Antoine II Coëffier De Ruzé
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Antoine II Coëffier De Ruzé
Antoine II Coëffier (or Coiffier) de Ruzé (or Coiffier-Ruzé), Marquis d'Effiat, was a French aristocrat who born in 1638 or 1639 and died in Paris in June 1719. A grand seigneur with possessions in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Auvergne, Loire Valley, and Paris regions, he was a member of the court at Palace of Versailles, Versailles and a keen hunter on his lands and those of the House of Orléans. A member of the household of the two successive Duke of Orléans, Dukes of Orléans, he has a sulfurous reputation due to his relationships with them. As one of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, Philippe I's favorite homosexuals, he was involved in many intrigues, notably against Philippe's two successive wives. Members of the court suspected him of having poisoned Philippe's first wife, Henrietta of England, and he was an enemy of the second, Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine, Princess Palatine Elisabeth-Charlotte of Bavaria. She refused to allow him to be governor to her son, the future ...
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Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, fourth-most populous city in the European Union and the List of cities proper by population density, 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, culture, Fashion capital, fashion, and gastronomy. Because of its leading role in the French art, arts and Science and technology in France, sciences and its early adoption of extensive street lighting, Paris became known as the City of Light in the 19th century. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 inhabitants in January 2023, or ...
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