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Anyanya
The Anyanya (also spelled Anya-Nya) were a southern Sudanese separatist rebel army formed during the First Sudanese Civil War (1955–1972). A separate movement that rose during the Second Sudanese Civil War were, in turn, called Anyanya II. ''Anyanya'' means "snake venom" in the Ma'di language.Wells, Victor C. and Samuel P. Dilla, December 1993,Colonization, Arabization, Slavery, and War, and War Against Indigenous Peoples of Southern Sudan" Fourth World Bulletin, Vol.3, No.1 History The Anyanya was founded in 1963, as the Pojulu, Moru, Nuer, Lotuko, Madi, Bari, Acholi, Zande, Dinka, and other tribes from southern Sudan waged a war against the Sudanese government. The foundation took place after a meeting between southern politicians and military at the residence of Joseph Oduho in Kampala on August 19. Those present included Joseph Lagu, George Akumbek, Julius Moroga, and Severino Fuli. The Anyanya launched their first organized military offensive against the Sudane ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
First Sudanese Civil War
The First Sudanese Civil War (also known as the Anyanya Rebellion or Anyanya I, after the name of the rebels, a term in the Madi language which means 'snake venom') was fought from 1955 to 1972 between the northern part of Sudan and the southern Sudan region which demanded representation and more regional autonomy. The war was divided into four major stages: initial guerrilla warfare, the creation of the Anyanya insurgency, political strife within the government, and establishment of the Southern Sudan Liberation Movement. Around a million people died over the course of the nearly 17-year long war. Although the Addis Ababa Agreement ended the war in 1972, it failed to completely dispel the tensions and addressed only some of the issues stated by southern Sudan. The breakdown of the initial appeasement later led to a reigniting of the north–south conflict during the Second Sudanese Civil War, which lasted from 1983 to 2005. Background Colonial era Until 1956, the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Gordon Muortat Mayen
Gordon Muortat Mayen Maborjok (1922–2008) was a Sudanese revolutionary and politician and advocate for Southern Sudan's independence. He was the President of the Nile Provisional Government (NPG) which led the Anyanya during the First Sudanese Civil War. Muortat also served as Vice-President of the Southern Front (Sudan), Southern Front (SF) and Foreign Minister in the Southern Sudan Provisional Government (SSPG). Early life Gordon Muortat Mayen was born in 1922 at Karagok village 10 miles South East of Rumbek. His father was a local chief of Patiop Clan of the Agar Dinka people, Dinka. Muortat was educated at Akot elementary from 1936 to 1942. He then attended Loka Nugent Junior Secondary School in Western Equatoria from 1942 to 1945. In 1951 he was among the first southern Sudanese to graduate from Sudan Police College and was commissioned as a police inspector where he rose through the ranks to become Chief Inspector of Police. Political career In 1957, Muortat was den ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Anyanya II
Anyanya II is the name taken in 1978 by a group of the 64 tribes of South Sudan dissidents who took up arms in All of Sudan. The name implies continuity with the Anyanya, or Anya-Nya, movement of the First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972). When the Addis Ababa Agreement fell apart in 1983, marking the beginning of the Second Sudanese Civil War, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) was founded. Competition between Anyanya II and the SPLM/A led to the eventual defeat of Anyanya II. Some of its members were incorporated into the ranks of the SPLM/A, and others were consolidated into a militia supported by the government of Sudan.Wells, Victor C. and Samuel P. Dilla, December 1993,Colonization, Arabization, Slavery, and War, and War Against Indigenous Peoples of Southern Sudan" Fourth World Bulletin, Vol.3, No.1 Those who did not join either came to form, along with tribal militias that emerged in response to the lawlessness of some SPLM/A units, the South Sudan Defens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Joseph Lagu
Joseph Lagu (born 26 November 1929 in a hamlet called Momokwe in Moli, northern region of Madiland, about 80 miles south of Juba, Sudan, currently South Sudan) is a South Sudanese military figure and politician. He belongs to the Madi ethnic group of Eastern Equatoria, South Sudan. In May 1960 he graduated from the military college in Omdurman and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Sudanese Army and was posted to Shendi with the 10th Brigade, Northern Command. Lagu served as the second President of the High Executive Council of the autonomous region of Southern Sudan between 1978 and 1979. Civil war On 4 June 1963 he defected from the army and joined the southern Sudanese resistance movement against the government of Sudan. In September 1963, he founded Anyanya, the military wing of the resistance movement, named after a deadly poison. Anyanya reinvigorated the movement that erupted on 18 August 1955 and continued the fight against the Sudanese government in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Madi People
The Madi or Màdí are a Central Sudanic languages, Central Sudanic speaking people that live in Magwi County in Eastern Equatoria, South Sudan and the districts of Adjumani and Moyo District, Moyo in Uganda. From south to north, the area runs from Nimule, at the South Sudan Uganda border, to Nyolo River where the Madi mingle with the Acholi, the Bari, and the Lolubo. From the east to west, it runs from Parajok/Magwi to Uganda across the River Nile. Language The speakers refer to themselves as ''Madi'' ("people"). the letter ''d'' is an implosive sound. The speakers refer to their language as ''madi ti'', literally meaning ''Madi mouth''. Among themselves, Madi refer to each other as belonging to a ''suru'' (tribe), which may further be broken down to ''pa'' (clan), which in some cases overlaps with ''suru''. While a Madi can only marry someone from outside their clan, they must normally marry within the group that shares the Madi language. Many neighboring speakers of Moru–M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Second Sudanese Civil War
