Amanda Fritz
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Amanda Fritz
Amanda Fritz (born April 1958) is a British-American politician and retired psychiatric nurse from the U.S. state of Oregon. Before being elected to Portland's City Council in 2008, Fritz was a neighborhood activist and seven-year member of the Portland Planning Commission. She was also the first candidate to win public financing under Portland's Clean Elections system in 2006, though she lost to incumbent Dan Saltzman in the first round of that year's election. She was elected to City Council in the November 2008 election. She succeeded Commissioner Sam Adams, who vacated the seat to run for mayor. Early life and education Fritz was born in England and grew up in Leeds, West Yorkshire. After graduating from the University of Cambridge, where she earned a bachelor's and a master's degree in Biological Sciences. She moved to the United States in 1979, where she attended nursing school in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and then moved to Rochester, New York. She relocated to Portland in ...
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Government Of Portland, Oregon
The government of Portland, Oregon, is based on a mayor–council government system. Elected officials include the List of mayors of Portland, Oregon, mayor, a 12-member city council, and a city auditor. The city council is responsible for legislative policy, while the mayor appoints a professional city manager who oversees the various bureaus and day-to-day operations of the city. The mayor is elected at-large, while the council is elected in four geographic districts using single transferable vote, with 3 winning candidates per district. Portland's current form of government was approved by voters in a 2022 ballot measure, with the 2024 Portland, Oregon municipal elections, first elections under the new system held in 2024. Prior to 2022, Portland used a city commission government system, with the mayor and four city commissioners directly overseeing operations of the city bureaus. Under the previous system, all elected officials were elected at-large and served four-year terms ...
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West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan counties of England, metropolitan and Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It borders North Yorkshire to the north and east, South Yorkshire and Derbyshire to the south, Greater Manchester to the south-west, and Lancashire to the west. The city of Leeds is the largest settlement. The county has an area of and a population of 2.3 million, making it the fourth-largest ceremonial county by population. The centre of the county is urbanised, and contains the city of Leeds in the north-east, the city of Bradford in the north-west, Huddersfield in the south-west, and Wakefield in the south-east. The outer areas of the county are rural. For local government purposes the county comprises five metropolitan boroughs: City of Bradford, Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds, Leeds, and City of Wakefield, Wakefield, which collaborate through West Yorkshire Combined Authority. The cou ...
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Charlie Hales
Charles Andrew Hales (born January 22, 1956) is a former American politician who served as the 52nd List of mayors of Portland, Oregon, mayor of Portland, Oregon, from 2013 to 2017. He previously served on the Government of Portland, Oregon, Portland City Council from 1993 to 2002. Early life and education Charles Andrew Hales was born in Washington, D.C., in January 1956. His father, Alfred Ross Hales, Jr., was a structural engineer for the United States Navy and his mother, Carol Hales, was a homemaker. He had two older siblings but, at nine years younger than his brother, grew up "virtually as an only child." Hales attended public schools in Alexandria, Virginia, and graduated from Thomas A. Edison High School (Fairfax County, Virginia), Thomas Edison High School in Fairfax County, where he participated in band and drama club. He graduated from the University of Virginia in 1979 with a bachelor's degree in political theory. He took graduate studies in public administration at ...
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Portland Water Bureau
The Portland Water Bureau is the municipal water department for the city of Portland, Oregon, Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon. Its service district includes 225 miles within the Portland metropolitan area. The bureau manages a water supply that comes mainly from the Bull Run River (Oregon), Bull Run River in the foothills of the Cascade Range east of the city and secondarily from the Columbia South Shore Well Field near the Columbia River. A city charter reform, passed by Portland voters in 2022, moved leadership of city bureaus out of the portfolios of city commissioners. The last commissioner to oversee this bureau was Mingus Mapps in 2024. As of 2025, the bureau is under the umbrella of the Public Works Service Area, headed by Deputy City Administrator for Public Works Priya Dhanapal. The interim director is Edward Campbell. As of 2025, the city is moving to merge the Portland Water Bureau with Portland Environmental Services in an initiative called “One Water." The ...
