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Arvid Järnefelt
Arvid Järnefelt (16 November 1861, in , Russian Empire – 27 December 1932, in Helsinki, Finland) was a Finnish judge and writer. Arvid's parents were general and governor August Aleksander Järnefelt and Elisabeth Järnefelt (''née'' Clodt von Jürgensburg). Arvid had nine siblings: Kasper, Erik, Ellida, Ellen, Armas, Aino, Hilja and Sigrid. Arvid Järnefelt married Emilia Fredrika Parviainen at Jyväskylä on 6 September 1884. They had five children: Eero, Liisa, Anna, Maija, and Emmi. Eero became later diplomat and Ambassador. Järnefelt became a famous author in the late 19th century. He wrote realistic, often tendentious but psychologically insightful novels, short stories and memoirs. Järnefelt was among the founders of the cultural magazine '' Valvoja'' which was launched in 1880. In 1889 Arvid founded the newspaper ''Päivälehti'' with his friends Eero Erkko and Juhani Aho. ''Päivälehti'' was succeeded by ''Helsingin Sanomat'' in 1904. Arvid Järnefelt b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juhani Aho
Juhani Aho, originally Johannes Brofeldt (11 September 1861 – 8 August 1921), was a Finnish author and journalist. He was nominated for the Nobel prize in literature twelve times. Early life Juhani Aho was born at Lapinlahti in 1861. His parents were Henrik Gustaf Theodor Brofeldt and Karolina Fredrika Emelie "Emma" Brofeldt (née Snellman). The Brofeldts were a priestly family: Theodor was a relatively well-known revivalist preacher whose sermons were published in 1917 as ''Rovasti H. G. Th. Brofeldtin saarnoja'' and his father had been a chaplain and his grandfather a vicar. Juhani had two younger brothers Kaarlo Kustaa Brofeldt (1865–1936) and Petter Fredrik Brofeldt (1864–1945) who, following Juhani's example, adopted the Finnish names Kalle and Pekka as well as the surname Aho. From 1872 to 1880 Juhani Aho attended the Kuopion Lyseo, one of the few upper secondary schools offering education in Finnish. During his time at the school he adopted the pen name Juhani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1932 Deaths
Year 193 ( CXCIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sosius and Ericius (or, less frequently, year 946 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 193 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * January 1 – Year of the Five Emperors: The Roman Senate chooses Publius Helvius Pertinax, against his will, to succeed the late Commodus as Emperor. Pertinax is forced to reorganize the handling of finances, which were wrecked under Commodus, to reestablish discipline in the Roman army, and to suspend the food programs established by Trajan, provoking the ire of the Praetorian Guard. * March 28 – Pertinax is assassinated by members of the Praetorian Guard, who storm the imperial palace. The Empire is auctioned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1861 Births
Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first steam-powered carousel is recorded, in Bolton, England. * January 2 – Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies, and is succeeded by Wilhelm I. * January 3 – American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the Union. * January 9 – American Civil War: Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union. * January 10 – American Civil War: Florida secedes from the Union. * January 11 – American Civil War: Alabama secedes from the Union. * January 12 – American Civil War: Major Robert Anderson sends dispatches to Washington. * January 19 – American Civil War: Georgia secedes from the Union. * January 21 – American Civil War: Jefferson Davis resigns from the United States Senate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Footnotes
A note is a string of text placed at the bottom of a page in a book or document or at the end of a chapter, volume, or the whole text. The note can provide an author's comments on the main text or citations of a reference work in support of the text. Footnotes are notes at the foot of the page while endnotes are collected under a separate heading at the end of a chapter, volume, or entire work. Unlike footnotes, endnotes have the advantage of not affecting the layout of the main text, but may cause inconvenience to readers who have to move back and forth between the main text and the endnotes. In some editions of the Bible, notes are placed in a narrow column in the middle of each page between two columns of biblical text. Numbering and symbols In English, a footnote or endnote is normally flagged by a superscripted number immediately following that portion of the text the note references, each such footnote being numbered sequentially. Occasionally, a number between bracke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valse Triste (Sibelius)
''Valse triste'' (''Sad Waltz''), Op. 44, No. 1, is a short orchestral work by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. It was originally part of the incidental music he composed for his brother-in-law Arvid Järnefelt's 1903 play '' Kuolema'' (''Death''), but is far better known as a separate concert piece. Sibelius wrote six pieces for the 2 December 1903 production of ''Kuolema''. The first was titled ''Tempo di valse lente - Poco risoluto''. In 1904 he revised the piece, which was performed in Helsinki on 25 April of that year as ''Valse triste''. It was an instant hit with the public, took on a life of its own, and remains one of Sibelius's signature pieces. Background The background to the music as it functions within the original play is expanded upon by the programme notes for the production: It is night. The son, who has been watching beside the bedside of his sick mother, has fallen asleep from sheer weariness, Gradually a ruddy light is diffused through the room: ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Sibelius
