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Archosauriformes
Archosauriformes (Ancient Greek, Greek for 'ruling lizards', and Latin for 'form') is a clade of diapsid reptiles encompassing Archosaur, archosaurs and some of their close relatives. It was defined by Jacques Gauthier (1994) as the clade stemming from the Most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor of Proterosuchidae and Archosauria. Phil Senter (2005) defined it as the most exclusive clade containing ''Proterosuchus'' and Archosauria. Gauthier as part of the ''Phylonyms'' (2020) defined the clade as the last common ancestor of ''Chicken, Gallus'', ''Alligator'', and ''Proterosuchus'', and all its descendants. Archosauriforms are a branch of Archosauromorpha, archosauromorphs which originated in the Late Permian (roughly 252 million years ago) and persist to the present day as the two surviving archosaur groups: Crocodilia, crocodilians and Bird, birds. Archosauriforms present several traits historically ascribed to the group Archosauria. These include serrated teeth set in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euparkeria
''Euparkeria'' (; meaning "Parker's good animal", named in honor of W. K. Parker) is an Extinction, extinct genus of archosauriform reptile from the Triassic of South Africa. ''Euparkeria'' is close to the ancestry of Archosauria, the reptile group that includes crocodilians, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs (including birds). Fossils of ''Euparkeria'', including nearly complete skeletons, have been recovered from the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone, ''Cynognathus'' Assemblage Zone (CAZ, also known as the Burgersdorp Formation), which hosts the oldest advanced archosauriforms in the fossil-rich Karoo Basin. Tentative dating schemes place the CAZ around the latest Early Triassic (late Olenekian stage) or earliest Middle Triassic (early Anisian stage), approximately 247 million years old. ''Euparkeria'' is among the most heavily described and discussed non-archosaur archosauriforms. It was a small carnivorous reptile with a boxy skull, slender limbs, and two rows of tiny teardrop-shaped osteo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eorasaurus
''Eorasaurus'' is an extinct genus of archosauromorph reptile known from the middle late Permian (late Capitanian or early Wuchiapingian age) of Tatarstan, European Russia. It contains a single species, ''Eorasaurus olsoni''. When originally described by Sennikov (1997), ''Eorasaurus'' was identified as an early archosauromorph and assigned to the family Protorosauridae, Ezcurra ''et al.'' (2014) and Ezcurra (2016) later reclassified ''Eorasaurus'' and placed it within the group Archosauriformes. ''Eorasaurus'' is based solely on scant fossil material from the neck region, and is thus considered an unstable taxon in phylogenetic analyses. If ''Eorasaurus'' is an archosauriform, it would be the oldest known member of the group and would pre-date the previous record holder (the proterosuchid '' Archosaurus''). Discovery ''Eorasaurus'' was named by Andrey G. Sennikov in 1997. It is known from four specimens representing a single individual, PIN 156/108 through PIN 156/111. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythrosuchidae
Erythrosuchidae (meaning "red crocodiles" in Greek) are a family of large basal archosauriform carnivores that lived from the later Early Triassic (Olenekian) to the early Middle Triassic (Anisian). Naming The family Erythrosuchidae was named by David Meredith Seares Watson in 1917.D.M.S. Watson. 1917. "A sketch classification of the Pre-Jurassic tetrapod vertebrates". ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' 1917: 167–186 Description They were the apex predators of their day, with lengths of to almost . Their fossil remains are known to date from South Africa ( Beaufort Group of the Karoo Basin), China, India and European Russia, from the Early to Middle Triassic. Erythrosuchids were unusually large and robust archosauromorphs. Several features set them apart from other archosauriformes and are also seen in later, more derived archosaurs. For example, they lack teeth on the palate, which are found in other early archosauriformes, such as '' Doswellia'' and eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wangisuchus
