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Anchispirocyclina
''Anchispirocyclina'' is a genus of agglutinated discoidal forams known from the upper Jurassic (lower Kimmeridgian) to the lower Cretaceous (lower Valanginan) of Europe, north Africa, USA (North Carolina) and Cuba. The test of ''Anchispirocyclina'' is discoidal, thin and often slightly undulating. The early stage is close coiled, later flaring some becoming circular in outline. Walls are microgranular to finely agglutinated. Chambers have complex interiors produced by a network of rafters and beams. Those near the median plane have an irregular labyrinthic structure produced by radial pillars or buttresses extending from septum to septum between adjacent apertural openings. ''Spirocyclina'', '' Haurinia'' and ''Martiguesia'' are related genera. References * Alfred R. Loeblich,jr & Helen Tappan 1964. Sarcodina, Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology The ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'' (or ''TIP'') published by the Geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spirocyclinidae
Spirocyclinidae is a family of foraminifera included in the order Loftusiida. Tests are variably discoidal, aggulitinated with calcareous or microgranular cement. Interiors are complex with chambers partially subdivided. Walls and septa are pierced with ramifying and anastomosing channels. The family presently includes the following genera; ''Spirocyclina'', ''Anchispirocyclina'', ''Haurania'', ''Martiguesia'', ''Pseudospirocyclina'', ''Qataria'', ''Reissella'', ''Saudia'', ''Sornayina'', ''Spiraloconulus'', ''Streptocyclammina'', ''Timidonella'', and '' Vania''. Previous the subfamily Spyrocylininae according to Loeblich and Tappan, 1964 in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology which then included ''Spriocyclina'', ''Anchispirocyclina'', ''Orbitammiina'', and ''Sornayina''. '' Orbitammina'' has been moved to the textulariid Orbitopsellidae where it rests along with '' Orbitopsella'', '' Cyclorbitopsella'', and '' Labyrinthina''. Foraminifera, to which the Spirocyclinidae b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spirocyclina
''Spirocyclina'' is a genus of large forams, with a flat test as much as 10mm in diameter. Coiling is planispiral to slightly asymmetric and mostly involute, some becoming uncoiled with a straight final stage. The final whorl, or stage, has about 25 strongly arcuate chambers. Composition is of agglutinated matter, the outer layer of the wall imperforate. Chambers are subdivided into secondary chamberlets by internal structures. The aperture consists of a double row of pores on the apertural face. ''Anchispirocyclina'' and ''Martiguesia'' are among related genera. References * Alfred R. Loeblich, jr & Helen Tappan 1964. Sarcodina, Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology The ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'' (or ''TIP'') published by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, is a definitive multi-authored work of some 50 volumes, written by more than 300 paleontologists, and co ..., Part C, Proti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martiguesia
''Martiguesia'' is a genus of agglutinated benthic forams from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) of France. The test is free, the early stage planispirally coiled, becoming nearly straight during later growth. The agglutinated wall is externally imperforate, the interior with a coarse alveolar network. Chambers are subdivided and almost completely filled by irregular radial pillars. The aperture, cribrate. As a member of the Spirocyclinidae ''Martiguesia'' is related to ''Haurania'', ''Anchispirocyclina'', ''Streptocyclammina'', and of course ''Spirocyclina''. References * Alfred R. Loeblich, jr & Helen Tappan 1964. Sarcodina, Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology The ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'' (or ''TIP'') published by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, is a definitive multi-authored work of some 50 volumes, written by more than 300 paleontologists, and co ..., Part C, Protista 2. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryota
Eukaryotes () are organisms whose cells have a nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the three domains of life. Bacteria and Archaea (both prokaryotes) make up the other two domains. The eukaryotes are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea or as a sister of the Asgard archaea. This implies that there are only two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as Flagellated cell, flagellated phagotrophs. Their name comes from the Greek language, Greek wikt:εὖ, εὖ (''eu'', "well" or "good") and wikt:� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SAR Supergroup
The SAR supergroup, also just SAR or Harosa, is a clade that includes stramenopiles (heterokonts), alveolates, and Rhizaria. The name is an acronym derived from the first letters of each of these clades; it has been alternatively spelled "RAS". The term "Harosa" (at the subkingdom level) has also been used. The SAR supergroup is a node-based taxon. Note that as a formal taxon, "Sar" has only its first letter capitalized, while the earlier abbreviation, SAR, retains all uppercase letters. Both names refer to the same group of organisms, unless further taxonomic revisions deem otherwise. Members of the SAR supergroup were once included under the separate supergroups Chromalveolata ( Chromista and Alveolata) and Rhizaria, until phylogenetic studies confirmed that stramenopiles and alveolates diverged with Rhizaria. This apparently excluded haptophytes and cryptomonads, leading Okamoto ''et al.'' (2009) to propose the clade Hacrobia to accommodate them. Phylogeny Based on a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizaria
