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Arisaka
The Arisaka rifle () is a family of Japanese military bolt-action service rifles, which were produced and used since approximately 1897, when it replaced the Murata rifle (, ) family, until the end of World War II in 1945. The most common models include the Type 38 chambered for the 6.5×50mmSR Type 38 cartridge, and the Type 99 chambered for the 7.7×58mm Type 99 cartridge, which is comparable in power to a modern .308 Winchester round. History The Arisaka rifle was designed under the supervision of Colonel Arisaka Nariakira (; 1852–1915), who was later promoted to lieutenant general and also received the title of baron from Emperor Meiji, in 1907. The design was similar to, and may have been influenced by the German Rifle Test Commission 8mm Model 1888 bolt-action rifle, which was based on the earlier Mauser design. Over the course of several wars, the rifle went through multiple production runs, during which several variants were developed, including the transitio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Type 38 Rifle
The is a bolt-action service rifle that was used by the Empire of Japan predominantly during the Second Sino-Japanese War and Second World War. The design was adopted by the Imperial Japanese Army in 1905 (the 38th year of the Meiji period, hence "Type 38"). Due to a perceived lack of power in its 6.5×50mmSR Arisaka cartridge, it was partially replaced during the war with the 7.7 Type 99 rifle, but both rifles saw usage until the end of the war. History and development The Imperial Japanese Army introduced the Type 30 rifle in 1897. However, the weapon had numerous shortcomings, which were highlighted by combat experience in the early stages of the Russo-Japanese War. These included bursting cartridges, a poorly designed lock in which excess gunpowder tended to accumulate, burning the face of the shooter, frequent misfires, jamming, difficulty in cleaning, and cartridge extraction. Major Kijiro Nambu undertook a redesign of the Type 30, which was introduced in 1906. Nambu re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Type 30 Rifle
The is a box-fed bolt-action repeating rifle that was the standard infantry rifle of the Imperial Japanese Army from 1897 (the 30th year of the Meiji period, hence "Type 30") to 1905. History and development The Imperial Japanese Army began development of a new rifle in December 1895 to replace the Murata rifle, which had been in use since 1880. The project was handled by the Koishikawa Arsenal in Tokyo under the direction of Colonel Arisaka Nariakira,Kowner, '' Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War'', p. 437–438. and was the first in a series of rifles which would be used through World War II. By 1900, the Imperial Japanese Army had most of its divisions fully equipped with the rifle. The Type 30 was first designed for the semi-rimmed 6.5×50mm Arisaka cartridge. The sights could be set up to . Besides the standard rifle, there was also a carbine version, long, which was intended for the cavalry and other troops who needed a shorter or lighter weapon. It had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Arisaka Nariakira
was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army. The inventor of the Arisaka, Arisaka rifle, he is regarded as one of the leading arms designers in Japanese history, alongside Kijirō Nambu. Biography Arisaka was born in Iwakuni, Yamaguchi, Iwakuni, Suo province (currently part of Yamaguchi prefecture) as the 4th son of a ''samurai'' retainer of Chōshū Domain. At the age of 11, he was adopted by firearms craftsman Arisaka Nagayoshi, from whom he took his family name. He served during the Boshin War and participated in the Battle of Toba–Fushimi. After the Meiji Restoration, he enlisted in the fledgling Imperial Japanese Army. In 1891, he caught the attention of General Murata Tsuneyoshi, designer of the Murata rifle, the standard Japanese Army rifle, and was appointed to a position in the Tokyo Arsenal. In 1897, Arisaka completed work on the Type 30 rifle, an improvement on the Murata rifle, which was adopted by the Japanese Army as its standard weapon in time for t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Type 44 Carbine
The is a Japanese bolt-action rifle. This rifle is also often referred to as a Type 44 carbine. The Type 44 is sometimes confused with the Type 38 carbine, since both were based on the Type 38 service rifle. Designed in 1911 by Arisaka Nariakira, it is a carbine intended for cavalry troops. It had a fixed bayonet and was first issued before World War I. It was produced in large numbers and was still in production in the early years of World War II. History The Type 44 entered production in 1911 and entered service in 1912 (the 44th year of the Meiji period, hence "Type 44"), and served on until the end of the Second World War in 1945, production of the rifle ran until three years prior to the end of the Second World War; 1942. Approximately 91,900 Type 44 rifles were produced by Japanese arsenals during these years. Although it was intended for cavalry troops, many other units such as transportation units were issued these carbines and some cavalry troops continued to use the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Type 97 Sniper Rifle
The is a Japanese bolt-action rifle, based on the Type 38 rifle adopted in 1937, following Japanese combat experience in Manchuria. Although the Japanese planned on replacing it with the Type 99 sniper rifle, which had superior range and penetration, the Type 97 remained in service until the end of the World War II. Background According to Ness, the Japanese were relatively late in the development of purpose-built sniper rifles. During the 1920s, trials with small numbers of Type 38 rifles fitted with scopes were conducted, but the Japanese apparently showed no interest. In 1935, following combat experience in Manchuria, the Imperial Japanese Army conducted trials under the leadership of Colonel Tatsumi Namio to develop a new dedicated sniper rifle for the IJA. About 700 modified Type 38 rifles were made in Kokura Arsenal for trials; testing at the Futsu Proving Ground showed a 10% increase in accuracy at a range of and 30% at in comparison to the standard Type 38 infantr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Kijirō Nambu
