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Andrey Markov
Andrey Andreyevich Markov (14 June 1856 – 20 July 1922) was a Russian mathematician best known for his work on stochastic processes. A primary subject of his research later became known as the Markov chain. He was also a strong, close to master-level, chess player. Markov and his younger brother Vladimir Markov (mathematician), Vladimir Andreyevich Markov (1871–1897) proved the Markov brothers' inequality. His son, another Andrey Markov (Soviet mathematician), Andrey Andreyevich Markov (1903–1979), was also a notable mathematician, making contributions to constructive mathematics and Recursion#Functional recursion, recursive function theory. Biography Andrey Markov was born on 14 June 1856 in Russia. He attended the St. Petersburg Grammar School, where some teachers saw him as a rebellious student. In his academics he performed poorly in most subjects other than mathematics. Later in life he attended Saint Petersburg Imperial University (now Saint Petersburg State Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Style
Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, they refer to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various Europe, European countries between 1582 and 1923. In England, Wales, Ireland and British America, Britain's American colonies, there were two calendar changes, both in 1752. The first adjusted the start of a new year from 25 March (Lady Day, the Feast of the Annunciation) to 1 January, a change which Scotland had made in 1600. The second discarded the Julian calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar, skipping 11 days in the month of September to do so.. "Before 1752, parish registers, in addition to a new year heading after 24th March showing, for example '1733', had another heading at the end of the following December indicating '1733/4'. This showed where the Historical Year 1734 started even though the Civil Year 1733 continued until 24th March. ... We as h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Tamarkin
Jacob David Tamarkin (, ; 11 July 1888 – 18 November 1945) was a Russian-American mathematician, best known for his work in mathematical analysis. Biography Tamarkin was born in Chernigov, Russian Empire (now Chernihiv, Ukraine), to a wealthy Jewish family. His father, David Tamarkin, was a physician and his mother, Sophie Krassilschikov, was from a family of a landowner. He shares a common ancestor with the Van Leer family, sometimes spelled Von Löhr or Valar. He moved to St. Petersburg as a child and grew up there. In high school, he befriended Alexander Friedmann, a future cosmologist, with whom he wrote his first mathematics paper in 1906, and remained friends and colleagues until Friedmann's sudden death in 1925. Vladimir Smirnov was his other friend from the same gymnasium. Many years later, they coauthored a popular textbook titled "A course in higher mathematics". Tamarkin studied in St. Petersburg University where he defended his dissertation in 1917. His advi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksandr Korkin
Aleksandr Nikolayevich Korkin (; – ) was a Russian mathematician. He made contribution to the development of partial differential equations, and was second only to Chebyshev among the founders of the Saint Petersburg Mathematical School. Among others, his students included Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev Yegor (Egor) Ivanovich Zolotaryov () (31 March 1847, Saint Petersburg – 19 July 1878, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian mathematician. Biography Yegor was born as a son of Agafya Izotovna Zolotaryova and the merchant Ivan Vasilevich Zolotary .... Some publications * * * References External links * *Korkin's Biography, the St. Petersburg University Pages (in Russian, but with an image) 1837 births 1908 deaths People from Vologda Oblast People from Vologda Governorate 19th-century mathematicians from the Russian Empire Mathematical analysts {{Russia-mathematician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Number Theory
Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic functions. Number theorists study prime numbers as well as the properties of mathematical objects constructed from integers (for example, rational numbers), or defined as generalizations of the integers (for example, algebraic integers). Integers can be considered either in themselves or as solutions to equations (Diophantine geometry). Questions in number theory can often be understood through the study of Complex analysis, analytical objects, such as the Riemann zeta function, that encode properties of the integers, primes or other number-theoretic objects in some fashion (analytic number theory). One may also study real numbers in relation to rational numbers, as for instance how irrational numbers can be approximated by fractions (Diophantine approximation). Number theory is one of the oldest branches of mathematics alongside geometry. One quirk of number theory is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konstantin Posse
__notoc__ Konstantin Alexandrovich Posse (; September 29, 1847 – August 24, 1928) was a Russian mathematician known for contributions to analysis and in particular approximation theory In mathematics, approximation theory is concerned with how function (mathematics), functions can best be approximation, approximated with simpler functions, and with quantitative property, quantitatively characterization (mathematics), characteri .... Veniamin Kagan and D. D. Morduhai-Boltovskoi were among his students. Selected publications * * Notes Further reading * External links * 1847 births 1928 deaths Mathematical analysts Approximation theorists 19th-century mathematicians from the Russian Empire 20th-century Russian mathematicians Academic staff of Odesa University Saint Petersburg State University alumni {{Russia-mathematician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yulian Sokhotski
Julian Karol Sochocki (; ; February 2, 1842, in Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire – December 14, 1927, in Leningrad, Soviet Union) was a Polish-Russian mathematician. His name is sometimes transliterated from Russian in several different ways (e.g. Sokhotski or Sochotski). Life and work Sochocki was born in Warsaw under the Russian domination to a Polish family, where he attended state gymnasium. In 1860 he registered at the physico-mathematical department of St Petersburg University. His study there was interrupted for the period 1860–1865 because of his involvement with Polish patriotic movement: he had to return to Warsaw to escape prosecution. In 1866 he graduated from the Department of Physics and Mathematics at the University of Saint Petersburg. In 1868 he received his master's degree and in 1873 his doctorate. His master's dissertation, practically the first text in Russian mathematical literature on Cauchy method of residues, was published in 1868. The disse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Petersburg State University
