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Automobile Club Féminin De France
The Automobile Club féminin de France (ACFF) was a French women-only automobile club founded in 1926. History The Automobile Club féminin de France was founded in 1926 by Anne de Rochechouart de Mortemart, the sporting Duchess of Uzès and the first woman in France to earn a driving licence, in 1898. The ACFF was set up to be the female equivalent of the Automobile Club de France (ACF) as the ACF did not allow women to join their organisation. At the same time, the Duchess of Uzès created the official publication for the club, the ''Revue de l'Automobile Club féminin'', which was published for 14 years. The ACFF's membership were very well off, as motoring in the 1920s was an expensive undertaking which only the richest people could afford. At the end of 1908, it is estimated that there were around 40,000 cars in France. A number of the women on the ACFF committee had husbands who were involved in running the ACF. Committee members included women from the Rothschild family, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne De Rochechouart De Mortemart
Anne de Rochechouart (''Marie Adrienne Anne Victurnienne Clémentine''; 10 February 1847 – 3 February 1933), was a wealthy French aristocrat. She inherited a large fortune from her great-grandmother, the founder of the Veuve Clicquot Champagne house. She was known for her involvement in feminist causes and charities, politics, sport hunting, automobiles, and the arts, and was also an author and sculptor, the latter using the name Manuela. Early life Marie Adrienne Anne Victurnienne Clémentine de Rochechouart was born on 10 February 1847 in Paris. She was the daughter of Louis de Rochechouart, Count of Mortemart, and Marie Clémentine de Chevigné (died 24 October 1877). The Neo-Renaissance style Château de Boursault, designed by the architect Arveuf, was built by Madame Clicquot Ponsardin, founder of the Veuve Clicquot Champagne house, in honor of the marriage of her granddaughter Marie Clémentine to Louis de Mortemart-Rochechouart in 1839. Anne inherited the chateau on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marguerite Mareuse
Marguerite Mareuse (18 April 1889 – 17 September 1964) was a French racing driver. Born in the Bordeaux region in 1889, the wealthy Mareuse entered her own cars as a privateer (motorsport), privateer, often driving herself. On 21 June 1930, Mareuse and her co-driver Odette Siko became the first women to compete in the 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race, competing in Mareuse's Bugatti Type 40. They finished seventh overall, and the team returned together in 1931, but were disqualified due to a refueling violation. On 17 April 1932, she drove in the 1932 Tunis Grand Prix, fourth Tunis Grand Prix, finishing in fourteenth place overall and sixth in her class. Her car was the last classified finisher; seven drivers retired from the race before the finish and three others failed to start the race. Mareuse was a member of the Automobile Club féminin de France. References 1889 births 1964 deaths French female racing drivers French racing drivers 24 Hours of Le Mans drivers { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motor Clubs
An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power generation), heat energy (e.g. geothermal), chemical energy, electric potential and nuclear energy (from nuclear fission or nuclear fusion). Many of these processes generate heat as an intermediate energy form; thus heat engines have special importance. Some natural processes, such as atmospheric convection cells convert environmental heat into motion (e.g. in the form of rising air currents). Mechanical energy is of particular importance in transportation, but also plays a role in many industrial processes such as cutting, grinding, crushing, and mixing. Mechanical heat engines convert heat into work via various thermodynamic processes. The internal combustion engine is perhaps the most common example of a mechanical heat engine in which heat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organizations Established In 1926
An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is an entity—such as a company, or corporation or an institution (formal organization), or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose. Organizations may also operate secretly or illegally in the case of secret societies, criminal organizations, and resistance movements. And in some cases may have obstacles from other organizations (e.g.: MLK's organization). What makes an organization recognized by the government is either filling out incorporation or recognition in the form of either societal pressure (e.g.: Advocacy group), causing concerns (e.g.: Resistance movement) or being considered the spokesperson of a group of people subject to negotiation (e.g.: the Polisario Front being recognized as the sole representative of the Sahrawi people and forming a partially recognized state.) Compare the concept of social groups, which may include non-organiza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women's Organizations Based In France
A woman is an adult female human. Before adulthood, a female child or adolescent is referred to as a girl. Typically, women are of the female sex and inherit a pair of X chromosomes, one from each parent, and women with functional uteruses are capable of pregnancy and giving birth from puberty until menopause. More generally, sex differentiation of the female fetus is governed by the lack of a present, or functioning, '' SRY'' gene on either one of the respective sex chromosomes. Female anatomy is distinguished from male anatomy by the female reproductive system, which includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva. An adult woman generally has a wider pelvis, broader hips, and larger breasts than an adult man. These characteristics facilitate childbirth and breastfeeding. Women typically have less facial and other body hair, have a higher body fat composition, and are on average shorter and less muscular than men. Throughout human history, traditional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aéroclub Féminin La Stella
The Aéroclub Féminin la Stella was a French women's aeronautical organisation. It was founded on 10 February 1909 in Paris by Marie Surcouf, a French aeronaut and campaigner for women's rights. Known as La Stella, the organisation's membership included many of the women balloonists who had previously been members of the Comité des Dames of l' Aéronautique-Club de France (ACDF). La Stella was founded as a result of a long struggle by French women to be recognised as competent professionals and accomplished sportswomen in the field of flying, initially in balloons. The club offered restricted access to men, who could be members, but not decision-makers. They were allowed to accompany their wives on flights, but only as passengers. Background French women were involved in balloon flights from very early in the development of the sport. The Marchioness and Countess of Montalembert, the Countess of Podenas and Miss de Lagarde ascended in a tethered balloon in Paris on 20 May 17 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hélène Van Zuylen
