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Anadenanthera
''Anadenanthera'' is a genus of South American trees in the Legume family, Fabaceae. The genus contains two species, ''Anadenanthera colubrina, A. colubrina'' and ''Anadenanthera peregrina, A. peregrina''. These trees are known to the western world primarily as sources of the hallucinogenic snuffs Anadenanthera colubrina, vilca/cebil and yopo/cohoba. The main active constituent of ''Anadenanthera'' is bufotenin. Species * ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' ** Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil'' ** Anadenanthera colubrina var. colubrina, ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''colubrina'' * ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' ** Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata, ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' var. ''falcata'' ** Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina, ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' var. ''peregrina'' Chemical compounds Chemical compounds contained in ''Anadenanthera'' include: * 5-MeO-DMT, 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, bark * Serotonin * N-Methylseroton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anadenanthera Colubrina
''Anadenanthera colubrina'' (also known as vilca, huilco, huilca, wilco, willka, curupay, curupau, cebil, or angico) is a South American tree closely related to yopo, or ''Anadenanthera peregrina''. It grows to tall and the trunk is very thorny. The leaves are mimosa-like, up to in length and they fold up at night. In Argentina, ''A. colubrina'' produces flowers from September to December and bean pods from September to July. In Brazil ''A. colubrina'' has been given "high priority" conservation status. Nomenclature ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' is known by many names throughout South America. In Peru it is known as ''willka'' (also spelled ''wilca,'' ''vilca'' and ''huilca'') which in the Quechua languages means "sacred". Geography ''A. colubrina'' is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Cuba, and Mauritius. Natural growing conditions ''A. colubrina'' grows at altitudes of about with roughly per year of precipitation and a mean temperature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yopo
''Anadenanthera peregrina'', also known as yopo, jopo, cohoba, parica or calcium tree, is a perennial tree of the genus ''Anadenanthera'' native to the Caribbean and South America. It grows up to tall, and has a thorny bark. Its flowers grow in small, pale yellow to white spherical clusters resembling Acacia (e.g. wattle) inflorescences. It is an entheogen which has been used in healing ceremonies and rituals for thousands of years in northern South America and the Caribbean. Although the seeds of the yopo tree were originally gathered from the wild, increased competition between tribes over access to the seeds led to it being intentionally cultivated and transported elsewhere, expanding the plant's distribution through introduction to areas beyond its native range. Related species This plant is almost identical to that of a related tree, ''Anadenanthera colubrina'', commonly known as ''cebíl'' or ''vilca''. The beans of ''A. colubrina'' have a similar chemical makeup as ''A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anadenanthera Peregrina Var
''Anadenanthera'' is a genus of South American trees in the Legume family, Fabaceae. The genus contains two species, '' A. colubrina'' and '' A. peregrina''. These trees are known to the western world primarily as sources of the hallucinogenic snuffs vilca/cebil and yopo/cohoba. The main active constituent of ''Anadenanthera'' is bufotenin. Species * ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' ** ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil'' ** ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''colubrina'' * ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' ** ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' var. ''falcata'' ** ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' var. ''peregrina'' Chemical compounds Chemical compounds contained in ''Anadenanthera'' include: * 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, bark * Serotonin * N-Methylserotonin * 5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine, bark * Bufotenin, seeds, bark * Bufotenine N-oxide, seeds * N,N-Dimethyltryptamine Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), also known as ''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (''N'',''N''-DMT), is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anadenanthera
''Anadenanthera'' is a genus of South American trees in the Legume family, Fabaceae. The genus contains two species, ''Anadenanthera colubrina, A. colubrina'' and ''Anadenanthera peregrina, A. peregrina''. These trees are known to the western world primarily as sources of the hallucinogenic snuffs Anadenanthera colubrina, vilca/cebil and yopo/cohoba. The main active constituent of ''Anadenanthera'' is bufotenin. Species * ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' ** Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil'' ** Anadenanthera colubrina var. colubrina, ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''colubrina'' * ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' ** Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata, ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' var. ''falcata'' ** Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina, ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' var. ''peregrina'' Chemical compounds Chemical compounds contained in ''Anadenanthera'' include: * 5-MeO-DMT, 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, bark * Serotonin * N-Methylseroton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bufotenin
