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André Vansteenberghe
André Vansteenberghe (16 April 1906 - 6 November 1984) was a Physician, general medical practitioner and a leading member of the French Resistance in southern France during World War II. Biography He was born in Orléans. His father was a clerk in the local tobacco factory. He worked as a medical student in hospitals in Lyon in 1926, followed by a period as an intern in Saint Étienne in 1929, returning to Lyon as an intern that year until he obtained his doctorate from ''Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, la faculté de médecine de Lyon'' in November 1932. During his studies he had met Alice Vansteenberghe, Alice Joly - a fellow medical student on his course - and they married at Lyon town hall on 21 October, 1929. In December 1932, they moved into a first-floor flat on 3 avenue Aristide-Briand, Villeurbanne, where they had separate offices in a home-based general practice. He offered free municipal medical care in Villeurbanne and lectured in hygiene at the local universit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marseille
Marseille (; ; see #Name, below) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region. Situated in the Provence region, it is located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, near the mouth of the Rhône river. Marseille is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, second-most populous city proper in France, after Paris, with 873,076 inhabitants in 2021. Marseille with its suburbs and exurbs create the Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis, with a population of 1,911,311 at the 2021 census. Founded by Greek settlers from Phocaea, Marseille is the oldest city in France, as well as one of Europe's List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited settlements. It was known to the ancient Greeks as ''Massalia'' and to ancient Romans, Romans as ''Massilia''. Marseille has been a trading port since ancient ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Underground Media In German-occupied France
The clandestine press of the French Resistance was collectively responsible for printing flyers, broadsheets, newspapers, and even books in secret in France during the German occupation of France in the World War II, Second World War. The secret press was used to disseminate the ideas of the French Resistance in cooperation with the Free French, and played an important role in the liberation of France and in the history of French journalism, particularly during the . History Counterpropaganda such as leaflets, broadsheets (such as the first pages of the ), brochures, posters, and clandestine newspapers began to appear in France. In September 1941, German police in Paris reported discovering leaflets written in German and co-signed by the Communist Parties of Communist Party of Germany, Germany (KPD) and Austrian Communist Party, Austria (KPÖ). On 10 July 1942, General Karl Oberg posted a notice in every town hall in the Occupied zone announcing penalties applicable to the fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Légion D’Honneur
The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and Civil society, civil. Currently consisting of five classes, it was originally established in 1802 by Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte, and it has been retained (with occasional slight alterations) by all later French governments and regimes. The order's motto is ' ("Honour and Fatherland"); its Seat (legal entity), seat is the Palais de la Légion d'Honneur next to the Musée d'Orsay, on the left bank of the Seine in Paris. Since 1 February 2023, the Order's grand chancellor has been retired General François Lecointre, who succeeded fellow retired General Benoît Puga in office. The order is divided into five degrees of increasing distinction: ' (Knight), ' (Officer), ' (Commander (order), Commander), ' (Grand Officer) and ' (Grand Cross). History Consulate During the French Revolution, all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Part-Dieu
La Part-Dieu () is a quarter in the 3rd arrondissement of Lyon, France. It is the second-largest Tertiary sector of the economy, tertiary district in France, after La Défense in Grand Paris, Greater Paris. The area also contains Lyon's primary railway station, Lyon-Part-Dieu station, La Part-Dieu. This urban centre also provides major entertainment and cultural facilities, including La Part-Dieu (shopping mall), one of the largest urban shopping malls in Europe, 800 shops, Paul Bocuse indoor food market, café terraces, the Auditorium concert hall, Bourse du Travail (Lyon), Bourse du Travail theatre, Municipal Library, Departmental Archives and Fort Montluc. It contains several High-rise buildings, including the Tour Incity (), the Tour To-Lyon () and the Tour Part-Dieu (). The central business district is currently undergoing major renovation and construction works, according to a revitalization project totalling €2.5 billion between public and private investments. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klaus Barbie
Nikolaus Barbie (25 October 1913 – 25 September 1991) was a German officer of the ''Schutzstaffel'' and ''Sicherheitsdienst'' who worked in Vichy France during World War II. He became known as the "Butcher of Lyon" for having personally tortured prisoners—primarily Jews and members of the French Resistance—as the head of the Gestapo in Lyon. After the war, United States Intelligence Community, United States intelligence services employed him for his Anti-communism, anti-communist efforts and aided his escape to Bolivia, where he advised History of Bolivia (1964–1982), the dictatorial regime on how to repress opposition through torture. In 1983, the United States apologised to France for the U.S. Counterintelligence Corps helping him escape to Bolivia, aiding Barbie's escape from an outstanding arrest warrant. In 1972, it was discovered he was in Bolivia. While in Bolivia, the Bundesnachrichtendienst, West German Intelligence Service recruited him. Barbie is suspected of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montluc Prison