''Wangisuchus'' is an extinct genus of archosauriform reptile from the Middle Triassic of China that is known from fragmentary fossil jaw bones. These bones were found at the Hsishihwa locality in the upper Ermaying Formation, which dates to the late Anisian stage about 242 million years ago. ''Wangisuchus'' was named in 1964 by Chinese paleontologist Yang Zhongjian, who described a single species, ''Wangisuchus tzeyii'', on the basis of these bones. Classification Yang classified ''Wangisuchus'' in the family Euparkeriidae, which also includes the much better known ''Euparkeria'' from the Early Triassic of South Africa. He diagnosed ''Wangisuchus'' by the following characters: long and low shape of the maxilla; pointed posterior process of the maxilla; rounded anterior margin of the maxilla; thecodont tooth implantation; crurotarsal (crocodile-like) structure of the ankle. Later authors noted that a calcaneum, or ankle bone, referred to ''Wangisuchus'' by Yang more closely rese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barberenasuchus
''Barberenasuchus'' is an extinct genus of an archosauriform. Fossils (poorly preserved skull and axis vertebra) have been found from the Santa Maria Formation of southern Brazil of Late Triassic age. Its phylogenetic position within Archosauriformes is uncertain; the author of its description classified it as a sphenosuchid crocodylomorph,Mattar, L.C.B. 1987. Descrição osteólogica do crânio e segunda vértebrata cervical de Barberenasuchus brasiliensis Mattar, 1987 (Reptilia, Thecodontia) do Mesotriássico do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Anais, Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 61: 319–333. while Kischlat (2000) considered it to be a rauisuchian. Irmis, Nesbitt and Sues (2013) stated that they "could not find any crocodylomorph character states preserved in the holotype specimen". Based on the presence of an antorbital fenestra An antorbital fenestra (plural: fenestrae) is an opening in the skull that is in front of the eye sockets. This skull character is largely associa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asperoris
''Asperoris'' is an extinct genus of archosauriform reptile known from the Middle Triassic Manda Beds of southwestern Tanzania. It is the first archosauriform known from the Manda Beds that is not an archosaur. However, its relationships with other non-archosaurian archosauriforms are uncertain. It was first named by Sterling J. Nesbitt, Richard J. Butler and David J. Gower in 2013 and the type species is ''Asperoris mnyama''. ''Asperoris'' means "rough face" in Latin, referring to the distinctive rough texture of its skull bones. Discovery ''Asperoris'' is known solely from the well-preserved but incomplete holotype skull NHMUK PV R36615, which includes the right premaxilla and maxilla bones of the upper jaw, the right nasal, prefrontal, frontal, postfrontal, and parietal bones of the top of the skull, and part of the right postorbital bone behind the eye socket, as well as three unidentified skull fragments. NHMUK PV R36615 was discovered by a joint 1963 expedition of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crosbysaurus
''Crosbysaurus'' is a genus of extinct archosauromorph that lived in the Late Triassic of Arizona, New Mexico, North Carolina, Texas, and Utah. It is known from the Chinle Formation and Dockum Group rock units from the southwestern United States. The type species is ''C. harrisae'', and the only known material includes teeth. 11 specimens are known, each including a single tooth. ''Crosbysaurus'' was originally identified as an ornithischian dinosaur by Andrew Heckert when it was first described in 2004. Further work has shown that it is likely an archosauromorph based on the features of its teeth, and it may belong to Archosauriformes Archosauriformes (Ancient Greek, Greek for 'ruling lizards', and Latin for 'form') is a clade of diapsid reptiles encompassing Archosaur, archosaurs and some of their close relatives. It was defined by Jacques Gauthier (1994) as the clade stemmin .... The taxon is likely valid as it differs from other genera from the same region known from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proterosuchidae
Proterosuchidae is an early family of basal archosauriforms whose fossils are known from the Late Permian and the Early Triassic. The highest diversity of genera is known from European Russia, but fossils are also known from South Africa, India, China, Australia, Brazil and possibly Argentina. The name comes from Greek πρότερο- ("first") and σοῦχος ("crocodile"). Description They were slender, medium-sized (about long, largest specimens reached ), long-snouted and superficially crocodile-like animals, although they lacked the armoured scutes of true crocodiles, and their skeletal features are much more primitive. The limbs are short and indicate a sprawling posture, like contemporary lizards but unlike most later archosaurs. Their most characteristic feature is a distinct down-turning of the premaxilla (the front of the upper jaw, which overhangs the lower jaw). Evolutionary history The terminal Permian catastrophe, which killed off 95% of all types of life, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vjushkovisaurus