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Portland Mercury
''Portland Mercury'' is an alternative bi-weekly newspaper and media company founded in 2000 in Portland, Oregon. It has a sibling publication in Seattle, Washington, called '' The Stranger''. History A prior version of ''The Mercury'' was published from 1869 and into the 1930s. The current ''Portland Mercury'' launched in June 2000. The paper describes their readership as "affluent urbanites in their 20s and 30s." Its long-running rivalry with ''Willamette Week'' began before its first issue was even printed when ''Willamette Week'' publisher Richard Meeker asked a Portland law firm to pay $10 to register the ''Mercury'' name with Oregon's Corporation Division, thus preventing it from being used for 120 days. As of 2020, the newspaper's revenue was almost entirely dependent on advertising and sales of tickets for events and concerts with nearly 95% of its revenue coming from advertisements. Former managing editor Phil Busse's controversial tenure included charges of plagia ...
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Portland Business Journal
American City Business Journals, Inc. (ACBJ) is an American newspaper publisher based in Charlotte, North Carolina. ACBJ publishes ''The Business Journals'', which contains local business news for 44 markets in the United States with each market's edition named for that market, and also publishes '' Hemmings Motor News'' and ''Inside Lacrosse''. The company is owned by Advance Publications and receives revenue from display advertising and classified advertising in its weekly newspaper and online advertising on its website and from a subscription business model. The bizjournals.com website, using the overarching online title ''The Business Journal'', contains local business news from various cities in the United States, along with an archive that contains more than 5 million business news articles published since 1996. it receives over 3.6 million readers each week. History American City Business Journals, Inc. was founded in 1982 by Mike K. Russell with the launch of the ''Ka ...
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Runoff Election
The two-round system (TRS or 2RS), sometimes called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, is a single-winner electoral system which aims to elect a member who has support of the majority of voters. The two-round system involves one or two rounds of choose-one voting, where the voter marks a single favorite candidate in each round. If no one has a majority of votes in the first round, the two candidates with the most votes in the first round move on to a second election (a second round of voting). The two-round system is in the family of plurality voting systems that also includes single-round plurality (FPP). Like instant-runoff (ranked-choice) voting and first past the post, it elects one winner. The two-round system first emerged in France and has since become the most common single-winner electoral system worldwide. Despite this, runoff-based rules like the two-round system and RCV have faced criticism from social choice theorists as a result of their suscep ...
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Oregon Health & Science University
Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) is a public university, public research university, research university focusing primarily on health sciences with a main campus, including two hospitals, in Portland, Oregon. The institution was founded in 1887 as the University of Oregon Medical Department and later became the University of Oregon Medical School. In 1974, the campus became an independent, self-governed institution called the University of Oregon Health Sciences Center, combining state dentistry, medicine, nursing, and public health programs into a single center. It was renamed Oregon Health Sciences University in 1981 and took its current name in 2001, as part of a merger with the Oregon Graduate Institute (OGI), in Hillsboro, Oregon, Hillsboro. The university has several partnership programs including a joint PharmD Pharmacy program with Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon, Corvallis. It is designated as a "Special Focus – Research Institution" according to t ...
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Rochester, New York
Rochester is a city in and the county seat, seat of government of Monroe County, New York, United States. It is the List of municipalities in New York, fourth-most populous city and 10th most-populated municipality in New York, with a population of 211,328 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. The city forms the core of the larger Rochester metropolitan area, New York, Rochester metropolitan area in Western New York, with a population of just over 1 million residents. Throughout its history, Rochester has acquired several nicknames based on local industries; it has been known as "History of Rochester, New York#Rochesterville and The Flour City, the Flour City" and "History of Rochester, New York#The Flower City, the Flower City" for its dual role in flour production and floriculture, and as the "World's Image Center" for its association with film, optics, and photography. The city was one of the United States' first boomtowns, initially due to the fertile Genesee River ...
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Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. It is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities, second-most populous city in Pennsylvania (after Philadelphia) and the List of United States cities by population, 67th-most populous city in the U.S., with a population of 302,971 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. The city is located in Western Pennsylvania, southwestern Pennsylvania at the confluence of the Allegheny River and Monongahela River, which combine to form the Ohio River. It anchors the Greater Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh metropolitan area, which had a population of 2.457 million residents and is the largest metro area in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the Pennsylvania metropolitan areas, second-largest in Pennsylvania, and the List of metropolitan statistical areas, 26th-largest in the U.S. Pittsburgh is the principal city of the greater Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistic ...
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