Aq Kübek
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Aq Kübek
Aq Kübek Khan (?–~1550; also ''Aq Köbek''), was a ruler of Astrakhan Khanate in 1532–1534 and 1541–1544. He was the son of Mortaza Beg. He pursued politics against Crimean Khanate and Nogay Horde for the Astrakhan Khanate's independence. He was overthrown by Yamghurchi khan. For uncertainties and additional information, see the second part of List of Astrakhan khans Below is a list of rulers of the Astrakhan Khanate. These were independent rulers of part of the Golden Horde territories after its decline began; the area was centred on the lower Volga. It was conquered and reduced to a vassal state by Ivan th .... References Notes 1550 deaths Khans of Astrakhan Year of birth unknown {{Russia-hist-stub ...
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List Of Astrakhan Khans
Below is a list of rulers of the Astrakhan Khanate. These were independent rulers of part of the Golden Horde territories after its decline began; the area was centred on the lower Volga. It was conquered and reduced to a vassal state by Ivan the Terrible in 1554 and fully annexed in 1557. First list with full names *Küchük Muhammad - one of the Last Khans of the Golden Horde had a son named Mahmud bin Küchük who succeeded him as Khan of the remnant Khanate named the Great Horde. He was deposed in a struggle for power by his brother, Ahmed Khan bin Küchük, Ahmed Khan who became the last Khan of the Golden Horde/Great Horde. Mahmud, however, managed to keep territory named Astrakhan Khanate, Haji Tarkhan (in Persian: or Haji-Tarkhan; in Russian: Астрахань or Astrakhan) and established his own Khanate there in 1465 C.E. Second list with short biographies There appears to be no modern book in English on the Astrakhan Khanate. According to Frank “The dates and ...
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Nogay Horde
The Nogai Horde was a confederation founded by the Nogais that occupied the Pontic–Caspian steppe from about 1500 until they were pushed west by the Kalmyks and south by the Russians in the 17th century. The Mongol tribe called the Manghuds constituted a core of the Nogai Horde. In the 13th century, the leader of the Golden Horde, Nogai Khan, a direct descendant of Genghis Khan through Jochi, formed an army of the Manghits joined by numerous Turkic tribes. A century later the Nogays were led by Edigu, a commander of Manghit paternal origin and Jochid maternal origin, who founded the Nogai dynasty. In 1557, Nogai ''Nur-al-Din'' Qazi Mirza quarreled with Ismael Beg and founded the Lesser Nogai Horde on the steppe of the North Caucasus. The Nogais north of the Caspian were thereafter called the Great Nogai Horde. In the early 17th century, the Horde broke down further under the onslaught of the Kalmyks. The Nogais north of the Black Sea were nominally subject to the Crimean Khan ...
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1550 Deaths
Year 1550 ( MDL) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 6 – Spanish Captain Hernando de Santana founds the city of Valledupar, in modern-day Colombia. * February 7 – After a 10-week conclave in Rome to elect a new Pope, Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, Bishop of Palestrina, is selected on the 61st ballot after Reginald Pole of England falls two votes short of winning. Ciocchi del Monte takes the name Pope Julius III and is crowned the next day, succeeding the late Pope Paul III. * February 25 – (10th day of 2nd month of Tenbun 19) In Oita, Ōita Prefecture, an attack within the Ōtomo clan of Japanese samurai takes place after clan leader Ōtomo Yoshikazu seeks to disinherit his oldest son and to make his third son, Ōtomo Shioichimaru, as his designated successor. Supporters of the oldest son, Ōtomo Yoshishige, invade Yoshikazu's home and kill Shioichimaru and four other family members ...
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Shayex Xaydar
Sheikh Haydar Astrakhani (; ) was Khan of Astrakhan from 1538 through 1541. See also * List of Astrakhan khans Below is a list of rulers of the Astrakhan Khanate. These were independent rulers of part of the Golden Horde territories after its decline began; the area was centred on the lower Volga. It was conquered and reduced to a vassal state by Ivan th ... References Khans of Astrakhan Year of death unknown Year of birth unknown {{Russia-bio-stub ...
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Ghabdraxman Of Astrakhan
Abdur Rahman Astrakhani (; ) was a Khan of Astrakhan from 1534 through 1538. For uncertainties and additional information, see the second part of the List of Astrakhan khans Below is a list of rulers of the Astrakhan Khanate. These were independent rulers of part of the Golden Horde territories after its decline began; the area was centred on the lower Volga. It was conquered and reduced to a vassal state by Ivan th .... References {{s-end Khans of Astrakhan ...
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Qasim II
Qasim II Khan (Turki/ Kypchak and Persian: قاسم خان ثانی; died 1532) was the ruler of the Astrakhan Khanate until 1532. He was a son of Big Horde's khan Sayed Akhmad, and a grandson of Akhmat. He occupied Xacitarxan throne with the help of Nogays. He was a supporter of centralization policy. He is known to send a letter to Ottoman sultan Süleyman in 1531/1532. He was deposed and killed by Aq Kübek. See also *List of Astrakhan khans Below is a list of rulers of the Astrakhan Khanate. These were independent rulers of part of the Golden Horde territories after its decline began; the area was centred on the lower Volga. It was conquered and reduced to a vassal state by Ivan th ... 1532 deaths Khans of Astrakhan Year of birth unknown {{Russia-hist-stub ...
