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Antun Knežević
Fra Antun Knežević (9 January 1834 – 22 September 1889) was a Bosnian Franciscan friar, historian and writer from Varcar Vakuf ow Mrkonjić Grad Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was a proponent of Bosnian national identity, while being an active member of the Illyrian Movement. Early life and education Born in Varcar Vakuf (today Mrkonjić Grad) in 1834, his father Anto came from the town of Uskoplje, and his mother was Agata Stipić (née Ivekić) from Varcar Vakuf. His father died early, and he was raised by his uncle from his father's side, Fra Grgo Knežević, who was buried in Ivanjska village. Fra Antun Knežević studied in Fojnica, Rome, and Siena and became friar on 26 April 1851. His first Mass was on 21 September 1856. Views, opinions and engagements Antun Knežević was one of the main proponents of Bosnian nationhood, and he fiercely advocated against imminent '' Croatization'' of Bosnian Catholics on one side, as well as imminent '' Serbianization'' of Bosnia ...
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Mrkonjić Grad
Mrkonjić Grad ( sr-cyrl, Мркоњић Град, ) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the Bosanska Krajina region, between Banja Luka and Jajce. As of 2013, the municipality has a population of 16,671 inhabitants, while the town of Mrkonjić Grad has a population of 7,915 inhabitants. Name The town changed its name several times in history: Gornje Kloke, Novo Jajce, Varcarev Vakuf, Varcar Vakuf, and ultimately the present one. The last renaming took place in 1924 after King Peter I of Serbia, who had taken the ''Pseudonym#Noms de guerre, nom de guerre'' "Mrkonjić" while fighting in the uprising (1875–78) against the Ottoman Empire. History From 1929 to 1941, Mrkonjić Grad was part of the Vrbas Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. When the German and Italian Independent State of Croatia#Zones of influence, Zones of Influence were revised on 24 June 1942, Varcar Vakuf fell in , administered civilly by Croatia and milit ...
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Siena
Siena ( , ; traditionally spelled Sienna in English; ) is a city in Tuscany, in central Italy, and the capital of the province of Siena. It is the twelfth most populated city in the region by number of inhabitants, with a population of 52,991 as of 2025. The city is historically linked to commercial and banking activities, having been a major banking centre until the 13th and 14th centuries. Siena is also home to the List of oldest banks in continuous operation, oldest bank in the world, the Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, Monte dei Paschi, which has been operating continuously since . Several significant Mediaeval and Renaissance painters were born and worked in Siena, among them Duccio di Buoninsegna, Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Simone Martini and Stefano di Giovanni, Sassetta, and influenced the course of Italian and European art. The University of Siena, originally called ''Studium Senese'', was founded in 1240, making it one of the List of oldest universities in continuous oper ...
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Assumption Of The Blessed Virgin Mary In Jajce
The Church of the Assumption () is a Roman Catholic church in Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina. References Jajce Jajce ( sr-Cyrl, Јајце) is a town and municipality in the Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 2013 census, the town has a population of 7,172 inhabitants, wi ...
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Đakovo
Đakovo (; , , sr-Cyrl, Ђаково) is a town in the region of Slavonia, Croatia. Đakovo is the centre of the fertile and rich Đakovo region ( ). Etymology The etymology of the name is the (diákos) in Slavic form đak (pupil). The Hungarian ''diák'' word has the same Greek origin and it is uncertain whether the name came directly from Greek, Hungarian, or local Slavic form. History In Roman antiquity the settlement ''Certissia'' stood on the same spot until it disappeared during the Migration Period. The settlement's first mention in historical documents dates from 1239 when Béla IV of Hungary granted it to the Diocese of Bosnia (), and the Bishop moved his seat here in 1246. The predecessor to the newer St. Peter's Cathedral was built in 1355. In 1374 the settlement is documented under the name ''Dyacou''. Croatian rebels in 1386 on 25 July captured Queen Mary of Hungary and her mother Elizabeth near the settlement. The Ottoman rule over Đakovo started in 1536 ...
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Guča Gora
Guča (Serbian Cyrillic: Гуча, pronounced ) is a small town near the city of Čačak, located in the Lučani municipality, Moravica District, in the Dragačevo region of western Serbia. As of 2022 census, it has a population of 3,185 inhabitants. It is famous for its annual Guča trumpet festival, which is held in town and is attended by several hundred thousand visitors each year. Administrative divisions Guča was a separate municipality until 1965, when it was incorporated into the municipality of Lučani. For census purposes, Guča is divided into two adjacent settlements, northern Guča (selo) (lit. Guča Village, population 1,694) and southern Guča (varošica) (lit. Guča Town, 1,491), separated by the Bjelica river. Guča trumpet festival The town's Guča trumpet festival, also known as the Dragačevo Assembly, is an annual trumpet festival that began in 1961 as a gathering of local trumpet players next to Guča’s St Archangel Gabriel Church. The festival brings mo ...