The Second Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement, Sudan People's Liberation Army. It was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. Although it originated in southern Sudan, the civil war spread to the Nuba mountains and the Blue Nile. It lasted for almost 22 years and is one of the longest civil wars on record. The war resulted in the independence of South Sudan 6 years after the war ended. Roughly two million people died as a result of war, famine and disease caused by the conflict. Four million people in southern Sudan were Refugees, displaced at least once, normally repeatedly during the war. The civilian death toll is one of the highest of any war since World War II and was marked by numerous Human rights, human rights violations, including Slavery in Sudan, slavery and mass killings. Background and causes Wars in Sudan are often characteriz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
John Garang
John Garang De Mabior (June 23, 1945 – July 30, 2005) was a Sudanese politician and revolutionary leader. From 1983 to 2005, he led the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M, Now known as South Sudan People's Defense Forces) as a commander in chief during the Second Sudanese Civil War. He served as First Vice President of Sudan for three weeks, from the comprehensive peace agreement of 2005 until his death in a helicopter crash on July 30, 2005. A developmental economist by profession, Garang was one of the major influences on the movement that led to the foundation of South Sudan’s independence from the rule of Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir. Early life and education John Garang was born on 23 June 1945 into a poor family in Wangulei village, Twic East County, in the Upper Nile region of Sudan. A member of the Dinka ethnic group and an orphan by the age of ten, he had his fees for school paid by a relative, going to schools in Wau and then Rumbek. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Idi Amin
Idi Amin Dada Oumee (, ; 30 May 192816 August 2003) was a Ugandan military officer and politician who served as the third president of Uganda from 1971 until Uganda–Tanzania War, his overthrow in 1979. He ruled as a Military dictatorship, military dictator and is considered one of the most brutal Despotism, despots in modern world history. Amin was born to a Kakwa people, Kakwa father and Lugbara people, Lugbara mother. In 1946, he joined the King's African Rifles (KAR) of the British Colonial Army as a cook. He rose to the rank of lieutenant, taking part in British Empire, British actions against Somali rebels and then the Mau Mau rebellion, Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya Colony, Kenya. Uganda gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1962, and Amin remained in the Uganda Army (1962–1971), army, rising to the position of deputy army commander in 1964 and being appointed commander two years later. He became aware that Ugandan president Milton Obote was planning to arrest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Joseph Oduho
Joseph Oduho Haworu (15 December 1927 – 27 March 1993) was a leading politician from southern Sudan (today South Sudan) who was active in the struggle for independence and a founding member of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM). Early years 1927–1960 Joseph Oduho was born into the Otuho tribe community of Lobira situated in what is now Torit County, Eastern Equatoria, in the Republic of South Sudan on 15 December 1927. He was educated at Isoke Catholic Missionary Elementary School and Okaru Catholic Intermediate School, and became one of the first students at Rumbek Secondary School. He studied in Nyapeya in Uganda, then in Bakht Al Ruda Teacher's Institute, earning a Diploma in teaching in 1950. Following this he was a headmaster in intermediate schools in Maridi, Okaru and P'Lotaha. In 1953 Joseph Oduho led a protest against the lack of representation of southern Sudanese non-Arab people in the negotiations over Sudan's independence. He was ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Oliver Batali Albino
Oliver Batali Albino (11 November 1935 – 4 January 2020) was a South Sudanese politician and civil servant. Background Oliver Albino was born on 11 November 1935 in Yei, South Sudan. He was a member of the Makaraka people , Makaraka or Adio ethnic group in the Yei – Maridi area of Central Equatoria, closely related to the Zande people , Azande ethnic group. He completed secondary school in Rumbek and studied at the University of Khartoum. In the early 1960s he went in exile and joined the Anyanya , Anya-Nya resistance movement in Kenya. In 1965 Oliver Albino became part of the Sudan African National Union (SANU) in Uganda. In the late 1960s and early 1970s he was a teacher at a secondary school in Gulu, northern Uganda. During that period he wrote his first book, ''The Sudan: a Southern Viewpoint'' (Oxford University Press, 1970). Oliver Albino was also a member of the Southern Sudan Liberation Movement’s delegation to the Addis Ababa Agreement (1972) , Addis Ababa pea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Dinka
The Dinka people () are a Nilotic ethnic group native to South Sudan. The Dinka mostly live along the Nile, from Mangalla-Bor to Renk, in the region of Bahr el Ghazal, Upper Nile (two out of three provinces that were formerly part of southern Sudan), and the Abyei area of the Ngok Dinka in South Sudan. They number around 4.5 million, according to the 2008 Sudan census, constituting about 40% of the population of that country and the largest ethnic group in South Sudan. The Dinka refer to themselves as (singular) and (plural). Origins The Dinka originated from the Gezira in what became Sudan. In medieval times this region was ruled by the kingdom of Alodia, a Christian, multi-ethnic empire in Nubia. Living in its southern periphery and interacting with the Nubians, the Dinka absorbed a sizable amount of Nubian vocabulary. From the 13th century, with the disintegration of Alodia, the Dinka began to migrate out of Gezira, fleeing slave raids, military conflict, and droughts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Milton Obote
Apollo Milton Obote (28 December 1925 – 10 October 2005) was a Ugandan politician who served as the second prime minister of Uganda from 1962 to 1966 and the second president of Uganda from 1966 to 1971 and later from 1980 to 1985. A Lango, Obote studied at the Busoga College and Makerere University. In 1956, he joined the Uganda National Congress (UNC) and later split away by founding the Uganda People's Congress (UPC) in 1960. After Uganda gained independence from British colonial rule in 1962, Obote was sworn in as prime minister in a coalition with the Kabaka Yekka, whose leader Mutesa II was named president. Due to a rift with Mutesa over the 1964 Ugandan lost counties referendum and later getting implicated in a gold smuggling scandal, Obote overthrew him in 1966 and declared himself president, establishing a dictatorial regime with the UPC as the sole official party in 1969. As president, Obote implemented ostensibly socialist policies, under which the coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
