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Amanit
Amanit is a ''tabia'' or municipality in the Dogu'a Tembien district of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The ''tabia'' centre is Addi Qeshofo village, located approximately 15 km to the southeast of the ''woreda'' town Hagere Selam (as the crow flies). Geography The ''tabia'' stretches down southbound over an elongated ridge between Inda Sillasie River and Addi Keshofo River towards Giba River. The highest place is a hill east of Gudeli (2230 m a.s.l.) and the lowest place at the junction of Inda Sillasie and Giba Rivers (1448 m a.s.l.). Geology The two main geological formations are Antalo Limestone in most of the ''tabia'', and Adigrat Sandstone on the slopes towards the river gorges. Quaternary alluvium and freshwater tufa occur in the valley bottoms. Geomorphology and soils The main geomorphic units, with corresponding soil types are: * Gently rolling Antalo Limestone plateau, holding cliffs and valley bottoms on limestone ** Associated soil types *** shallow st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amanit Community Water Pump
Amanit is a ''tabia'' or municipality in the Degua Tembien, Dogu'a Tembien district of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The ''tabia'' centre is Addi Qeshofo village, located approximately 15 km to the southeast of the ''woreda'' town Hagere Selam (Degua Tembien), Hagere Selam (as the crow flies). Geography The ''tabia'' stretches down southbound over an elongated ridge between Inda Sillasie River and Addi Keshofo River towards Giba River. The highest place is a hill east of Gudeli (2230 m a.s.l.) and the lowest place at the junction of Inda Sillasie and Giba Rivers (1448 m a.s.l.). Geology The two main geological formations are Antalo Limestone in most of the ''tabia'', and Adigrat Sandstone on the slopes towards the river gorges. Quaternary alluvium and freshwater tufa occur in the valley bottoms. Geomorphology and soils The main geomorphic units, with corresponding soil types are: * Gently rolling Antalo Limestone plateau, holding cliffs and valley bottoms on limeston ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Degua Tembien
Dogu'a Tembien (, "Upper Tembien", sometimes transliterated as Degua Tembien) is a woreda in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. It is named in part after the former province of Tembien. Nowadays, the mountainous district is part of the Southeastern Tigray Zone. The administrative centre of this woreda is Hagere Selam. History Dogu’a Tembien holds numerous prehistoric sites, which have been dated to the Middle Stone Age in Ayninbirkekin, or Pastoral Neolithic in Aregen and Menachek. Geography Topography and landscapes Major mountains :* Tsatsen, 2815 metres, a wide mesa between Hagere Selam and Inda Maryam Qorar () :* Ekli Imba, 2799 metres, summit of the Arebay massif in Arebay ''tabia'' or district () :* Imba Zuw’ala, 2710 metres, near Hagere Selam () :* Aregen, 2660 metres, in Aregen ''tabia'' () :* Dabba Selama, 2630 metres, in Haddinnet ''tabia'' () (not to be confused with the homonymous monastery) :* Imba Dogu’a, 2610 metres, in Mizane Birhan ''tabia'' () :* I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Addi Keshofo River
Addi Keshofo is a river of the Nile basin. Rising in the mountains of Dogu’a Tembien in Northern Ethiopia, it flows southwards to empty directly in Giba and further in Tekezé River. Characteristics This is a confined ephemeral river, locally meandering in its narrow alluvial plain, with an average slope gradient of 50 metres per kilometre. With its tributaries, the river has cut a deep gorge. Flash floods and flood buffering Runoff mostly happens in the form of high runoff discharge events that occur in a very short period (called flash floods). These are related to the steep topography, often little vegetation cover and intense convective rainfall. The peaks of such flash floods have often a 50 to 100 times larger discharge than the preceding baseflow. The magnitude of floods in this river has however been decreased due to interventions in the catchment. At May Genet and on other steep slopes, exclosures have been established; the dense vegetation largely contributes to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inda Sillasie River
Inda Sillasie is a river of northern Ethiopia. It originates at the confluence of May Zegzeg and May Be'ati Rivers in the mountains of Dogu’a Tembien (1970 metres above sea level), and flows southward to Giba River which empties finally in the Tekezé River. Along its couse, it first takes the name Rubaksa River, then Dabba Hadera River, and finally Inda Sillasie River. Hydrography It is a confined river, locally meandering in its narrow alluvial plain, with a slope gradient of 26 metres per kilometre. With its tributaries, the river has cut a deep gorge. Tributaries Main tributaries are * May Zegzeg ** May Harena ** May Sho'ate * May Be'ati River Hydrology Hydrological characteristics The runoff footprint or annual total runoff volume is 13 million m³. Peak discharges up to 172 m³ per second occur in the second part of the rainy season (month of August) when there are strong rains and the soils are saturated with water in many places. The percentage of total rai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May Hib'o
May Hib’o is an exclosure located in the Dogu'a Tembien ''woreda'' of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The exclosure holds a 70-metre long cave. Environmental characteristics * Area: 50 ha * Average slope gradient: 35% * Aspect: the exclosure is oriented towards the southwest and the north (both sides of a gorge) * Minimum altitude: 1896 metres * Maximum altitude: 2146 metres * Lithology: Antalo Limestone * 2017: support by the EthioTrees project Management As a general rule, cattle ranging and wood harvesting are not allowed. The grasses are harvested once yearly and taken to the homesteads of the village to feed livestock. Benefits for the community Setting aside such areas fits with the long-term vision of the communities were ''hiza’iti'' lands are set aside for use by the future generations. It has also direct benefits for the community: * improved ground water availability * honey production * climate ameliorator (temperature, moisture) * the sequestered carbon (in to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giba River