Bufotenin, also known as dimethylserotonin or as 5-hydroxy-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (5-HO-DMT), is a serotonergic psychedelic of the tryptamine family. It is a derivative of the psychedelic dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT). The compound is an alkaloid found in some species of mushrooms, plants, and toads. It is also found naturally in the human body in small amounts. Bufotenin, for instance derived from the trees ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' and ''Anadenanthera peregrina'', has a long history of entheogenic use as a snuff in South America. The name bufotenin originates from the toad genus '' Bufo'', which includes several species of psychoactive toads, most notably '' Incilius alvarius'' (formerly ''Bufo alvarius''), that secrete bufotoxins from their parotoid glands. However, ''Bufo'' and related species like ''Incilius alvarius'' contain only trace amounts of bufotenin, with their major active component instead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hallucinogenic Snuff
A hallucinogenic snuff, or psychedelic snuff, is a powder prepared from plants containing psychedelic alkaloids and insufflated (snorted) to produce hallucinogenic effects. Hallucinogenic snuffs have been used as entheogens by indigenous peoples of South and Central America for thousands of years. The snuffs are prepared most commonly from ''Anadenanthera'' species including ''Anadenanthera peregrina'' and ''Anadenanthera colubrina'', but also from species of other genuses including '' Mimosa'' and '' Virola''. They have local names including cohoba, ebene, paricá, yopo, cébil, and vilca, among many others. The active compounds in these snuffs include the serotonergic psychedelics bufotenin (5-HO-DMT), dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and 5-MeO-DMT. The materials of snuffs may also be used as enemas instead of via insufflation. Although previously thought to be non-hallucinogenic and/or toxic, ethnobotanist Jonathan Ott and colleagues showed in 2001 that bufotenin is an acti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimethyltryptamine
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), also known as ''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (''N'',''N''-DMT), is a Psychedelic drug, serotonergic hallucinogen and Investigational New Drug, investigational drug of the substituted tryptamine, tryptamine family that natural product, occurs naturally in many plants and animals, including humans. DMT is used as a psychedelic drug and prepared by various cultures for ritual purposes as an entheogen. DMT has a rapid onset of action, onset, intense effects, and a relatively short duration of action. For those reasons, DMT was known as the "businessman's trip" during the 1960s in the United States, as a user could access the full depth of a psychedelic experience in considerably less time than with other substances such as Lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD or psilocybin mushrooms. DMT can be inhaled or injected and its effects depend on the dose, as well as the mode of administration. When inhaled or injected, the effects last about five to fifteen minutes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantino Manuel Torres
Constantino Manuel Torres, known as Manuel Torres, is an archaeologist and ethnobotanist specialising in the ethnobotany of pre-columbian South America and the Caribbean. In particular, he has shed much light on the Taíno use of Anadenanthera ''Anadenanthera'' is a genus of South American trees in the Legume family, Fabaceae. The genus contains two species, ''Anadenanthera colubrina, A. colubrina'' and ''Anadenanthera peregrina, A. peregrina''. These trees are known to the western wor ... snuff Cohoba, its paraphernalia and associated archaeology. Selected published works *''The Use of Anadenanthera colubrina var. Cebil by Wichi (Mataco) Shamans of the Chaco Central, Argentina.'' Yearbook for ethnomedicine and the study of consciousness 5: 41–58, with David Repke as second author. Verläg für Wissenschaft und Bildung, Berlin, (1998). *''The role of cohoba in Taíno shamanism.'' Eleusis, n.s., no. 1: 38–50, Museo Civico di Rovereto, Trento, Italy, (1998). *''Exploring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychedelic Tryptamine Carriers
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips") and a perceived "expansion of consciousness". Also referred to as classic hallucinogens or serotonergic hallucinogens, the term ''psychedelic'' is sometimes used more broadly to include various other types of hallucinogens as well, such as those which are atypical or adjacent to psychedelia like salvia and MDMA, respectively. Classic psychedelics generally cause specific psychological, visual, and auditory changes, and oftentimes a substantially altered state of consciousness. They have had the largest influence on science and culture, and include mescaline, LSD, psilocybin, and DMT. There are a large number of both naturally occurring and synthetic serotonergic psychedelics. Most psychedelic drugs fall into one of the three families of chemical compounds: tryptamines, phenethylamines, or lysergamides. They produ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