The Rhizaria are an ill-defined but species-rich supergroup of mostly unicellular eukaryotes. Except for the Chlorarachniophytes and three species in the genus Paulinella in the phylum Cercozoa, they are all non-photosynthethic, but many foraminifera and radiolaria have a symbiotic relationship with unicellular algae. A multicellular form, ''Guttulinopsis vulgaris'', a cellular slime mold, has also been described. This group was used by Cavalier-Smith in 2002, although the term "Rhizaria" had been long used for clades within the currently recognized taxon. Being described mainly from rDNA sequences, they vary considerably in form, having no clear morphological distinctive characters (synapomorphies), but for the most part they are amoeboids with filose, reticulose, or microtubule-supported pseudopods. In the absence of an apomorphy, the group is ill-defined, and its composition has been very fluid. Some Rhizaria possess mineral exoskeleton (thecae or loricas), which is i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retaria
Retaria is a clade within the supergroup Rhizaria containing the Foraminifera and the Radiolaria. In 2019, the Retaria were recognized as a basal Rhizaria group, as sister of the Cercozoa Cercozoa is a phylum of diverse single-celled eukaryotes. They lack shared morphological characteristics at the microscopic level, and are instead defined by molecular phylogenies of rRNA and actin or polyubiquitin. They were the first major .... References External links Taxa named by Thomas Cavalier-Smith SAR supergroup phyla {{Retaria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foraminifera
Foraminifera (; Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class of amoeboid protists characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm for catching food and other uses; and commonly an external shell (called a "test") of diverse forms and materials. Tests of chitin (found in some simple genera, and Textularia in particular) are believed to be the most primitive type. Most foraminifera are marine, the majority of which live on or within the seafloor sediment (i.e., are benthic), while a smaller number float in the water column at various depths (i.e., are planktonic), which belong to the suborder Globigerinina. Fewer are known from freshwater or brackish conditions, and some very few (nonaquatic) soil species have been identified through molecular analysis of small subunit ribosomal DNA. Foraminifera typically produce a test, or shell, which can have either one or multiple chambers, some becoming quite elaborate in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Globothalamea
Globothalamea comprises a class of multichambered foraminifera based in part on SSU rDNA evidence; the other is Tubothalamea. Six orders are included, which vary notably in composition, wall structure, and chamber arrangement. The Lituolida, Loftusiida, and Textulariida (as emended) have tests (shells) of agglutinated matter, glued together by various cements, but differ in chamber arrangement, wall structure, and complexity. In contrast the Carterinida, Robertinida and Rotaliida, with buliminids lumped into the Rotaliida, have calcareous tests. Those of rotaliid genera, which vary considerably, are of perforate hyaline (glassy) calcite. in contrast the Carterinida have tests composed of bundled calcite spicules. The Robertida differ in being composed, instead, of aragonite. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loftusiida
Loftusiida is an order of foraminifers in the class Globothalamea. Subtaxa Suborder Ataxophragmiina * Superfamily Ataxophragmioidea ** Family Ataxophragmiidae ** Family † Cuneolinidae ** Family Dictyopsellidae ** Family Dicyclinidae ** Family Globotextulariidae ** Family Montsaleviidae ** Family Textulariellidae Suborder Biokovinina * Superfamily Biokovinoidea (Biokovinacea) ** Family Biokovinidae ** Family Charentiidae ** Family Lituoliporidae * Superfamily Coscinophragmatoidea ** Family Coscinophragmatidae ** Family Haddoniidae Suborder Cyclolinina * Superfamily Cyclolinoidea ** Family Cyclolinidae Suborder Loftusiina * Superfamily Haplophragmioidea ** Family Cribratinidae ** Family Haplophragmiidae ** Family Labyrinthidomatidae * Superfamily Loftusioidea (Loftusiacea) ** Family Cyclamminidae ** Family Ecougellidae ** Family Everticyclamminidae ** Family Hottingeritidae ** Family Loftusiidae ** Family Mesoendothyridae ** Family Spirocyclini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haurinia
''Haurania'' is a genus of elongated, finely agglutinated benthic foraminifera included in the Spirocyclinidae. The test is free, starting with a brief planispiral coil followed by a straight uncoiled stage. The exterior is imperforate, the interior divided by radial septula or beams, perpendicular to the septa and outer wall. The aperture is cribrate, a series of openings on the terminal face. This genus is known from the lower and middle Jurassic of China, Iraq and Morocco. References * Alfred R. Loeblich, jr & Helen Tappan 1964. Sarcodina, Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology The ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'' (or ''TIP'') published by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, is a definitive multi-authored work of some 50 volumes, written by more than 300 paleontologists, and co ..., Part C, Protista 2. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press. * A.R. Loeblich & H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
