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Alcobaça Formation
The Alcobaça Formation, previously known as the Guimarota Formation and also known as the Consolação Unit, is a geological Formation (geology), formation in Portugal. It dates back to the Kimmeridgian stage of the Late Jurassic. It is an important source of information on the diversity of Late Jurassic mammals. Many of the fossils were collected from the now disused and flooded Camadas de Guimarota coal mine. Vertebrate paleofauna Dinosaur eggs are geographically located in Lisbon District, Portugal. Dinosaur tracks are geographically located in Leiria District, Portugal. Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes Amphibians Albanerpetontidae, Albanerpetontids are one of the most numerous faunal components of the Guimarota mine with around 9000 isolated remains, including parts of the skull and limbs. Remains of indeterminate salamanders and frogs are also present but far rarer. Choristoderes Ornithischians Indeterminate euornithopod remains located in Lisbon District. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geological Formation
A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics (lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exposed in a geographical region (the stratigraphic column). It is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy, the study of strata or rock layers. A formation must be large enough that it can be mapped at the surface or traced in the subsurface. Formations are otherwise not defined by the thickness (geology), thickness of their rock strata, which can vary widely. They are usually, but not universally, tabular in form. They may consist of a single lithology (rock type), or of alternating beds of two or more lithologies, or even a heterogeneous mixture of lithologies, so long as this distinguishes them from adjacent bodies of rock. The concept of a geologic formation goes back to the beginnings of modern scientific geology. The term was used by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lusitanian Basin
The Lusitanian Basin is a rift Depression (geology), basin remnant located on both the mainland and continental shelf off the west-central coast of Portugal. It covers an area measuring and extends north-south from Porto to Lisbon. The basin varies between approximately and in width and belongs to a family of periatlantic basins such as the Jeanne d'Arc Basin. To the east of the Lusitanian Basin lies the Central Plateau of the Iberian Peninsula. A marginal Horst (geology), horst system lies to the west. The Alentejo Basin, Alentejo and Algarve Basins connect to the southern end of the Lusitanian Basin. In the north, it connects to the Porto and Galicia Basins via an undersea ridge. Geologic history Tectonics The Lusitanian Basin results from the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean due to Mesozoic extension. Throughout the complete formation of the basin, from the Late Triassic to the Cretaceous, five distinct phases can be defined, with four stages of rifting activity: * In t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proscinetes
''Proscinetes'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric pycnodontiform ray-finned fish from the Jurassic. ''Proscinetes'' is the type genus to the subfamily Proscinetinae, whose only other known members are '' Neoproscinetes, Turbomesodon'', '' Turboscinetes'' and '' Thiollierepycnodus.'' Distribution Fossils of the ''P. elegans'' and ''P. bernardi'' are both found in Southern Germany and in Cerin, France. ''P. itieri'' is also found in Cerin, and ''P. radiatus'' is found in Southern England. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish This list of prehistoric bony fish is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all Genus, genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be bony fish (class Osteichthyes), excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includ ... References Pycnodontiformes genera Jurassic bony fish Extinct animals of Europe {{Jurassic-fish-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osteichthyes
Osteichthyes ( ; ), also known as osteichthyans or commonly referred to as the bony fish, is a Biodiversity, diverse clade of vertebrate animals that have endoskeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. They can be contrasted with the Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) and the extinct placoderms and acanthodians, which have endoskeletons primarily composed of cartilage. The vast majority of extant taxon, extant fish are members of Osteichthyes, being an extremely diverse and abundant group consisting of 45 order (biology), orders, over 435 family (biology), families and 28,000 species. The group is divided into two main clades, the ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii, which makes up the vast majority of extant fish) and the lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii, which gave rise to all land vertebrates, i.e. tetrapods). The oldest known fossils of bony fish are about 425 million years old from the late Silurian, which are also transitional fossils showing a dentition, tooth pattern th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batomorphi
Batomorphi is a division of cartilaginous fishes, commonly known as rays, this taxon is also known as the superorder Batoidea, but the 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies it as the division Batomorphi. They and their close relatives, the sharks, compose the subclass Elasmobranchii. Rays are the largest group of cartilaginous fishes, with well over 600 species in 26 families. Rays are distinguished by their flattened bodies, enlarged pectoral fins that are fused to the head, and gill slits that are placed on their ventral surfaces. Anatomy Batomorphs are flat-bodied, and, like sharks, are cartilaginous fish, meaning they have a boneless skeleton made of a tough, elastic cartilage. Most batomorphs have five ventral slot-like body openings called gill slits that lead from the gills, but the Hexatrygonidae have six. Batomorph gill slits lie under the pectoral fins on the underside, whereas a shark's are on the sides of the head. Most batomorphs have a flat, mantle-l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orectolobiformes
