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Alstom Metropolis C751A
The Alstom Metropolis C751A is the first generation of communications-based train control (CBTC) electric multiple unit rolling stock in operation on the North East line (NEL) of Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system since 2003. 25 trainsets were purchased for the line. Operational history and overview In February 1997, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) of Singapore shortlisted several rolling stock companies for the bidding of the trains. In January 1998, GEC Alsthom (now known as Alstom) secured a contract to supply rolling stock for the NEL. The contract was for 25 trains, each consisting of six cars, under Contract 751A. The trains were part of the Metropolis family of the urban EMU trains. Unlike all other MRT lines, it draws power from the overhead catenary. Also, the C751A was the first MRT rolling stock to have seats of the same color in every compartment of the train and is also the first fully driverless rolling stock in Singapore. Nevertheless, SBS Transit h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sengkang Depot
Sengkang Depot is a train depot in Sengkang, Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ... operated by SBS Transit. It is the first co-location of facilities for both the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT). It maintains the trains for the North East line, Sengkang LRT line, and Punggol LRT line, and houses the control centre of the three lines. The depot was designed by architects 61 and constructed by Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co. at a contract sum of S$350 million under contract C701. It is the first in Singapore to be built with structural provisions for an industrial development to be situated on top, to minimise the waste of scarce land resources. The MRT depot is located between Hougang station and Sengkang station on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communications-based Train Control
Communications-based train control (CBTC) is a railway signaling system that uses telecommunications between the train and track equipment for traffic management and infrastructure control. CBTC allows a train's position to be known more accurately than with traditional signaling systems. This can make railway traffic management safer and more efficient. Rapid transit systems (and other railway systems) are able to reduce headways while maintaining or even improving safety. A CBTC system is a "continuous, automatic train control system utilizing high-resolution train location determination, independent from track circuits; continuous, high-capacity, bidirectional train-to-wayside data communications; and trainborne and wayside processors capable of implementing automatic train protection (ATP) functions, as well as optional automatic train operation (ATO) and automatic train supervision (ATS) functions," as defined in the IEEE 1474 standard.1474.1–1999 – IEEE Standard fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Purple
Purple is a color similar in appearance to violet light. In the RYB color model historically used in the arts, purple is a secondary color created by combining red and blue pigments. In the CMYK color model used in modern printing, purple is made by combining magenta pigment with either cyan pigment, black pigment, or both. In the RGB color model used in computer and television screens, purple is created by mixing red and blue light in order to create colors that appear similar to violet light. According to color theory, purple is considered a cool color. Purple has long been associated with royalty, originally because Tyrian purple dye—made from the secretions of sea snails—was extremely expensive in antiquity. Purple was the color worn by Roman magistrates; it became the imperial color worn by the rulers of the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire, and later by Roman Catholic bishops. Similarly in Japan, the color is traditionally associated with the emperor a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black
Black is a color that results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without chroma, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness.Eva Heller, ''Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques'', pp. 105–26. Black and white have often been used to describe opposites such as good and evil, the Dark Ages versus the Age of Enlightenment, and night versus day. Since the Middle Ages, black has been the symbolic color of solemnity and authority, and for this reason it is still commonly worn by judges and magistrates. Black was one of the first colors used by artists in Neolithic cave paintings. It was used in ancient Egypt and Greece as the color of the underworld. In the Roman Empire, it became the color of mourning, and over the centuries it was frequently associated with death, evil, witches, and magic. In the 14th century, it was worn by royalty, clergy, judges, and governm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White
White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wavelengths of light. White on television and computer screens is created by a mixture of red, blue, and green light. The color white can be given with white pigments, especially titanium dioxide. In ancient Egypt and ancient Rome, priestesses wore white as a symbol of purity, and Romans wore white togas as symbols of citizenship. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance a white unicorn symbolized chastity, and a white lamb sacrifice and purity. It was the royal color of the kings of France as well as the flag of monarchist France from 1815 to 1830, and of the monarchist movement that opposed the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War (1917–1922). Greek temples and Roman temples were faced with white marble, and beginning in the 18t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cream
Cream is a dairy product composed of the higher-fat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization. In un-homogenized milk, the fat, which is less dense, eventually rises to the top. In the industrial production of cream, this process is accelerated by using centrifuges called " separators". In many countries, it is sold in several grades depending on the total butterfat content. It can be dried to a powder for shipment to distant markets, and contains high levels of saturated fat. Cream skimmed from milk may be called "sweet cream" to distinguish it from cream skimmed from whey, a by-product of cheese-making. Whey cream has a lower fat content and tastes more salty, tangy, and "cheesy". In many countries partially fermented cream is also sold as: sour cream, crème fraîche, and so on. Both forms have many culinary uses in both sweet and savoury dishes. Cream produced by cattle (particularly Jersey cattle) grazing on natural pasture often contains some fat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beige