''Vjushkovisaurus'' is an extinct genus of Middle Triassic archosauriform. It is known from the Anisian-aged Donguz Gorizont in Sol-Iletsk, Orenburg Oblast, Russia. The genus was named in 1982, with the type species being ''V. berdjanensis''. Material has been collected in the Berdyanka II locality from a fossil assemblage called the '' Eryosuchus'' Fauna along the Berdyanka River, specifically in a sand-carbonate concretion in the upper part of the main river channel. ''Vjushkovisaurus'' is known only from the holotype PIN 2865/62 (formerly SGU 104/3871), a partial postcranial skeleton which consists of 12 presacral vertebrae, left humerus, ribs, a fragment of the coracoid and a fragment of the fibula. Description Most rauisuchids have a crest on the ilium called the supra- acetabular process that overlies the head of the femur, allowing them to have a "pillar-erect" stance. As an early rauisuchid ''Vjushkovisaurus'' lacks this crest, but it does have a small thick ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarmatosuchus
''Sarmatosuchus'' is an extinct genus of archosauriform reptile found in sediments of Middle Triassic age and known from the single species ''Sarmatosuchus otschevi''. It is one of the earliest stem-archosaur species known. The holotype and only specimen was found in lithified river deposits of the Donguz Formation exposed near the Berdyanka River, Orenburg region, Russia. 1994 "Pervyj srednetriansovyj proteroscchid iz Vostochnoy Evropy." ''Doklady Akademii Nauk'' 336:359-661 The genus was originally included in the extinct family Proterosuchidae. However, later analysis by David Gower David Ivon Gower (born 1 April 1957) is an English cricket commentator and former cricketer who was captain of the England cricket team during the 1980s. Described as one of the most stylish left-handed batsmen of his era, Gower played 117 T ... and Andrei Sennikov, the describing author, has removed it from the Proterosuchidae and designated it a basal archosauriform. & 1997, "Sarmato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalisuchus
''Kalisuchus'' ('Kali's crocodile') was a genus of basal archosauriform known from remains unearthed from the Arcadia Formation ( Rewan Group) of the Early Triassic of the Crater, Southwest of Rolleston, south central Queensland, Australia. It was named after Kali, the Hindu goddess of destruction, a reference to the very fragmentary nature of its remains. The type species of ''Kalisuchus'' is ''K. rewanensis,'' which refers to the Rewan Group. The Arcadia formation is dated to the Induan age at the very beginning of the Triassic, making ''Kalisuchus'' one of the oldest archosauromorphs known in Australia. Description The holotype of ''Kalisuchus'' is a partial left maxilla, QM F8998. Although many other fragmentary bones from the Arcadia Formation were referred to the genus, the lack of overlap between these bones and the holotype makes these referrals dubious. One of the referred bones, QM F9521, was originally believed to be an unusual jugal but was subsequently interpre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fenhosuchus
''Fenhosuchus'' is an extinct genus of archosauriform. The holotype, IVPP V 2697, and referred materials have been found in the Hsishihwa locality at Wuhsiang, China, from the Upper Ermaying Formation (also Ehrmaying). The locality dates back to the Anisian stage of the Middle Triassic. The genus was named after the Fen River in Shanxi Province from which specimens were found. It may prove to be a chimera being composed of material from several different animals. Some material were believed to represent a rauisuchid. The calcaneum of ''Fenhosuchus'' seems to belong to an erythrosuchid or other basal archosauriform.Gower, D. J. (1996). The tarsus of erythrosuchid archosaurs, and implications for early diapsid phylogeny. ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' 116:347–375. Much of the material of the tarsal bones seem to be similar to those of the genus '' Shansisuchus''. According to Nesbitt (2009) the assessment of Gower (2000) was correct, the holotype is a mix of ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
