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Almenêches Abbey
Almenêches Abbey () was a Benedictine nunnery at Almenêches in Orne, Normandy, France. It was founded in the 6th century, but had been abandoned by the 10th century. Roger of Montgomery refounded it sometime between 1063 and 1066. History During the Anglo-Norman civil war, upon hearing the abbey was being used by Duke Robert Curthose as a stable, Robert of Bellême burned it down. The abbess, Bellême's sister Emma, fled with her sister nuns; they were temporarily accommodated in surrounding houses or at the Abbey of Saint-Evroul. The following year Emma had the abbey at Almenêches rebuilt. It subsequently suffered another fire under Abbess Matilda, Emma's successor, and a third one after 1308. Episcopal visit In 1260, Archbishop Eudes Rigaud noted the refectory was not in use; the nuns ate in groups of twos and threes in private rooms. He ordered them to cease this activity and eat in the refectory. Eudes also noted that the nuns ran up debts in the town and that some of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benedictine
The Benedictines, officially the Order of Saint Benedict (, abbreviated as O.S.B. or OSB), are a mainly contemplative monastic order of the Catholic Church for men and for women who follow the Rule of Saint Benedict. Initiated in 529, they are the oldest of all the religious orders in the Latin Church. The male religious are also sometimes called the Black Monks, especially in English speaking countries, after the colour of their habits, although some, like the Olivetans, wear white. They were founded by Benedict of Nursia, a 6th-century Italian monk who laid the foundations of Benedictine monasticism through the formulation of his Rule. Benedict's sister, Scholastica, possibly his twin, also became a religious from an early age, but chose to live as a hermit. They retained a close relationship until her death. Despite being called an order, the Benedictines do not operate under a single hierarchy. They are instead organized as a collection of autonomous monasteries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eudes Rigaud
Odo Rigaud (sometimes Odo Rigaldi, Eudes II Rigaud, or Eudes Rigaldi) (c. 1210 - 1275) was a university lecturer, member of the Franciscan order, and the Archbishop of Rouen from 1247 until his death in 1275. Life Rigaud was born into a family of minor nobility in the Île de France around the year 1210, and became a lecturer in the 1230s. While at the University of Paris, Rigaud initially studied the liberal arts and theology under the tutelage of Alexander of Hales. He joined the Franciscan order in 1236, and became a master of theology in 1242. Rigaud was elected as archbishop of Rouen by a cathedral chapter in 1247, becoming the first Franciscan friar to do so.Rigaud: Fisquet, pp. 123–132. In March of 1248, he was consecrated by Pope Innocent IV in Lyon. In 1270, Rigaud embarked on the Eighth Crusade under the command of Louis IX of France. He was present when the king died of dysentery later that same year, and was personally responsible for overseeing the return of his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benedictine Nunneries In France
The Benedictines, officially the Order of Saint Benedict (, abbreviated as O.S.B. or OSB), are a mainly contemplative monastic order of the Catholic Church for men and for women who follow the Rule of Saint Benedict. Initiated in 529, they are the oldest of all the religious orders in the Latin Church. The male religious are also sometimes called the Black Monks, especially in English speaking countries, after the colour of their habits, although some, like the ..., although some, like the Olivetans, wear white. They were founded by Benedict of Nursia">Olivetans">..., although some, like the Olivetans, wear white. They were founded by Benedict of Nursia, a 6th-century Italian monk who laid the foundations of Benedictine monasticism through the formulation of his Rule. Benedict's sister, Scholastica, possibly his twin, also became a religious from an early age, but chose to live as a hermit. They retained a close relationship until her death. Despite being called an order, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potassium Nitrate
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with a sharp, salty, bitter taste and the chemical formula . It is a potassium salt of nitric acid. This salt consists of potassium cations and nitrate anions , and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate. It occurs in nature as a mineral, niter (or ''nitre'' outside the United States). It is a source of nitrogen, and nitrogen was named after niter. Potassium nitrate is one of several nitrogen-containing compounds collectively referred to as saltpetre (or saltpeter in the United States). Major uses of potassium nitrate are in fertilizers, tree stump removal, rocket propellants and fireworks. It is one of the major constituents of traditional gunpowder (black powder). In processed meats, potassium nitrate reacts with hemoglobin and myoglobin generating a red color. Etymology Nitre, or potassium nitrate, because of its early and global use and production, has many names. As for nitrate, Egyptian and Hebrew words for it had the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentan Abbey
Argentan Abbey otherwise Notre-Dame de la Place (;''Abbaye Notre-Dame de la Place'') is an 11th-century Benedictine abbey in Argentan, France. It is now a restaurant. A community of nuns transferred here from Almenêches Abbey in 1736 but were dispersed during the French Revolution. They reassembled at Vimoutiers in 1822 and finally returned to Argentan in 1830. As a result of fighting during World War II, the nuns were forced to flee to Sées from 1944 to 1958. It was listed as a Monument historique in 1986. See also *List of Benedictine monasteries in France This is a list of Rule of Saint Benedict, Benedictine monasteries, extant and non-extant, in the present territory of France. It includes both monks and nuns following the Rule of Saint Benedict, excluding the Cistercians, for whom see List of Cis ... References ''The Benedictine Nuns of the Abbey of St. Cécile de Solesmes sing the Agnus Dei'' Benedictine monasteries in France Buildings and structures in Orne M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Compline