Baroness Hélène van Zuylen van Nijevelt van de Haar or Hélène de Zuylen de Nyevelt de Haar, née de Rothschild (21 August 1863 – 17 October 1947) was a French author and a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family. She collaborated on stories and poems with her lesbian partner Renée Vivien, sometimes under the pen name ''Paule Riversdale''. An only child, the daughter of Salomon James de Rothschild, she was disinherited by her mother for marrying a Catholic, Baron Etienne van Zuylen of the old Dutch noble family Van Zuylen van Nievelt. Hélène was one of a trio of French female motoring pioneers of the ''Belle Epoque''. She entered the 1898 Paris–Amsterdam–Paris Trail, thus becoming the first woman to compete in an international motor race. Personal life Hélène Betty Louise Caroline de Rothschild was the daughter of Baron Salomon James de Rothschild and (née Adele Hannah Charlotte de Rothschild) (the daughter of Salomon's German cousin Mayer Carl von ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Béatrice Reinach
Louise Béatrice Reinach (9 July 1894–1945) was a French socialite and a Holocaust victim. Biography Born into the wealthy Camondo family in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, she was the daughter of Count Moïse de Camondo and Irène Cahen d'Anvers, both of whom were from prominent Jewish banking families. One of two children, her older brother Nissim served as a fighter pilot during World War I and was killed in action in 1917. In 1918, Béatrice de Camondo married composer Léon Reinach (1893–1943), the son of Théodore Reinach. They had two children: # Fanny (born 26 July 1920 in Paris, murdered in 1943 at Auschwitz) # Bertrand (born 1 July 1923 in Paris, murdered in 1943 at Auschwitz) On her father's death in 1935, Béatrice inherited a large fortune. Her father bequeathed his Parisian home, including its contents and a major collection of art, to the Musée des Arts Décoratifs to be used to create the Musée Nissim de Camondo in his son's honor. She was a member o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Citroën
André-Gustave Citroën (; 5 February 1878 – 3 July 1935) was a French industrialist and the founder of French automaker Citroën. He is also remembered for his application of double helical gears. Life and career Born in Paris in 1878, André-Gustave Citroen was the fifth and last child of Jewish parents, diamond merchant Levie Citroen and Masza Amelia Kleinman. He was a cousin of the British philosopher Sir A. J. Ayer (the only son of his aunt Reine). The Citroen family descended from a grandfather in the Netherlands who had been a greengrocer and seller of tropical fruit, and had taken the surname of , Dutch for "lime man"; his son however changed it to (), which in Dutch means "lemon". In 1873 the family moved to Paris; upon arrival, the French was added to the surname (reputedly by one of André's teachers), changing to . His father died by suicide when André was six years old (presumably after failure in a business venture in a diamond mine in South Africa). It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automobile Club De France
The Automobile Club of France () (ACF) is a men's club founded on 12 November 1895 by Albert de Dion, , and its first president, the Dutch-born Baron Étienne van Zuylen van Nyevelt. The Automobile Club of France, also known in French as "ACF" or "l'Auto", was initially located near the Paris Opera and benefited from a villa in the Bois de Boulogne. In 1898, the club moved to the exceptional site of the former "Place Louis XV" (currently Place de la Concorde) in order to offer its members more comfort in a prestigious setting. The club still occupies more than 10,000 square meters in the Hotels du Plessis-Bellière and Moreau, both located between the Hôtel de Crillon and the , where France signed a treaty by which it became the first nation to recognize the independence of the United States. The members of the Automobile Club of France enjoy several lounges, a swimming pool, a gym, a library containing more than 50,000 references, a movie theatre, bars, and dining rooms. Nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Élaine Greffulhe
Countess Élaine Marie Joseph Charlotte de Greffulhe (19 March 1882 – 11 February 1958), who became the Duchess of Gramont by marriage, was a French aristocrat. She was a descendant of Hortense Mancini through her granddaughter's Pauline Félicité de Mailly son Charles de Vintimille, duc de Luc. Early life Élaine was born on 19 March 1882 in Paris. She was the daughter, and heiress, of Henry Greffulhe, Count Henry Greffulhe and his wife, Élisabeth, Countess Greffulhe, Élisabeth de Riquet de Caraman-Chimay (said to be a model for the Duchess of Guermantes in Marcel Proust’s novel, ''In Search of Lost Time, À la recherche du temps perdu''). Personal life In 1904, she married Armand de Gramont, who later became the 12th Duke of Gramont. His parents were Agénor de Gramont, 11th Duke of Gramont and the former Marguerite de Rothschild. A rare film clip may show Proust (in bowler hat and gray coat) at her wedding in 1904. Proust’s wedding gift to the groom was apparently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rambouillet
Rambouillet (, , ) is a Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Yvelines Departments of France, department in the Île-de-France Regions of France, region of France. It is located beyond the outskirts of Paris, southwest of its Kilometre zero, centre. In 2018, the Communes of France, commune had a population of 26,933. Rambouillet lies on the edge of the vast Forest of Rambouillet (''Forêt de Rambouillet'' or ''Forêt de l'Yveline''); it is famous for its historical castle, the Château de Rambouillet, which hosted several international summits. Due to its proximity to Paris and Versailles, Yvelines, Versailles, Rambouillet has long been an occasional seat of government. Population Transport Rambouillet is served by the SNCF Rambouillet station, Rambouillet railway station on the Transilien Line N suburban rail line, and on the regional line to Chartres and Le Mans. Features *The Château de Rambouillet, a former medieval fortress, was acquired by Louis XVI of Fran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
