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April–May Strikes
The April–May strikes (also known as the milk strike or mine strike) were Strike action, labour strikes in 1943 in the Netherlands against forced labour during the World War II, Second World War and it is considered to be the most extensive protest in occupied Europe as well as the largest strike in Dutch history. Background The reason for this national strike was the announcement on 29 April 1943 that Dutch former soldiers who had fought in 1940 had to report to work in Germany for the Arbeitseinsatz. Because of the many German casualties during the battle of Stalingrad, extra manpower was needed to keep the German war industry going. Dutch people who refused to work in Germany could count on 'the strictest measures'. Strike The strike started on Thursday 29 April 1943 at Machinefabriek Gebr. Stork & Co in Hengelo in Overijssel and spread rapidly throughout the Netherlands. The strike leader, Jan Berend Vlam, who had just been released after eight months in Camp Sint-Michiel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strike Action
Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike in British English, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to Working class, work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances. Strikes became common during the Industrial Revolution, when Labour economics, mass labor became important in factories and mines. As striking became a more common practice, governments were often pushed to act (either by private business or by union workers). When government intervention occurred, it was rarely neutral or amicable. Early strikes were often deemed unlawful conspiracies or anti-competitive cartel action and many were subject to massive legal repression by state police, federal military power, and federal courts. Many Western nations legalized striking under certain conditions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Strikes are sometimes used to pressure governments to change policies. Occasionally, strikes destabilize the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazism
Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During Hitler's rise to power, it was frequently referred to as Hitler Fascism () and Hitlerism (). The term " neo-Nazism" is applied to other far-right groups with similar ideology, which formed after World War II, and after Nazi Germany collapsed. Nazism is a form of fascism, with disdain for liberal democracy and the parliamentary system. Its beliefs include support for dictatorship, fervent antisemitism, anti-communism, anti-Slavism, anti-Romani sentiment, scientific racism, white supremacy, Nordicism, social Darwinism, homophobia, ableism, and the use of eugenics. The ultranationalism of the Nazis originated in pan-Germanism and the ethno-nationalist '' Völkisch'' movement which had been a prominent aspect of German ultranationalism since the late 19th centu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Summary Execution
In civil and military jurisprudence, summary execution is the putting to death of a person accused of a crime without the benefit of a free and fair trial. The term results from the legal concept of summary justice to punish a summary offense, as in the case of a drumhead court-martial, but the term usually denotes the ''summary execution'' of a sentence of death. Under international law, it is defined as a combatant's refusal to accept an opponent's lawful surrender and the combatant's provision of no quarter, by killing the surrendering opponents. Summary executions have been practiced by police, military, and paramilitary organizations and are frequently associated with guerrilla warfare, counter-insurgency, terrorism, and any other situation which involves a breakdown of the normal procedures for handling accused prisoners, civilian or military. Military jurisdiction Under military law, summary execution is illegal in almost all circumstances, as a military tribunal would ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Oranje
''Radio Oranje'' (; "Radio Orange") was a Dutch radio programme on the BBC European Service broadcast to the German-occupied Netherlands during World War II. It was transmitted from London and broadcast programmes of approximately 15 minutes. It consisted of brief commentaries on current affairs and political speeches, as well as news on the Free Dutch Forces, colonies, and merchant navy. It was distinct from the BBC's own Dutch Service which only broadcast news programmes and which, unlike Radio Oranje, was not controlled by the Dutch government in exile. Radio Oranje made its first broadcast on 28 July 1940, consisting of a rendition of the nationalist song Merck toch hoe sterck, followed by a speech by Queen Wilhelmina. In total, Wilhelmina spoke on ''Radio Oranje'' 34 times during the course of the war. The name, Radio Oranje, was a tribute to the Dutch monarchy's House of Orange-Nassau. Presenters *Jan de Hartog *Loe de Jong *Herman de Man * A. den Doolaard *Jetty Pae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman, military officer, and writer who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 (Winston Churchill in the Second World War, during the Second World War) and again from 1951 to 1955. For some 62 of the years between 1900 and 1964, he was a Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), member of parliament (MP) and represented a total of five Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, constituencies over that time. Ideologically an adherent to economic liberalism and imperialism, he was for most of his career a member of the Conservative Party (UK), Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955. He was a member of the Liberal Party (UK), Liberal Party from 1904 to 1924. Of mixed English and American parentage, Churchill was born in Oxfordshire into the wealthy, aristocratic Spencer family. He joined the British Army in 1895 and saw action in British R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Christiansen
