also transliterated as Re Thinran;Fernquest 2006: 9 –1414) was a Hanthawaddy court minister and military commander during the reigns of kings Binnya U and Razadarit of Hanthawaddy. The minister-general held several key defensive commands during the Forty Years' War against the northern kingdom of Ava until he fell in action in 1414. King Razadarit called Ye-Thin-Yan the best defensive commander to have ever served in his service. Early life and career Little is known about Ye-Thin-Yan's early life except that he was a childhood friend and comrade of Viceroy Sam Lek of Donwun,Pan Hla 2005: 172 who was appointed to the post in 1371.Pan Hla 2005: 61Shorto 2002: 578 The first mention of Ye-Thin-Yan in the ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'' chronicle is in 1383 when he was already one of the four senior ministers (alongside Smin Maru, Smin Zeik-Bye and Smin Yawgarat) at the court of King Binnya U in Pegu (Bago).Pan Hla 2005: 125 He initially belo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maha Thamun
Maha Thamun (, ) was a senior minister of the royal court of Hanthawaddy from the 1380s to the 1430s. He also served in the Hanthawaddy armed forces for over 30 years during his kingdom's decades-long war against Ava. He twice led the Hanthawaddy delegation in peace negotiations with Ava in 1391 and in 1430–1431, and secured favorable treaties for his kingdom on both occasions. Brief Although he is best known as a longtime senior minister, the first mention of Maha Thamun in the royal chronicles is as a commander of a sentinel battalion of the Hanthawaddy army in the first campaign (1385–1386) of the Forty Years' War.Pan Hla 2005: 166 Peace negotiations of 1391 Maha Thamun made his name in the 1390–1391 campaign. His naval flotilla was instrumental in repulsing the numerically superior Ava invasion fleet, outside the port of Gu-Htut on the Irrawaddy river, in the opening battle of the campaign. His war boats managed to swarm King Swa Saw Ke's royal war boat, and got ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