was a Japanese firearms designer and career officer in the Imperial Japanese Army. He founded the Nambu Arms Manufacturing Company, a major manufacturer of Japanese military firearms during the period. He was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure (2nd class) in 1914. Because of his prolific firearms designs, Nambu has been described as the "John Browning of Japan." Biography Nambu was born as the younger son to a former ''samurai'' retainer of the Nabeshima clan, in Saga domain in 1869 (present-day Saga prefecture). His mother died soon after he was born, and as his father had financial difficulties, he was sent out to be raised by a local merchant. Through hard work and determination, he secured a place in the 2nd class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy at the age of 20. At age 23, he was commissioned a lieutenant of artillery. In 1897, Nambu was assigned to Tokyo Arsenal, where he was assigned to work under noted weapons designer Nariakira Arisaka on the Type 30 rif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Type 35 Rifle
The was created from the Type 30 rifle for the Imperial Japanese Navy as a replacement for their aging Type 22 Murata rifles and to try to correct the deficiencies of the Type 30. The ''35'' referred to the adoption date, the Year 35 (1902) in the Meiji period according to the Japanese calendar. History Not long after the Imperial Japanese Army adopted the Type 30 rifle, the Imperial Japanese Navy realized they needed a modern rifle to replace their obsolete Type 22 Murata rifles currently in use by their Special Naval Landing Forces. Furthermore, the Tokyo Artillery Arsenal stopped manufacturing the black powder in use by the 8mm Murata cartridge. Army Captain Kijirō Nambu of the Tokyo Artillery Arsenal was appointed leader of the commission assigned correct the issues of the Type 30 rifle that had arisen in the field with the Type 30. The Type 35 was produced from 1902 to 1905. Development The minor modifications, intended to overcome some of the defects of the Type 30, inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Empire Of Japan
The Empire of Japan, also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was the Japanese nation state that existed from the Meiji Restoration on January 3, 1868, until the Constitution of Japan took effect on May 3, 1947. From Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910, 1910 to Japanese Instrument of Surrender, 1945, it included the Japanese archipelago, the Kuril Islands, Kurils, Karafuto Prefecture, Karafuto, Korea under Japanese rule, Korea, and Taiwan under Japanese rule, Taiwan. The South Seas Mandate and Foreign concessions in China#List of concessions, concessions such as the Kwantung Leased Territory were ''de jure'' not internal parts of the empire but dependent territories. In the closing stages of World War II, with Japan defeated alongside the rest of the Axis powers, the Japanese Instrument of Surrender, formalized surrender was issued on September 2, 1945, in compliance with the Potsdam Declaration of the Allies of World War II, Allies, and the empire's territory subsequent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Bolt Action
Bolt action is a type of manual firearm action that is operated by ''directly'' manipulating the turn-bolt via a bolt handle, most commonly placed on the right-hand side of the firearm (as most users are right-handed). The majority of bolt-action firearms are rifles, but there are also some variants of shotguns and handguns that are bolt-action. Bolt action firearms are generally repeating firearms, but many single-shot designs are available particularly in shooting sports where single-shot firearms are mandated, such as most Olympic and ISSF rifle disciplines. From the late 19th century all the way through both World Wars, bolt action rifles were the standard infantry service weapons for most of the world's military forces, with the exception of the United States Armed Forces, who used the M1 Garand Semi-automatic rifle. In modern military and law enforcement after the Second World War, bolt-action firearms have been largely replaced by semi-automatic and selec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
First Indochina War
The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam, and alternatively internationally as the French-Indochina War) was fought between French Fourth Republic, France and Việt Minh (Democratic Republic of Vietnam), and their respective allies, from 19 December 1946 until 21 July 1954. Việt Minh was led by Võ Nguyên Giáp and Hồ Chí Minh. Most of the fighting took place in Tonkin in Northern Vietnam, although the conflict engulfed the entire country and also extended into the neighboring French Indochina protectorates of Kingdom of Laos, Laos and French protectorate of Cambodia, Cambodia. At the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, the Allied Combined Chiefs of Staff decided that Indochina south of 16th parallel north, latitude 16° north was to be included in the Southeast Asia Command under British Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Admiral Mountbatten. On V-J Day, September 2, Hồ Chí Min ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
1999 East Timorese Crisis
The 1999 East Timorese crisis began with attacks by pro-Indonesia militia groups on civilians, and expanded to general violence throughout the country, centred in the capital Dili. The violence intensified after a majority of eligible East Timorese voters 1999 East Timorese independence referendum, voted for independence from Indonesia. A Scorched Earth Operation by militia groups destroyed 80% of Dili's infrastructure. At least 1,400 civilians are believed to have been murdered both before and after voting. A UN-authorized force (INTERFET) consisting mainly of Australian Defence Force personnel was deployed to East Timor to establish and maintain peace. Background Independence for East Timor, or even limited regional autonomy, was not allowable under Suharto's New Order. Notwithstanding Indonesian public opinion in the 1990s occasionally showing begrudging appreciation of the Timorese position, it was widely feared that an independent East Timor would destabilise Indonesian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Cambodian Civil War
The Cambodian Civil War (, Romanization of Khmer#UNGEGN, UNGEGN: ) was a civil war in Cambodia fought between the Communist Party of Kampuchea (known as the Khmer Rouge, supported by North Vietnam and China) against the government of the Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970), Kingdom of Cambodia and, after October 1970, the Khmer Republic, which had succeeded the kingdom after a coup (both supported by the United States and South Vietnam). The conflict was part of the Indochina Wars, Second Indochina War (1955–1975). The conflict was linked to the Vietnam War. The North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) was involved to protect its bases in eastern Cambodia, which were crucial to its military effort in South Vietnam. This presence was initially tolerated by Prince Norodom Sihanouk, Sihanouk, the Cambodian head of state, but domestic resistance combined with China and North Vietnam aiding the anti-government Khmer Rouge caused him to request help from the Soviet Union ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