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Khan Of Astrakhan
Below is a list of rulers of the Astrakhan Khanate. These were independent rulers of part of the Golden Horde territories after its decline began; the area was centred on the lower Volga. It was conquered and reduced to a vassal state by Ivan the Terrible in 1554 and fully annexed in 1557. First list with full names * Küchük Muhammad - one of the Last Khans of the Golden Horde had a son named Mahmud bin Küchük who succeeded him as Khan of the remnant Khanate named the Great Horde. He was deposed in a struggle for power by his brother, Ahmed Khan who became the last Khan of the Golden Horde/Great Horde. Mahmud, however, managed to keep territory named Haji Tarkhan (in Persian: or Haji-Tarkhan; in Russian: Астрахань or Astrakhan) and established his own Khanate there in 1465 C.E. Second list with short biographies There appears to be no modern book in English on the Astrakhan Khanate. According to Frank “The dates and activities of these rulers are faintly re ...
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Yamghurchi
Yamghurchi Khan (died 1555) was a ruler of the Astrakhan Khanate since the 1540s. He occupied the throne with the help of the Nogay nobility. In the battle of Xacitarxan in 1554 the Russians defeated him. They occupied the area from 1556.Janet Martin, Medieval Russia:980-1584, (Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 356 He escaped to lands behind the Terek river. In 1555 he was killed in dissension with Nogais. For uncertainties and additional information see the second part of List of Astrakhan khans Below is a list of rulers of the Astrakhan Khanate. These were independent rulers of part of the Golden Horde territories after its decline began; the area was centred on the lower Volga. It was conquered and reduced to a vassal state by Ivan th .... References Notes Year of birth unknown 1555 deaths Khans of Astrakhan {{russia-hist-stub ...
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Crimean Khanate
The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatars, Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783, the longest-lived of the Turkic peoples, Turkic khanates that succeeded the empire of the Golden Horde. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1441, it was regarded as the direct heir to the Golden Horde and to Cumania, Desht-i-Kipchak. In 1783, violating the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (which had guaranteed non-interference of both Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the affairs of the Crimean Khanate), the Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire, Russian Empire annexed the khanate. Among the European powers, only France came out with an open protest against this act, due to the longstanding Franco-Ottoman alliance. Naming and geography The Crimean Khans, considering their state as the heir and legal successor of the Golden Horde and Desht-i Kipcha ...
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Qasim II Of Astrakhan
Qasim II Khan (Turki/ Kypchak and Persian: قاسم خان ثانی; died 1532) was the ruler of the Astrakhan Khanate until 1532. He was a son of Big Horde's khan Sayed Akhmad, and a grandson of Akhmat. He occupied Xacitarxan throne with the help of Nogays. He was a supporter of centralization policy. He is known to send a letter to Ottoman sultan Süleyman in 1531/1532. He was deposed and killed by Aq Kübek. See also *List of Astrakhan khans Below is a list of rulers of the Astrakhan Khanate. These were independent rulers of part of the Golden Horde territories after its decline began; the area was centred on the lower Volga. It was conquered and reduced to a vassal state by Ivan th ... 1532 deaths Khans of Astrakhan Year of birth unknown {{Russia-hist-stub ...
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Astrakhan Khanate
The Khanate of Astrakhan was a Tatar rump state of the Golden Horde. The khanate existed in the 15th and 16th centuries in the area adjacent to the mouth of the Volga river, around the modern city of Astrakhan. Its khans claimed patrilineal descent from Toqa Temür, the thirteenth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. Mahmud bin Küchük established the Khanate in the 1460s. The capital was the city of Xacitarxan, also known as Astrakhan in Russian chronicles. Its territory included the Lower Volga valley and the Volga Delta, including most of what is now Astrakhan Oblast and the steppeland on the right bank of Volga in present-day Kalmykia. To the south was the Caspian Sea, to the east the Nogai Horde, and to the west Nogais who were theoretically subjects of the Crimean Khanate. Before the Khanate The area was a natural center since it was the intersection of the north–south trade route down the Volga to Persia and the east–west trade route north of the Casp ...
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Cuman Language
Cuman or Kuman (also called Kipchak, Qypchaq or Polovtsian, self referred to as Tatar () in Codex Cumanicus) was a West Kipchak Turkic language spoken by the Cumans (Polovtsy, Folban, Vallany, Kun) and Kipchaks; the language was similar to today's various languages of the West Kipchak branch. Cuman is documented in medieval works, including the Codex Cumanicus, and in early modern manuscripts, like the notebook of Benedictine monk Johannes ex Grafing. It was a literary language in Central and Eastern Europe that left a rich literary inheritance. The language became the main language (lingua franca) of the Golden Horde. History The Cumans were nomadic people who lived on the steppes of Eastern Europe, north of the Black Sea, before the Golden Horde. Many Turkic peoples including the Crimean Tatars, Nogais, Karachays, Kumyks, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks and Balkars, Manavs are descended from the Cumans. Today, the speakers of these various languages belonging to the ...
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