Carpet sharks are sharks classified in the order (biology), order Orectolobiformes . Sometimes the common name "carpet shark" (given because many species resemble ornately patterned carpets) is used interchangeably with "wobbegong", which is the common name of sharks in the family Orectolobidae. Carpet sharks have five gill slits, two spineless dorsal fins, and a small mouth that does not extend past the eyes. Many species have barbel (anatomy), barbels. Characteristics The carpet sharks are a diverse group of sharks with differing sizes, appearances, diets, and habits. They first appeared in the fossil record in the Early Jurassic; the oldest known orectolobiform genera are ''Folipistrix'' (known from Toarcian to Aalenian of Belgium and Germany), ''Palaeobrachaelurus'' (Aalenian to Barremian) and ''Annea (fish), Annea'' (Toarcian to Bajocian of Europe). All species have two dorsal fins and a relatively short, transverse mouth that does not extend behind the eyes. Besides the nost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asteracanthus Image
''Asteracanthus'' (from , 'star' and , 'spine') is an extinct genus of hybodont, known from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) to the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian). Description ''Asteracanthus'' was among the largest known hybodontiforms, reaching a length of . The dentition of ''Astercanthus'' is high crowned and multicusped. The low-rounded teeth previously attributed to the genus actually belong to '' Strophodus''. Like ''Strophodus'', the fin spines are covered in tubercles, rather than the ribbing typical of other hybodont fin spines. Fossil records The genus as currently circumscribed dates from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) to Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) of Europe, including Germany, Switzerland, England and France. A complete skeleton was described in 2021 from the Late Jurassic (Tithonian) aged Solnhofen Limestone. Previously considered synonymous, the genus '' Strophodus'' (Middle Triassic-Late Cretaceous) is now considered distinct, with the teeth of ''Asteraca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asteracanthus
''Asteracanthus'' (from , 'star' and , 'spine') is an extinct genus of hybodont, known from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) to the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian). Description ''Asteracanthus'' was among the largest known hybodontiforms, reaching a length of . The dentition of ''Astercanthus'' is high crowned and multicusped. The low-rounded teeth previously attributed to the genus actually belong to '' Strophodus''. Like ''Strophodus'', the fin spines are covered in tubercles, rather than the ribbing typical of other hybodont fin spines. Fossil records The genus as currently circumscribed dates from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) to Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) of Europe, including Germany, Switzerland, England and France. A complete skeleton was described in 2021 from the Late Jurassic (Tithonian) aged Solnhofen Limestone. Previously considered synonymous, the genus '' Strophodus'' (Middle Triassic-Late Cretaceous) is now considered distinct, with the teeth of ''Asterac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hybodus
''Hybodus'' (from , 'crooked' and 'tooth') is an extinct genus of Hybodontiformes, hybodont. Species closely related to the type species ''Hybodus reticulatus'' lived during the Early Jurassic epoch. Numerous species have been assigned to ''Hybodus'' spanning a large period of time, and it is currently considered a wastebasket taxon that is 'broadly polyphyletic' and requires reexamination. Description ''Hybodus'' species typically grew to about in length, with larger specimens of ''H. hauffianus'' reaching about . It possessed a streamlined body shape similar to modern sharks, with two similarly sized dorsal fins. As in other Hybodontiformes, dentinous fin spines were present on the dorsal fins of ''Hybodus,'' which in this genus exhibit a rib-like ornamentation located towards the tip of the spine, with rows of hooked Denticle (tooth feature), denticles present on the posterior side. The males possessed claspers, specialized organs that directly insert sperm into the female, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chondrichthyes
Chondrichthyes (; ) is a class of jawed fish that contains the cartilaginous fish or chondrichthyans, which all have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage. They can be contrasted with the Osteichthyes or ''bony fish'', which have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. Chondrichthyes are aquatic vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, placoid scales, conus arteriosus in the heart, and a lack of opercula and swim bladders. Within the infraphylum Gnathostomata, cartilaginous fishes are distinct from all other jawed vertebrates. The class is divided into two subclasses: Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, skates and sawfish) and Holocephali ( chimaeras, sometimes called ghost sharks, which are sometimes separated into their own class). Extant chondrichthyans range in size from the finless sleeper ray to the over whale shark. Anatomy Skeleton The skeleton is cartilaginous. The notochord is gradually replaced by a vertebral column during development, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
