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August Cönders
August Coenders (1890 — 1974) was a German engineer working for Stahlwerke Becker AG during World War I, where he built a 20 mm antiaircraft gun. In the 1930s, he worked for several years in the UK, and in Putaux, France as well as at Oerlikon, Switzerland. In 1936 Hermann Röchling brought him to Wetzlar, Germany, where he worked at Röchling'sche Eisen und Stahlwerke GmbH during World War II . Cönders designed the Röchling shell that was tested in 1942 and 1943 against the Belgian Fort d'Aubin-Neufchâteau and the V-3 cannon. Very little is known of his life after the V-3 project. He was involved in the development of several firearm designs: submachine gun A submachine gun (SMG) is a magazine (firearms), magazine-fed automatic firearm, automatic carbine designed to fire handgun cartridges. The term "submachine gun" was coined by John T. Thompson, the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun, to descri ..., machine gun, Röchling ''Volksgewehr'' and ''Volkssturmkarab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Becker Type M2 20 Mm Cannon
The Becker Type M2 20 mm cannon was a German autocannon developed for aircraft use during World War I by . It was first mass-produced in 1916 and was installed in a variety of aircraft. It was the only German autocannon to see service in the air during the war. The Becker also served as the pattern for the famous Swiss-built Oerlikon 20 mm cannon, which is in service to this day, and in a later form, was the original inspiration, through the Swiss design after World War I, for the World War II German Luftwaffe's MG FF (''Maschinengewehr Flügel Fest'', "fixed wing-mount automatic ordnance") 20 mm autocannon design. History Design and development The original design was based on the 19 mm Becker cannon cartridge by the Coenders brothers at Stahlwerke Becker of Reinickendorf, Germany. Development commenced in 1913 and was therefore already advanced when the War Ministry issued a specification in June 1915 calling for an aircraft cannon of under 37 mm caliber a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oerlikon-Bührle
''Oerlikon-Bührle'' (full name ''Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon, Bührle & Co.'', initially ''Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon'') was a Switzerland, Swiss arms industry, armaments company based in Oerlikon (Zürich) from 1906 to 1999.Jürg Fink: ''Switzerland as seen by the Third Reich, 1933-1945.'' 1985, page 145. After restructurings and the sale of various core divisions, in particular the armaments division Oerlikon Contraves Defence to the German Rheinmetall, Rheinmetall DeTec, the holding company was merged into the present OC Oerlikon in January 2000. Short review from the book by Daniel Heller History file:Marines aboard USS Enterprise (CV-6) manning 20 mm AA-gun.jpg, 20-mm-Oerlikon anti-aircraft gun in use by the United States Navy, US Navy on USS Enterprise (CV-6) (May 1943) Founded in 1906, the ''Schweizerische Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon'' (SWO), a spin-off of the Maschinenfabrik Oerlikon, had been taken over by the ''Magdeburger Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik'' i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Röchling
Hermann Röchling (12 November 1872 – 24 August 1955) was a German steel manufacturer in the Saar (Germany) and Lorraine (France) in the 20th century. He was a paternalistic and well-liked employer, concerned about his workers' health and welfare. After World War I (1914–18) he was accused of the war crime of destroying French factories. Although he was acquitted, his French property was not returned, and he became deeply hostile to France. He was a Pan-German nationalist and strongly antisemitic. After the accession of Adolf Hitler he became an influential member of the Nazi Party. During World War II (1939–45) he was made responsible for coordination of the iron and steel industry in occupied Lorraine, and later in the whole of Germany and the occupied territories. He used prisoners of war for forced labor in the steel works. After the war he was tried and convicted for human rights violations, although as an old man he was released before serving his full term. Early year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Röchling Group