Jean Sibelius ( ; ; born Johan Julius Christian Sibelius; 8 December 186520 September 1957) was a Finnish composer of the late Romantic and early-modern periods. He is widely regarded as his country's greatest composer, and his music is often credited with having helped Finland develop a national identity during its struggle for independence from Russia. The core of his oeuvre is his set of seven symphonies, which, like his other major works, are regularly performed and recorded in Finland and countries around the world. His other best-known compositions are '' Finlandia'', the '' Karelia Suite'', '' Valse triste'', the Violin Concerto, the choral symphony '' Kullervo'', and '' The Swan of Tuonela'' (from the '' Lemminkäinen Suite''). His other works include pieces inspired by nature, Nordic mythology, and the Finnish national epic, the '' Kalevala;'' over a hundred songs for voice and piano; incidental music for numerous plays; the one-act opera '' The Maiden in the Towe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuolema (Sibelius)
' (Finnish: “Death”), JS 113, is incidental music for orchestra by Jean Sibelius for a play of that title by his brother-in-law Arvid Järnefelt, structured in six movements and originally scored for string orchestra, bass drum and a bell. He conducted the first performance at the Finnish National Theatre in Helsinki on 2 December 1903. He drew individual works from the score and revised them as: * Op. 44 no. 1 ', completed in 1904 * Op. 44 no. 2 ''Scene with Cranes'', completed in 1906 For a 1911 production of the play, he added two new movements: * Op. 62a ''Canzonetta'' (Rondino der Liebenden) for string orchestra, first version in 1906, final version in 1911 * Op. 62b ' (Waltz intermezzo), completed in 1911 Background Initially, Sibelius wrote six numbers for the 2 December 1903 production: # ''Tempo di valse lente - Poco risoluto'' (Act I) # ''Moderato'' (Paavali's Song: 'Pakkanen puhurin poika', for solo baritone, Act II) # ''Moderato assai - Moderato'' (Elsa's Song: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuolema
''Kuolema'' (''Death'') is a drama by the Finnish writer Arvid Järnefelt, first performed on 2 December 1903. He revised the work in 1911. The play is notable for its incidental music Incidental music is music in a play, television program, radio program, video game, or some other presentation form that is not primarily musical. The term is less frequently applied to film music, with such music being referred to instead as t ...: a group of six compositions created by the author's brother-in-law, Jean Sibelius. The most famous selection is the opening number, '' Valse triste'' (''Sad Waltz''), which was later adapted into a separate concert piece. The play The play is in three acts. Act I features the boy Paavali and his mother, who is ill. When she is asleep, music is heard, and she has a dream of dancers, who start to fill the room. She then joins them in their dance, but becomes exhausted. As the dancers leave, she begins to dance again. However, Death knocks at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virkkala
Virkkala (; sv, Virkby) is a district of Lohja, Finland, located about 8 kilometers southwest of the center of Lohja along Hanko Highway (Vt 25). Lake Lohja is located right next to Virkkala on its western side. The urban center of Virkkala has businesses as well as a library, pharmacy, and parish center. Most of the Swedish-speaking settlement in Lohja was concentrated in the Virkkala area. Petter Forsström (1877–1967), ''vuorineuvos'' known as Kalkki-Petteri, gave the initial impetus to Virkkala's development. During the recession of the 1990s, was merged with Wärtsilä into Metra, which sold the plant to the Swedish Euroc Group. Euroc closed the plant in 1994. Today, the plant area is known as the Kalkkipetteri area, and there are dozens of small businesses. The Rauhala and Risti primary schools are located in Virkkala, the Swedish-language Virkby School. Secondary schools include Järnefelt School (named after Arvid Järnefelt) and the Swedish-speaking Källhagens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tolstoyan
The Tolstoyan movement is a social movement based on the philosophical and religious views of Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910). Tolstoy's views were formed by rigorous study of the ministry of Jesus, particularly the Sermon on the Mount. Tolstoy expressed "great joy" that groups of people "have been springing up, not only in Russia but in various parts of Europe, who are in complete agreement with our views." However, the author also thought it was a mistake to create a specific movement or doctrine after him, urging individuals to listen to their own conscience rather than blindly follow his. In regard to a letter he received from an adherent, he wrote: Beliefs and practices Tolstoyans (Russian:''Толстовцы'', ''Tolstovtsy'') identify themselves as Christians, but do not generally belong to an institutional Church. Tolstoy was a harsh critic of the Russian Orthodox Church, leading to his excommunication in 1901. Tolstoyans tend to focus more on following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo Tolstoy
Count Lev Nikolayevich TolstoyTolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; russian: link=no, Лев Николаевич Толстой,In Tolstoy's day, his name was written as in pre-reformed Russian. ; ), usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. He received nominations for the Nobel Prize in Literature every year from 1902 to 1906 and for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1901, 1902, and 1909; the fact that he never won is a major controversy. Born to an aristocratic Russian family in 1828, Tolstoy's notable works include the novels '' War and Peace'' (1869) and '' Anna Karenina'' (1878), often cited as pinnacles of realist fiction. He first achieved literary acclaim in his twenties with his semi-autobiographical trilogy, '' Childhood'', '' Boyhood'', and ''Youth'' (1852–1856), and '' Sevastopol Sketches'' (1855), based upon his experiences ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
