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Aleksander Lubomirski (1751–1804)
image:Opole lubelskie pałac barokowy.jpg, Lubomirski Palace (Opole Lubelskie), Lubomirski Palace in Opole Lubelskie c1770 Prince Aleksander Lubomirski (1751 in Kiev – 14 July 1804 in Vienna) was a Polish nobleman, Castellan of Kiev 1785–1790. Son of Stanisław Lubomirski (1704–1793), Stanisław Lubomirski. Inherited Lubomirski Palace (Opole Lubelskie), Lubomirski Palace, Opole Lubelskie, from his uncle Antoni Lubomirski, son of Prince Jozef Lubomirski. Married in 1787 to Rozalia Lubomirska, Rozalia Chodkiewicz, who was arrested on espionage charges in Paris during the Reign of Terror and guillotined in 1794 aged 23. They had one daughter, Alexandra Francis Rzewuska, Alexandra Francis Lubomirska, (after her mother's death, also called Rozalia, Rosalie etc.) who married the orientalist Count "Emir" Wacław Seweryn Rzewuski in Vienna in 1804. References Aleksander ks. Lubomirski z Lubomierza h. Drużyna , Genealogy of the Great Sejm Descendants 1751 births 1804 deaths C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Józef Aleksander Lubomirski
Józef Aleksander Lubomirski (1751–1817) was a Polish noble (szlachcic) and a magnate. He was Lieutenant General of the Polish Army, castellan of Kiev and Starost of Romanów, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Romanów (1774–1817) Son of Stanisław Lubomirski (1704–1793), Stanisław Lubomirski, Voivode of the Kiev Voivodeship and the Bratslav Voivodeship, brother of Michał Lubomirski, Lieutenant General of the Polish Army himself too, heir of Równe and its dependences. Married to Ludwika Sosnowska, once loved by Tadeusz Kościuszko. From 1774, he is Starost of Romanów, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Romanów (1774–1817) and armored regiment commander. Between 1786 and 1788, Head of the 12th Royal Regiment of Infantry, later the 5th Royal Regiment of Infantry. Lieutenant General from 1792. He supported the "Constitution of May 3, 1791", but hadn't fought for its defense, saying he was sick in August He remained in service at Targowica, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Targowi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Espionage
Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering, as a subfield of the intelligence field, is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information ( intelligence). A person who commits espionage on a mission-specific contract is called an ''espionage agent'' or ''spy''. A person who commits espionage as a fully employed officer of a government is called an intelligence officer. Any individual or spy ring (a cooperating group of spies), in the service of a government, company, criminal organization, or independent operation, can commit espionage. The practice is clandestine, as it is by definition unwelcome. In some circumstances, it may be a legal tool of law enforcement and in others, it may be illegal and punishable by law. Espionage is often part of an institutional effort by a government or commercial concern. However, the term tends to be associated with state spying on potential or actual enemies for military purposes. Spying involving corporations is known as c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castellans Of Kiev
A castellan, or constable, was the governor of a castle in medieval Europe. Its surrounding territory was referred to as the castellany. The word stems from . A castellan was almost always male, but could occasionally be female, as when, in 1194, Beatrice of Bourbourg inherited her father's castellany of Bourbourg upon the death of her brother, Roger. Initial functions During the Migration Period after the fall of the Western Roman Empire (third to sixth century), foreign tribes entered Western Europe, causing strife. The answer to recurrent invasion was to create fortified areas which evolved into castles. Some military leaders gained control of several areas, each with a castle. The problem lay in exerting control and authority in each area when a leader could only be in one place at a time. To overcome this, they appointed castellans as their trusted vassals to manage a castle in exchange for obligations to the landlord, often a noble. In the 9th century, as fortifications ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1804 Deaths
Events January–March * January 1 – Haiti gains independence from France, and becomes the first black republic. * February 4 – The Sokoto Caliphate is founded in West Africa. * February 14 – The First Serbian uprising begins the Serbian Revolution. By 1817, the Principality of Serbia will have proclaimed self-rule from the Ottoman Empire, the first nation-state in Europe to do so. * February 15 – New Jersey becomes the last of the northern United States to abolish slavery. * February 16 – First Barbary War: Stephen Decatur leads a raid to burn the pirate-held frigate at Tripoli to deny her further use by the captors. * February 18 – Ohio University is chartered by the Ohio General Assembly. * February 20 – Hobart is established in its permanent location in Van Diemen's Land (modern-day Tasmania) as a British penal colony. * February 21 – Cornishman Richard Trevithick's newly built ''Penydarren'' steam locomotive operates on the Merthyr Tramroad, betwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1751 Births
In Britain and its colonies (except Scotland), 1751 only had 282 days due to the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750, which ended the year on 31 December (rather than nearly three months later according to its previous rule). Events January–March * January 1 – As the Province of Georgia undergoes the transition from a trustee-operated territory to a Crown colony, the prohibition against slavery is lifted by the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America. At the time, the Black population of Georgia is approximately 400 people, who had been kept in slavery in violation of the law. By 1790, the enslaved population of Georgia increases to over 29,000 and to 462,000 by 1860. * January 7 – The University of Pennsylvania, conceived 12 years earlier by Benjamin Franklin and its other trustees to provide non-denominational higher education "to train young people for leadership in business, government and public service". rather than for t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wacław Seweryn Rzewuski