Giba is a river of northern Ethiopia. It starts at the confluence of Genfel and Sulluh (which rises in the mountains of Mugulat) (3298 metres above sea level) and flows westward to the Tekezé River. Future Lake Giba will occupy the plain where Sulluh, Genfel and Agula'i Rivers meet, and hence be the future source of Giba River. Hydrography It is a confined river, locally meandering in its narrow alluvial plain, with a slope gradient of 7 metres per kilometre. With its tributaries, the river has cut a deep gorge. Tributaries Main tributaries, from downstream to upstream, are * Tanqwa ** Tsech'i River ** May Qoqah ** Arwadito ** Adawro River * May Selelo * Zikuli River * Gra Adiam River, also called Bitchoqo River * Zeyi River * Inda Sillasie River ** May Zegzeg *** May Harena *** May Sho'ate ** May Be'ati River * Addi Keshofo River * May Gabat * Inda Anbesa * Ruba Bich'i River * Hurura ** Afedena River *** May Ayni ** Shimbula * Ilala River * Qarano ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waterlogging (agriculture)
Waterlogging water is the saturation of soil with water. Soil may be regarded as waterlogged when it is nearly saturated with water much of the time such that its air phase is restricted and anaerobic conditions prevail. In extreme cases of prolonged waterlogging, anaerobiosis occurs, the roots of mesophytes suffer, and the subsurface reducing atmosphere leads to such processes as denitrification, methanogenesis, and the reduction of iron and manganese oxides. All plants, including crops require air (specifically, oxygen) to respire, produce energy and keep their cells alive. In agriculture, waterlogging of the soil typically blocks air from getting in to the roots. With the exception of rice (''Oryza sativa''), most crops like maize and potato, are therefore highly intolerant to waterlogging. Plant cells use a variety of signals such the oxygen concentration, plant hormones like ethylene, energy and sugar status to acclimate to waterlogging-induced oxygen deprivation. In ir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sand
Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles. Sand has various compositions but is defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a soil texture, textural class of soil or soil type; i.e., a soil containing more than 85 percent sand-sized particles by mass. The composition of sand varies, depending on the local rock sources and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2), usually in the form of quartz. Calcium carbonate is the second most common type of sand, for example, aragonite, which has mostly been created, over the past 500million years, by various forms of life, like coral and shellfish. For example, it is the primary form of sand apparent in areas where reefs have dominated the ecosystem for millions of years like the Caribbean. Somewhat more rarely, sand may be compose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silt Loam
Loam (in geology and soil science) is soil composed mostly of sand (particle size > ), silt (particle size > ), and a smaller amount of clay (particle size < ). By weight, its mineral composition is about 40–40–20% concentration of sand–silt–clay, respectively. These proportions can vary to a degree, however, and result in different types of loam soils: sandy loam, silty loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, and loam. In the , textural classification triangle, the only soil that is not predominantly sand, silt, or clay is called "loam". Loam soils generally contain more nutrients, moisture, and |
Fluvisol
A fluvisol in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) is a genetically young soil in alluvial deposits . Apart from river sediments, they also occur in lacustrine and marine deposits. Fluvisols correlate with fluvents and fluvaquents of the USDA soil taxonomy. The good natural fertility of most fluvisols and their attractive dwelling sites on river levees and higher parts in marine landscapes were recognized in prehistoric times. Fluvisols are found on alluvial plains, river fans, valleys and tidal marshes on all continents and in all climate zones. Under natural conditions periodical flooding is fairly common. The soils have a clear evidence of stratification. Soil horizons are weakly developed, but a distinct topsoil horizon may be present. Many dryland crops are grown on fluvisols, normally with some form of water control. On tropical Fluvisols with satisfactory irrigation and drainage paddy rice cultivation is widespread. Some coastal lowlands have fluvisols w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boswellia Papyrifera
''Boswellia papyrifera'', also known as the Sudanese frankincense, is a species of flowering plant and frankincense that is native to Ethiopia, Eritrea and Sudan. The tree is cultivated in Ethiopia because of its valuable resin. The incense is characterized by a fresh lemon-pine scent and is therefore highly esteemed. In Ethiopia where it is called ''itan zaf'', it comes in semi-translucent yellow tears. The gum resin of ''Boswellia papyrifera'' coming from Ethiopia, Sudan and eastern Africa is believed to be the main source of frankincense of antiquity. Chemical constituents In studies conducted on the chemical properties of the oleo-gum resin of ''B. papyrifera'', it was shown to contain a high concentration of octyl acetate (57.1–65.7%) and N-octanol (3.4–8.8%), the former accounting for its citric note. The species also contain diterpenes Diterpenes are a class of chemical compounds composed of four isoprene units, often with the molecular formula C20H32. They are b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regosol
A Regosol in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) is very weakly developed mineral soil in unconsolidated materials. Regosols are extensive in eroding lands, in particular in arid and semi-arid areas and in mountain regions. Internationally, Regosols correlate with soil taxa that are marked by incipient soil formation such as Entisols in the USDA soil taxonomy or Rudosols and possibly some Tenosols in the Australian Soil Classification. The group of Regosols is a taxonomic rest group containing all soils that could not be accommodated in any of the other groups. Excluded from the Regosols are weakly developed soils that classify as Leptosols (very shallow soils), Arenosols (sandy soils) or Fluvisols (in recent alluvial deposits). These soils have AC- profiles. Profile development is minimal as a consequence of young age and/or slow soil formation. Land use and management of Regosols vary widely. Some Regosols are used for capital-intensive irrigated farming but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