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Lector
Lector is Latin for one who reads, whether aloud or not. In modern languages it takes various forms, as either a development or a loan, such as , , and . It has various specialized uses. Academic The title ''lector'' may be applied to lecturers and readers at some universities. There is also the title ''lector jubilate'', which is an equivalent of Doctor of Divinity. In the teaching of modern languages at universities in the United Kingdom, a native speaker who assists with language skills would be called a lector, and if a female she may be called a lectrice. In Dutch higher education the title ''lector'' is used for the leader of a research group (''lectoraat'') at a university of applied sciences. The title is officially translated to ''professor'' in English. The lector has a comparable set of tasks as (higher ranked) full professors at a (research) university, albeit at an applied rather than a fundamental scientific level. Ecclesiastical A religious reader is sometimes ...
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Livno
Livno ( Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ''Ливно'', ) is a town and the administrative center of the Township of Livno and Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated on the river Bistrica at the southeastern edge of the Livno Field at the foot of Kruzi plateau which is located beneath the Cincar mountain and rocky hill Crvenice. Livno is the centre of the Canton 10 which mainly covers an area of the historical and geographical region of Tropolje. As of 2013, it has a population of 37,487 inhabitants. The town, with its historic ruins and old city from the 9th century, was first mentioned in 892, developing at the crossroads between the Adriatic coast and inland, i.e., regions of Bosnia, Dalmatia, Herzegovina, and Krajina. History The plains of Livno have been populated since approximately 2000 BC. In the late Bronze Age, the Neolithic population was replaced by more Indo-European tribes known as the Illyrians. T ...
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Bugojno
Bugojno ( sr-cyrl, Бугојно) is a town and municipality in the Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated on the river Vrbas, to the northwest of Sarajevo. According to the 2013 census, the town has a population of 15,555 inhabitants, with 31,470 inhabitants in the municipality. To the west towards Kupres is a region called Koprivnica. This enormous forest was once one of President Tito's favorite hunting spots. The uninhabited dense forest has created a sanctuary for wild animals. Hunting associations are very active in this region and there are many mountain and hunting lodges dotting the forest. Duboka Valley (lit. "deep valley") is a designated hunting area covered by thick spruce. Kalin Mountain is a popular weekend area for hikers and nature lovers. History When the German and Italian Zones of Influence were revised on 24 June 1942, Bugojno fell in , administered civilly by Croatia and m ...
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Franciscan Monastery In Jajce
Franciscan monastery of Saint Luke is a Franciscan monastery in Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The construction began in 1877 and finished in 1885. In 1934-1935 the monastery was renovated by Karel Pařík. Franciscans in the 1970s tried to return the bones of St. Luke in Jajce, and since then the monastery carries the name of this evangelist. History Franciscans were present in Jajce from the Middle Ages, it is known that they had the St. Mary's Church with the St Luke's bell tower in the 15th century. The church was turned into a mosque at the arrival of the Turks. The bell tower is fully preserved, while the church was burnt down many times and now it is just a ruin. In 1888, the archeologist Ćiro Truhelka excavated a male skeleton with the skull separated from the body. The excavation was made on a hill that is called ''Kraljev grob'' (King's tomb) in Zastinje near Jajce, under a stećak. Although there is no direct evidence, it is believed that the skeleton belongs to St ...
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Austro-Hungarian Occupation Of Bosnia And Herzegovina
The campaign to establish Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina lasted from 29 July to 20 October 1878 against the local resistance fighters, Muslims and orthodox Serbs, supported unofficially by troops of the Ottoman Empire. The Austro-Hungarian Army entered the country in two large movements: one from the north into Bosnia (region), Bosnia, and another from the south into Herzegovina. A series of battles in August culminated in the fall of Sarajevo on the 19 August after a day of Urban warfare, street-to-street fighting. In the hilly countryside a Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla campaign continued until the last rebel stronghold fell after their leader was captured. Background Following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, the Congress of Berlin was organized by the new German Empire for the Great Powers, on demand of the British Empire. By article 25 of the resulting Treaty of Berlin (1878), Treaty of Berlin (13 July 1878), Bosnia and Herzegovina remained under the s ...
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Vilayet Of Bosnia
The Bosnia Vilayet (Serbo-Croatian: Bosanski vilajet/Vilajet Bosna) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire, mostly comprising the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with minor parts of modern Montenegro. It bordered Kosovo Vilayet to the south. Before the administrative reform in 1867, it was called the Bosnia Eyalet. In the late 19th century it reportedly had an area of .Europe
by Éliseé Reclus, page 152
It effectively ceased to exist as an Ottoman province after the

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Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is an American 501(c)(3) organization, non-profit organization founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle that runs a digital library website, archive.org. It provides free access to collections of digitized media including websites, Application software, software applications, music, audiovisual, and print materials. The Archive also advocates a Information wants to be free, free and open Internet. Its mission is committing to provide "universal access to all knowledge". The Internet Archive allows the public to upload and download digital material to its data cluster, but the bulk of its data is collected automatically by its web crawlers, which work to preserve as much of the public web as possible. Its web archiving, web archive, the Wayback Machine, contains hundreds of billions of web captures. The Archive also oversees numerous Internet Archive#Book collections, book digitization projects, collectively one of the world's largest book digitization efforts. ...
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