Röchling SE & Co. KG is a plastics engineering company headquartered in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The company has three divisions: Industrial, Automotive and Medical. Röchling employed 11,988 people in 90 locations across 25 countries (North and South America, Europe and Asia) in 2024, with annual sales of €2.723 billion in 2023. History Beginnings frameless, 200px, Carl Röchling (1827–1910) managed the company at the beginning of the 20th century alone for twenty years. In 1822, Friedrich Ludwig Röchling founded a coal enterprise in Saarbrücken. After his death in 1836, his four nephews—Theodor, Ernst, Carl and Fritz—were left with the business, which was named Gebrüder Röchling KG. They began industrial coke and iron manufacturing in the mid-19th century. After the death of his brothers, Carl Röchling (1827-1910) managed the company alone for twenty years until the beginning of the 20th century. He then bought the Völklingen Ironworks, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Röchling Shell
Röchling shells were bunker buster, bunker-busting artillery shells, developed by German engineer August Coenders during World War II, based on the theory of increasing the sectional density to improve penetration. Description The Sub-caliber ammunition, subcaliber shells made from chrome-vanadium steel were able to penetrate much more than of reinforced concrete roof before burying the shell through the floor and into earth. They resembled fin-stabilized arrow shells, but had a discarding flange acting as a driving band instead of fins. Despite high penetration, these shells had a low muzzle velocity, and thus a high dispersion, on range. As a result, they saw very limited use during World War II; only about 200 shells were ever fired even though 6,000 such shells were made for the very large howitzers like the 21 cm mortar. Röchling shells were developed for the 21 cm Mörser 18, a captured Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à berceau#World War II, French 34 cm railway ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fort D'Aubin-Neufchâteau
The Fort of Aubin-Neufchâteau (, ) is a Belgian fortification located near Neufchâteau. The fort was built in the 1930s as part of the fortified position of Liège, augmenting the twelve original forts built to defend Liège in the 1880s with four more forts closer to the Belgian frontier with Germany. The fort surrendered to German forces in the opening days of World War II, following the dramatic assault on Aubin-Neufchâteau's sister fort, Fort Eben-Emael. Aubin-Neufchâteau has been preserved and may be visited by the public. Situation The fort is to the south of Eben-Emael and north of the Fort de Battice in the line of the four 1930s forts, located about east of Liège. Aubin-Neufchâteau and the Fort de Tancrémont are smaller than Eben-Emael and Battice. Collectively, the line was known as the Fortified Position of Liège I (''Position Fortifiée de Liège 1'' (PFL I) ), the original Liège forts constituting PFL II. Description The roughly triangular Fort d'Aubin- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
V-3 Cannon
The V-3 () was a German World War II large-caliber gun working on the multi-charge principle whereby secondary propellant charges are fired to add velocity to a projectile. Two full-size guns were built in the underground Fortress of Mimoyecques in northern France and permanently aimed at London, but they were rendered unusable by Allied bombing raids before completion. Two smaller guns were used to bombard Luxembourg from December 1944 to February 1945. The V-3 was also known as the ''Hochdruckpumpe'' ("High Pressure Pump", HDP for short), which was a code name intended to hide the real purpose of the project. It was also known as ''Fleißiges Lieschen'' ("Busy Lizzie"). (bottom of page) Description The gun used multiple propellant stages placed along the barrel's length in order to provide an additional boost. These were ignited by the hot gases that propelled the projectile as it passed them. Solid-fuel rocket boosters were used instead of explosive charges because of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Submachine Gun
A submachine gun (SMG) is a magazine (firearms), magazine-fed automatic firearm, automatic carbine designed to fire handgun cartridges. The term "submachine gun" was coined by John T. Thompson, the inventor of the Thompson submachine gun, to describe its design concept as an automatic firearm with notably less firepower than a machine gun (hence the prefix "wikt:sub-, sub-"). As a machine gun must fire rifle cartridges to be classified as such, submachine guns are not considered machine guns. The submachine gun was developed during World War I (1914–1918) as a Close-quarters battle, close quarter offensive weapon, mainly for trench raiding. At its peak during World War II (1939–1945), millions of submachine guns were made for shock troops, assault troops and auxiliaries whose military doctrine, doctrines emphasized close-quarters combat, close-quarter suppressive fire. New submachine gun designs appeared frequently during the Cold War,Military Small Arms Of The 20th Century. Ian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