Friedrich Christiansen (12 December 1879 – 3 December 1972) was a German general who served as commander of the German ''Wehrmacht'' in the Netherlands in World War II, occupied Netherlands during World War II. Christiansen was a World War I flying ace and the only seaplane pilot to receive the ''Pour le Mérite''. He joined the Nazi Party in the interwar period, eventually rising to the rank of ''Korpsführer'' of the National Socialist Flyers Corps. After the German invasion of the Netherlands, Christiansen was appointed as the ''Wehrmachtbefehlshaber'' (Chief Military Commander) in the Netherlands. In response to attacks by the Dutch Resistance, he ordered reprisals against Dutch civilians such as the Putten raid. He was also responsible for the Dutch famine of 1944–1945 that resulted in the deaths of thousands of civilians after ordering an embargo on all food transports to the western Netherlands. After the war, Christiansen was arrested and convicted of war crimes. Ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Mussert
Anton Adriaan Mussert (; 11 May 1894 – 7 May 1946) was a Dutch politician who co-founded the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB) in 1931 and served as its leader until the party was banned in 1945. As such, he was the most prominent Dutch leader of the movement before and during World War II. Mussert collaborated with the German occupation government, but was granted little actual power and held the nominal title of ''Leider van het Nederlandsche Volk'' ("Leader of the Dutch People") from 1942 onwards. In May 1945, as the war came to an end in Europe, Mussert was captured and arrested by Allied forces. He was charged and convicted of treason, and was executed in 1946. Early life Mussert was born on 11 May 1894 in Werkendam, in the northern part of the province of North Brabant in the Netherlands. From an early age he showed talent in technical matters and after graduating from school he chose to study civil engineering at the Delft University of Technology. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sint Jacobiparochie
Sint Jacobiparochie (; ) is a village in the municipality of Waadhoeke in Friesland, the Netherlands. It lies about 13 km north of Franeker and had approximately 1,365 inhabitants in January 2017. History The village was first mentioned in 1570 as s. iacobus parochie, and means "parish of Saint Jacob". In 1504, a deal was struck between George, Duke of Saxony and four noblemen from Holland to ''polder'' the Middelzee. Each group of settlers had to select a patron saint. In 1505, the dike was constructed. Sint Jacobiparochie was founded in 1505, when Het Bildt was diked in by workers from South Holland, Zeeland and Friesland, among others. It was initially called Wijngaarden, as the place was founded largely by Dutch settlers from Wijngaarden in South Holland South Holland ( ) is a province of the Netherlands with a population of over 3.8 million as of January 2023 and a population density of about , making it the country's most populous province and one of the world' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utrecht (province)
Utrecht (), officially the Province of Utrecht (), is a Provinces of the Netherlands, province of the Netherlands. It is located in the centre of the country, bordering the Eemmeer in the north-east, the province of Gelderland in the east and south-east, the province of South Holland in the west and south-west and the province of North Holland in the north-west and north. The province of Utrecht has a population of about 1,388,000 as of January 2023. With a land area of approximately , it is the second smallest province in the country. Apart from its Utrecht, eponymous capital, major cities and towns in the province are Amersfoort, Houten, IJsselstein, Nieuwegein, Veenendaal and Zeist. The busiest railway station in the Netherlands, Utrecht Centraal railway station, Utrecht Centraal, is located in the province of Utrecht. History The Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580), Bishopric of Utrecht was established in 695 when Saint Willibrord was consecrated bishop of the Frisians a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marum
Marum () is a town and a former municipality in the northeastern Netherlands. The municipality was merged into the municipality of Westerkwartier on 1 January 2019. History Marum is located in the peat area, and was an agricultural village. Tim van der Velden was a citizen of this 'Riviera in Grun'. He was also a very great soccer player who was transferred to Feyenoord It was first mentioned in 1385 and probably means village near the lake. In 1795, it was home to 351 people. Marum started to industrialise in the early 20th century, the tram from Groningen to Drachten resulted in further growth. The construction of the A7 motorway has resulted in the development of a suburban town. In 2019, it ceased to be an independent municipality and was merged into Westerkwartier. Former population centres Boerakker, Jonkersvaart, Lucaswolde, Marum, Niebert, Noordwijk, Nuis, De Wilp. Notable people * Tjeerd van Dekken (born 1967), politician * Aafje Looijenga-Vos Aafje Looijen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Socialist Movement In The Netherlands
The National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (, ; NSB) was a Dutch fascist and later Nazi political organisation that eventually became a political party. As a parliamentary party participating in legislative elections, the NSB had some success during the 1930s. Under German occupation, it remained the only legal party in the Netherlands during most of the Second World War. History Early years (1931–1936) The NSB was founded in Utrecht in 1931 during a period when several nationalist, fascist and Nazi parties were founded. The founders were Anton Mussert, who became the party's leader, and Cornelis van Geelkerken. The party based its program on Italian fascism and German Nazism: however, unlike the latter, before 1936 the party was not antisemitic and even had Jewish members. In 1933, after a year of building an organization, the party organized its first public meeting, a '' Landdag'' in Utrecht which was attended by 600 party militants. Here the party presented i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