Saint Petersburg State University (SPBGU; ) is a public research university in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in Russia. Founded in 1724 by a decree of Peter the Great, the university from the beginning has had a focus on fundamental research in science, engineering and humanities. During the Soviet period, it was known as Leningrad State University (). It was renamed after Andrei Zhdanov in 1948 and was officially called "Leningrad State University, named after A. A. Zhdanov and decorated with the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour." Zhdanov's was removed in 1989 and Leningrad in the name was officially replaced with Saint Petersburg in 1992. It is made up of 24 specialized faculties (departments) and institutes, the Academic Gymnasium, the Medical College, the College of Physical Culture and Sports, Economics and Technology. The university has two primary campuses: one on Vasilievsky Island and the ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recursion
Recursion occurs when the definition of a concept or process depends on a simpler or previous version of itself. Recursion is used in a variety of disciplines ranging from linguistics to logic. The most common application of recursion is in mathematics and computer science, where a function (mathematics), function being defined is applied within its own definition. While this apparently defines an infinite number of instances (function values), it is often done in such a way that no infinite loop or infinite chain of references can occur. A process that exhibits recursion is ''recursive''. Video feedback displays recursive images, as does an infinity mirror. Formal definitions In mathematics and computer science, a class of objects or methods exhibits recursive behavior when it can be defined by two properties: * A simple ''base case'' (or cases) — a terminating scenario that does not use recursion to produce an answer * A ''recursive step'' — a set of rules that reduce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constructive Mathematics
In the philosophy of mathematics, constructivism asserts that it is necessary to find (or "construct") a specific example of a mathematical object in order to prove that an example exists. Contrastingly, in classical mathematics, one can prove the existence of a mathematical object without "finding" that object explicitly, by assuming its non-existence and then deriving a contradiction from that assumption. Such a proof by contradiction might be called non-constructive, and a constructivist might reject it. The constructive viewpoint involves a verificational interpretation of the existential quantifier, which is at odds with its classical interpretation. There are many forms of constructivism. These include the program of intuitionism founded by Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer, Brouwer, the finitism of David Hilbert, Hilbert and Paul Bernays, Bernays, the constructive recursive mathematics of Nikolai Aleksandrovich Shanin, Shanin and Andrey Markov (Soviet mathematician), Markov, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrey Markov (Soviet Mathematician)
Andrey Andreyevich Markov (; 22 September 1903, Saint Petersburg – 11 October 1979, Moscow) was a Soviet mathematician, the son of the Russian mathematician Andrey Markov Sr, and one of the key founders of the Russian school of constructive mathematics and logic. He made outstanding contributions to various areas of mathematics, including differential equations, topology, mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics. His name is in particular associated with Markov's principle and Markov's rule in mathematical logic, Markov's theorem in knot theory and Markov algorithm in theoretical computer science. An important result that he proved in 1947 was that the word problem for semigroups was unsolvable; Emil Leon Post obtained the same result independently at about the same time. In 1953 he became a member of the Communist Party. In 1960, Markov obtained fundamental results showing that the classification of four-dimensional manifolds is undecidable: no general a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Markov Brothers' Inequality
In mathematics, the Markov brothers' inequality is an inequality, proved in the 1890s by brothers Andrey Markov and Vladimir Markov, two Russian mathematicians. This inequality bounds the maximum of the derivatives of a polynomial on an interval in terms of the maximum of the polynomial. For ''k'' = 1 it was proved by Andrey Markov, and for ''k'' = 2, 3, ... by his brother Vladimir Markov. The statement Let ''P'' be a polynomial of degree ≤ ''n''. Then for all nonnegative integers k : \max_ \big, P^(x)\big, \leq \frac \max_ , P(x), . This inequality is tight, as equality is attained for Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind. Related inequalities * Bernstein's inequality (mathematical analysis) * Remez inequality Applications Markov's inequality is used to obtain lower bounds in computational complexity theory In theoretical computer science and mathematics, computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their resource ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Markov (mathematician)
Vladimir Andreyevich Markov (; May 8, 1871 – January 18, 1897) was a mathematician, known for proving the Markov brothers' inequality with his older brother Andrey Markov. He was from the Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl .... He died of tuberculosis at the age of 25. Notes External links Photograph (History of Approximation Theory pages)* {{DEFAULTSORT:Markov, Vladimir Andreyevich Mathematicians from the Russian Empire 1871 births 1897 deaths 19th-century deaths from tuberculosis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