Wacław Seweryn Rzewuski (15 December 1784 – 14 May 1831) was a Polish explorer, poet, orientalism, orientalist and horse expert.T. Miciński: "Emir Rzewuski" Early life Wacław Rzewuski family, Rzewuski was born 15 December 1784 in Lvov, Lwów. He was the son of field Hetman Seweryn Rzewuski whose family held enormous estates in Ukraine, and Princess Konstancja Małgorzata Lubomirska of the influential Lubomirski family. His parents moved the family to Vienna after the Third Partition of Poland and he was educated at the elite Theresianum. In 1806 he married Alexandra Francis Rzewuska, Alexandra, another descendant of the Lubomirski family. He served in the Imperial and Royal Army during the Napoleonic Wars, Austrian army, fighting at Aspern-Essling in 1809, as a second lieutenant in the regiment of Hussars and was Military discharge#Commissioned officers, dismissed in 1811. During his time in Vienna, his relative, the famous traveler and adventurer, Jan Potocki, stirred hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandra Francis Rzewuska
Aleksandra Franciszka Lubomirska (nicknamed Rosalie by her father) (1788 in Kiev – 11 January 1865 in Warsaw) was a Polish aristocrat, artist and writer from the Lubomirski family. She was the daughter of Prince Aleksander Lubomirski (1751–1804), Alexander Lubomirski, Castellans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Castellan of Kiev (Kijów), and Rozalia Lubomirska, née Chodkiewicz family, Chodkiewicz. Life image:Rajecka_A_girl_with_a_dove.jpg, 150px, left, Her mother, Rozalia Lubomirska, painted c1789–1790 by Anna Rajecka image:ConciergerieWomenCourt.jpg, The women's courtyard in the Conciergerie prisons, where she was held, aged 7, in 1794 In 1794 her mother, Rozalia Lubomirska, Rozalia, was living in Paris and was arrested during the Reign of Terror; her house was frequented by British spies and Girondin counter-revolutionaries. The seven year-old Rosalie was incarcerated with her mother, who was guillotined on 30 June 1794 aged 25. The child was left alone, at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillotine
A guillotine ( ) is an apparatus designed for effectively carrying out executions by Decapitation, beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame with a weighted and angled blade suspended at the top. The condemned person is secured with a pillory at the bottom of the frame, holding the position of the neck directly below the blade. The blade is then released, swiftly and forcefully decapitating the victim with a single, clean pass; the head falls into a basket or other receptacle below. The guillotine is best known for its use in France, particularly during the French Revolution, where the revolution's supporters celebrated it as the people's avenger and the revolution's opponents vilified it as the pre-eminent symbol of the violence of the Reign of Terror. While the name "guillotine" dates from this period, similar devices had been in use elsewhere in Europe over several centuries. Use of an oblique blade and the pillory-like restraint device set this type of gui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reign Of Terror
The Reign of Terror (French: ''La Terreur'', literally "The Terror") was a period of the French Revolution when, following the creation of the French First Republic, First Republic, a series of massacres and Capital punishment in France, numerous public executions took place in response to the Federalist revolts, revolutionary fervour, Anti-clericalism, anticlerical sentiment, and accusations of treason by the Committee of Public Safety. While terror was never formally instituted as a legal policy by the Convention, it was more often employed as a concept. Historians disagree when exactly "the Terror" began. Some consider it to have begun in 1793, often giving the date as 5 September or 10 March, when the Revolutionary Tribunal came into existence. Others cite the earlier September Massacres in 1792, or even July 1789 when the first killing of the revolution occurred. Will Durant stated that "strictly, it should be dated from the Law of Suspects, September 17, 1793, to the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, fourth-most populous city in the European Union and the List of cities proper by population density, 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, culture, Fashion capital, fashion, and gastronomy. Because of its leading role in the French art, arts and Science and technology in France, sciences and its early adoption of extensive street lighting, Paris became known as the City of Light in the 19th century. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 inhabitants in January 2023, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rozalia Lubomirska
Rozalia Lubomirska (; 16 September 1768 in Chernobyl – 29 June 1794 in Paris) was a Polish noblewoman, most noted for her death. Life She was the daughter of Count Jan Mikołaj Chodkiewicz and Countess Maria Ludwika Rzewuska, who was a daughter of hetman and writer Wacław Rzewuski. She was married in 1787 (at the age of 19) to Prince Aleksander Lubomirski. A year later she bore their daughter, Aleksandra. Known for her beauty, Rozalia travelled to France, where she was rumoured to have some romantic affairs. Anna Rajecka's painting ''Girl with a Dove'' comes from that period. The allegory of virginity and innocence was meant to contradict the widespread gossip. Unhappy in her marriage, she decided to divorce her husband and did not accompany him on his way back to Poland. During the Revolution she was arrested along with her child, and tried for alleged conspiracy against the Revolution, and cooperation with the royalists. As a result, the 26-year-old princess was se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opole Lubelskie Pałac Barokowy
Opole (; ; ; ) is a city located in southern Poland on the Oder River and the historical capital of Upper Silesia. With a population of approximately 127,387 as of the 2021 census, it is the capital of Opole Voivodeship (province) and the seat of Opole County. Its metropolitan area was home to 146,522 inhabitants. It is the largest city in its province. Its history dates to the 8th century, and Opole is one of the oldest cities in Poland. An important stronghold in Poland, it became a capital of a Duchy of Opole, duchy within medieval Poland in 1172, and in 1217 it was granted city rights by Duke Casimir I of Opole, the great-grandson of Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth. During the Medieval Period and the Renaissance, the city was known as a centre of commerce; several main trade routes intersected here, which helped to generate steady profits from transit trade. The rapid development of the town was also caused by the establishment of a seat of regency in Opole in 1816. The fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