Montluc prison () is a former prison located on rue Jeanne Hachette in the Arrondissements of Lyon, 3rd arrondissement of Lyon, France. It was known for being an internment, torture and killing place by the Gestapo during the German military administration in occupied France during World War II, occupation of France by the Nazi Germany, Nazis. History Built in 1921 for use as a military prison, after Case Anton, the invasion of the Zone libre, unoccupied zone of Vichy France in November 1942, the Gestapo used it as a prison, interrogation centre and internment camp for those waiting for transfer to Nazi concentration camps, concentration camps. It is estimated that over 15,000 people were imprisoned in Montluc, and over 900 of them were executed within it. In mid-August 1944, prisoners from Montluc were taken to Lyon–Bron Airport, Bron Airfield where 109 of them, including 72 Jews, were killed in what would become known as ''Le Charnier de Bron'' ("The Charnel house of Bron"). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalitarianism, totalitarian dictatorship. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945, after 12 years, when the Allies of World War II, Allies defeated Germany and entered the capital, Berlin, End of World War II in Europe, ending World War II in Europe. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi Party began to eliminate political opposition and consolidate power. A 1934 German referendum confirmed Hitler as sole ''Führer'' (leader). Power was centralised in Hitler's person, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gestapo
The (, ), Syllabic abbreviation, abbreviated Gestapo (), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Free State of Prussia, Prussia into one organisation. On 20 April 1934, oversight of the Gestapo passed to the head of the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS), Heinrich Himmler, who was also appointed Chief of German Police by Hitler in 1936. Instead of being exclusively a Prussian state agency, the Gestapo became a national one as a sub-office of the (SiPo; Security Police). From 27 September 1939, it was administered by the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). It became known as (Dept) 4 of the RSHA and was considered a sister organisation to the (SD; Security Service). The Gestapo committed widespread atrocities during its existence. The power of the Gestapo was used to focus upon political opponents, ideological dissenters (clergy and religious org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles De Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 18909 November 1970) was a French general and statesman who led the Free France, Free French Forces against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 to restore democracy in France. In 1958, amid the May 1958 crisis in France, Algiers putsch, he came out of retirement when appointed Prime Minister of France, Prime Minister by President René Coty. He rewrote the Constitution of France and founded the French Fifth Republic, Fifth Republic after approval by 1958 French constitutional referendum, referendum. He was elected President of France later that year, a position he held until his resignation in 1969. Born in Lille, he was a decorated officer of World War I, wounded several times and taken prisoner of war (POW) by the Germans. During the interwar period, he advocated mobile armoured divisions. During the German invasion of May 1940, he led an armoured divisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Moulin
Jean Pierre Moulin (; 20 June 1899 – 8 July 1943) was a French civil servant and hero of the French Resistance who succeeded in unifying the main networks of the Resistance in World War II, a unique act in Europe. He served as the first President of the National Council of the Resistance from 27 May 1943 until his death less than two months later. A prefect in the Aveyron (1937–1939) and Eure-et-Loir (1939–1940) departments, he is remembered today as one of the main heroes of the French Resistance and for his efforts to unify it under Charles de Gaulle. He was tortured by German officer Klaus Barbie while in Gestapo custody. His death was registered at Metz railway station. Early life Jean Moulin was born at 6 Rue d'Alsace in Béziers, Hérault, son of Antoine-Émile Moulin and Blanche Élisabeth Pègue. He was the grandson of an insurgent opposing the coup d'état of 2 December 1851. His father was a lay teacher at the Université Populaire and a Freemason at the lod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoine Avinin
Antoine Louis Avinin (26 January 1902 – 29 October 1962) [aliases Albert Arnaud, Albert Anceau, Albert Audin, Talbert] was a French businessman, resistance fighter and politician. Biography He was born in Lyon. His parents owned a food trading business in Cantal. He went to boarding school with the Society of Mary (Marianists), Marist fathers of :fr:Fleurieu-sur-Saône#Enseignements, Notre-Dame de Bellegarde college in Neuville-sur-Saône. He completed first part of his baccalaureat before entering employment as a bank clerk and a chemist's assistant. He began national military service with the '':fr:7e bataillon de chasseurs alpins, 7e bataillon de chasseurs alpins'' in Bourg-Saint-Maurice. He trained as an officer at the :fr:École nationale des sous-officiers d'active, Saint-Maixent officer cadet course, leaving as a second lieutenant in 1922, after which his mother bought him a small factory in Villeurbanne, Lyon, where he began a clothing factory with a business partner. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yvon Morandat
Yvon Morandat (25 December 1913 in Buellas – 8 December 1972) [aliases "Léo", "Mareuil" and "Arnolphe"] was a trade union leader, a member of the French Resistance as an SOE RF Section/''Bureau central de renseignements et d'action'' operative and a French politician. Biography Morandat was born into a family of small farmers in Ain, France. After gaining his Certificat d'études primaires, end of primary school certificate, he became a farmhand and was an activist for '':fr:Jeunesse agricole catholique, Jeunesse agricole catholique''. He left the farm to become a shop assistant in a hardware store in Buellas and then a salesman in a department store in Chambéry, and remained an active trade unionist. In 1937, he became the general secretary of the ''Syndicats Chrétiens de la Savoie'' (Christian unions of Savoy). At the outbreak of World War II in 1939, he was in a ''Chasseurs Alpins'' unit and volunteered for a Battles of Narvik, Norwegian expedition in Narvik in the spring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