Compline ( ), also known as Complin, Night Prayer, or the Prayers at the End of the Day, is the final prayer liturgy (or office) of the day in the Christian tradition of canonical hours, which are prayed at fixed prayer times. The English word is derived from the Latin , as compline is the completion of the waking day. The word was first used in this sense about the beginning of the 6th century in the ''Rule of Saint Benedict'' (''Regula Benedicti''; hereafter, RB), in Chapters 16, 17, 18, and 42, and he uses the verb ''compleo'' to signify compline: "''Omnes ergo in unum positi compleant''" ("All having assembled in one place, let them say compline"); "''et exeuntes a completorio''" ("and, after going out from compline")… (RB, Chap. 42). Compline liturgies are a part of Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Orthodox, and certain other Christian liturgical traditions. In Western Christianity, Compline tends to be a contemplative office that emphasizes sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matins
Matins (also Mattins) is a canonical hour in Christian liturgy, originally sung during the darkness of early morning (between midnight and dawn). The earliest use of the term was in reference to the canonical hour, also called the vigil, which was originally celebrated by monks from about two hours after midnight to, at latest, the dawn, the time for the canonical hour of lauds (a practice still followed in certain orders). It was divided into two or (on Sundays) three nocturns. Outside of monasteries, it was generally recited at other times of the day, often in conjunction with lauds. Liturgy In the Liturgy of the Hours of the Roman Catholic Church, Matins is also called “the Office of Readings”, which includes several psalms, a chapter of a book of Scripture (assigned according to the liturgical seasons), and a reading from the works of patristic authors or saints. In the Byzantine Rite, these vigils correspond to the aggregate comprising the Midnight office, orthros, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbey Of Saint-Evroul
Ouche Abbey or the Abbey of Saint-Evroul (; ) is a former Rule of St. Benedict, Benedictine abbey in Normandy, located in the present commune of Saint-Evroult-Notre-Dame-du-Bois, Saint-Évroult-Notre-Dame-du-Bois, Orne, Normandy. It has been classified as a Monument historique since 1967 and is designated "classé". History Founding The abbey was initially founded as a Hermitage (religious retreat), hermitage in the forest of Pays d'Ouche, Ouche by Ebrulf, Évroult around 560; by 567 it had become established as an abbey dedicated to Saint Peter, with Évroult presiding over as abbot. However, the abbey does not appear in surviving documents until the reign of Charles the Simple, when it is mentioned under the name "." Beginning in the mid-10th century, the abbey fell into disuse for nearly a century due to the Military campaign, campaigns of the Duke of the Franks, Frankish Duke Hugh the Great. Reestablishment Around the year 1050, the abbey was rebuilt by and his nephe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roger Of Montgomery
Roger de Montgomery (died 1094), also known as Roger the Great, was the first Earl of Shrewsbury, and Earl of Arundel, in Sussex. His father was Roger de Montgomery, seigneur of Montgomery, a member of the House of Montgomery, and was probably a grandnephew of the Duchess Gunnor, wife of Duke Richard I of Normandy, the great-grandfather of William the Conqueror. The elder Roger had large landholdings in central Normandy, chiefly in the valley of the River Dives, which the younger Roger inherited. Life Roger inherited his father’s estates in 1055. By the time of the Council of Lillebonne, which took place in about January of 1066, he was one of William the Conqueror's principal counsellors, playing a major role at the Council. He may not have fought in the initial invasion of England in 1066, instead staying behind to help govern Normandy. According to Wace's ''Roman de Rou'', however, he commanded the Norman right flank at Hastings, returning to Normandy with King William ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Curthose
Robert Curthose ( – February 1134, ), the eldest son of William the Conqueror, was Duke of Normandy as Robert II from 1087 to 1106. Robert was also an unsuccessful pretender to the throne of the Kingdom of England. The epithet "Curthose" originated in the Norman French word ''courtheuse'' ("short stockings"). The chroniclers William of Malmesbury and Orderic Vitalis wrote that his father had derisively called him ''brevis-ocrea'' ("short boot"). Robert's reign is noted for the discord with his brothers, the English kings William II and Henry I. He mortgaged his duchy to finance his participation in the First Crusade, where he was an important commander. In 1106, his disagreements with Henry led to defeat in the Battle of Tinchebray and lifelong captivity, with Normandy temporarily absorbed into England's possession. Early life Robert was the eldest son of William the Conqueror, the first Norman king of England and Matilda of Flanders. Estimates of Robert's birth-dat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Of Bellême, 3rd Earl Of Shrewsbury
Robert de Bellême ( – after 1130), seigneur de Bellême (or Belèsme), seigneur de Montgomery, viscount of the Hiémois, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury and Count of Ponthieu, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman, and one of the most prominent figures in the competition for the succession to England and Normandy between the sons of William the Conqueror. He was a member of the powerful House of Bellême. Robert became notorious for his alleged cruelty. Referring to his activities in the rebellion against Henry I of 1110–1112, the chronicler Orderic Vitalis, in Book XI of his ''Historia Ecclesiastica'', calls Robert "grasping and cruel, an implacable persecutor of the Church of God and the poor ... unequalled for his iniquity in the whole Christian era", as well as "the tyrant who had disturbed the land and was preparing to add still worse crimes to his many offences of plundering and burning". The stories of his brutality may have inspired the legend of Robert the Devil. Early life ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
