Alexander Howat
Alexander McWhirter Howat (1876–1945) was a Scotland, Scottish-born American coal miner and trade union leader. Howat is best remembered as the chief opponent of the Court of Industrial Relations (Kansas), Kansas Court of Industrial Relations in the early 1920s and as the leader of a radical rank-and-file revolt against the officialdom of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) in 1923. Howat's activity ultimately led to his expulsion from the UMWA in 1930, forcing him into new occupations outside the organized labor movement. Biography Early years Alexander Howat was born in Glasgow, Scotland on September 10, 1876. He emigrated to the United States as a small child, arriving with his parents in 1879.Philip S. Foner, ''History of the Labor Movement in the United States: Volume IX: The TUEL to the End of the Gompers Era.'' New York: International Publishers, 1991; pg. 216. The family lived first in Troy, New York and Braidwood, Illinois, before moving to Crawford County, Kansa ...
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