Beige ( ) is variously described as a pale sandy fawn color, a grayish tan, a light-grayish yellowish brown, or a pale to grayish yellow. It takes its name from French, where the word originally meant natural wool that has been neither bleached nor dyed, hence also the color of natural wool. The word "beige" has come to be used to describe a variety of light tints chosen for their neutral or pale warm appearance. ''Beige'' began to commonly be used as a term for a color in France beginning approximately 1855–1860; the writer Edmond de Goncourt used it in the novel ' in 1877. The first recorded use of ''beige'' as a color name in English was in 1887. Beige is notoriously difficult to produce in traditional offset CMYK printing because of the low levels of inks used on each plate; often it will print in purple or green and vary within a print run. Beige is also a popular color in clothing, such as for men's trousers, as well as for interior design. Various beige colo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GEC Alsthom
GEC or Gec may refer to: Education * Gedo Education Committee, in Somalia * Glen Eira College, in Caulfield East, Victoria, Australia * Goa Engineering College, India * Government Engineering College (other) * Guild for Exceptional Children, in New York City, US Other uses * Aleksandar Gec (1928–2008), Serbian basketball player * General Electric Company, a former British engineering conglomerate * General entertainment channel, a type of TV or radio channel * Global Engagement Center, an agency of the US State Department * Global Environment Centre, Malaysia * Golden Empire Council, of the Boy Scouts of America * ''Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana'', a Catalan-language encyclopedia * Greater Egyptian Conference, an athletics conference in Illinois, US * Green Electronics Council, US * Grêmio Esportivo Catanduvense, a former Brazilian football club * Grounding electrode conductor * Lufthansa Cargo, a German cargo airline, ICAO code * Mount GEC, in Jasper Nationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)
The Mass Rapid Transit system, locally known by the Acronym, initialism MRT, is a rapid transit system in Singapore and the island country's principal mode of Rail transport in Singapore, railway transportation. After two decades of planning the system commenced operations in November 1987 with an initial stretch consisting of five stations. The network has since grown to span the length and breadth of the country's Singapore Island, main island – with the exception of the Central Catchment Nature Reserve, forested core and the rural Lim Chu Kang, northwestern region – in accordance with Singapore's aim of developing a comprehensive rail network as the backbone of the country's Transport in Singapore, public transportation system,Singapore's heavy rail network is composed of three distinct systems. Two of the three are rapid transit networks, chiefly a) the MRT system, which falls entirely within the city-state and forms the core of the network, and b) the two-station cross- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electric Multiple Unit
An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple-unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages. An EMU is usually formed of two or more semi-permanently coupled carriages. However, electrically powered single-unit railcars are also generally classed as EMUs. The vast majority of EMUs are passenger trains but versions also exist for carrying mail. EMUs are popular on intercity, commuter, and suburban rail networks around the world due to their fast acceleration and pollution-free operation, and are used on most rapid-transit systems. Being quieter than diesel multiple units (DMUs) and locomotive-hauled trains, EMUs can operate later at night and more frequently without disturbing nearby residents. In addition, tunnel design for EMU trains is simpler as no provision is needed for exhausting fumes, although retrofitting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scharfenberg Coupler
The Scharfenberg coupler (, abbreviated ''Schaku'') is a commonly used type of fully automatic railway coupling. Designed in 1903 by Karl Scharfenberg in Königsberg, Germany (today Kaliningrad, Russia), the coupler has gradually spread from transit trains to regular passenger service trains, although outside Europe its use is generally restricted to mass transit systems. The ''Schaku'' is superior in many ways to the Janney coupler, AAR (Janney/knuckle) coupler because it also automates electrical and pneumatic connections and disconnections. However, there is no standard for the placement of these electro-pneumatic connections. Some rail operators have placed them on the sides while others have placed them either below or above the mechanical portion of the coupler. Scharfenberg as a technical design principle and brand name Scharfenberg and the abbreviation Schaku are registered trademarks of Voith Patent GmbH. For this reason, only couplings from Voith can use this name. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computer-based Interlocking
Computer-based interlocking is railway signal interlocking implemented with computers, rather than using older technologies such as relays or mechanics Mechanics () is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among Physical object, physical objects. Forces applied to objects may result in Displacement (vector), displacements, which are changes of .... General CBIs are mostly implemented in two parts; a section that implements the safety and failsafe requirements, and a second section that implements "non-vital" controls and indications. The European Union is working towards an EU standard within this area, called ERTMS. Brands Different manufacturers have their own brands of CBI such as * Solid State Interlocking, SSI (Solid State Interlocking) - British Rail, BR, Invensys, GEC-General Signal * Microlok II * Smartlock * Westlock Interlocking, Westlock * Germany - Alister CBI from Funkwerk ITRailway Gazette International ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
