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Albanian Civil War (1943–1944)
The Albanian Civil War was an armed conflict that took place alongside World War II in Albania. The war was fought between LANÇ on one side, and Balli Kombëtar and Legality Movement on the other. The conflict was a classic confrontation between two Albanian political currents, the right-wing and the left-wing. The conflict began after the breakdown of the Mukje Agreement by the Communists, following the orders of the Yugoslav envoys stationed with them. Prelude From August 1–3, 1943, in the village of Mukaj in Krujë, under the influence of Abaz Kupi, a joint meeting was held between the delegates of LANÇ and Balli Kombëtar. The purpose was to unite Albanian forces under a single front to fight against the occupiers. Initially, discussions began in the village of Tapizë, near Krujë, on July 26, before being moved to Mukje. The two groups reached an agreement in principle and signed the Mukje Agreement, which proposed the formation of the Committee for the Salvation o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II In Albania
In Albania, World War II began with its invasion by Italy in April 1939. Fascist Italy set up Albania as its protectorate or puppet state. The resistance was largely carried out by Communist groups against the Italian (until 1943) and then German occupation in Albania. At first independent, the Communist groups united in the beginning of 1942, which ultimately led to the successful liberation of the country in 1944. The Center for Relief to Civilian Populations (Geneva) reported that Albania was one of the most devastated countries in Europe. 60,000 houses were destroyed and about 10% of the population was left homeless. Background In 1938, Germany annexed Austria and moved against Czechoslovakia without notifying Italian dictator Benito Mussolini in advance, so he decided in early 1939 to proceed with his own annexation of Albania. Italy's King Victor Emmanuel III criticised the plan to take Albania as an unnecessary risk. Italy, however, issued an ultimatum to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmet Shehu
Mehmet Ismail Shehu (January 10, 1913 – December 18, 1981) was an Albanian Communism, communist politician who served as the Prime Minister of Albania, Prime Minister of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1954 to 1981. He was known as a close confidant of Enver Hoxha and served in various high-ranking positions in the government. Shehu was Chief of the General Staff (Albania), Chief of the General Staff of the Albanian People's Army from 1946 to 1948 and later served as Ministry of Internal Affairs (Albania), Minister of the Interior from 1948 to 1954. He then assumed the position of Council of Ministers (Albania), Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) from 1954 to 1981 and additionally served as Ministry of Defence (Albania), Minister of People's Defense from 1974 to 1980. Shehu was often regarded as the right hand of Enver Hoxha and played a central role in Albania's political leadership during that era. In 1938, he joined the International Brigade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadri Cakrani , subgroup of Islamic dervishes
{{disambiguation, surname ...
Kadri may refer to: People * Kadri (name), a personal name Places * Kadri, Mangalore, a neighbourhood in Mangalore, India See also * Kadiri, a place of Hindu pilgrimage in Andhra Pradesh, India * Balakadri, form of traditional music on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe * Qadiriyyah The Qadiriyya () or the Qadiri order () is a Sunni Sufi order (''Tariqa'') founded by Abdul Qadir Gilani (1077–1166, also transliterated ''Jilani''), who was a Hanbali scholar from Gilan, Iran. The order, with its many sub-orders, is wides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aziz Çami
Aziz Çami (1893 – 15 December 1943) was an Albanian army officer and Balli Kombëtar commander. In 1920 he was a commander in the Vlora War. In the mid-1920s, he was exiled after the restoration of the monarchy as he was a supporter of Fan Noli. In 1931, he was arrested for an assassination attempt against King Zog I. During World War II, he joined the ranks of the Balli Kombëtar and fought with Nazi Germany. He was assassinated in Tirana in 1943. Life Aziz Çami, a member of the Cham Albanian Çami family, was born in Janjar, then part of the Ottoman kaza of Filiates. In 1917 he graduated from the military academy of Torino as an artillery officer. After his participation in the Vlora War in 1920, Çami became a follower of Fan Noli. He became an activist of the Komiteti Nacional Revolucionar (''KONARE'') (), created and led by Noli on 25 November 1925 in Vienna, which aimed at overthrowing the Zog of Albania regime. Hasan Prishtina and Mustafa Merlika-Kruja, two people t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abas Ermenji
Abas Ermenji (12 December 1913 – 13 March 2003) was an Albanian politician, historian and nationalist fighter with social democratic views who opposed the Albanian monarchy and Communism. History Ermenji was born in the village of Ermenj, Skrapar on 12 December 1913. He was educated in the Berat elementary and middle school. He attended high school in Shkodra. Between 1934 and 1938, Ermenji went to university at the Sorbonne, Paris and was a member of the Faculty of Literature with a specialization in History. Ermenji returned to Albania in 1938 and was appointed professor at the Lycée of Korçë where he taught until November 1939. He was arrested on 28 November 1939 by the Italians as one of the organizers of a rally against the fascist occupation in Korça. He went into exile on the island of Ventotene. In 1941, Ermenji returned to Albania and helped organise the National Front (Balli Kombëtar). He took part in organizing armed resistance against foreign occupat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Këlcyra
Ali Bey Këlcyra (May 28, 1891 – September 24, 1963) born Ali Klissura, was an Albanian lord and a member of the Albanian parliament in the 1920s. He was co-founder with Mid'hat Frashëri of the Balli Kombëtar organization in 1942, and the cosigner of the Dalmazzo-Këlcyra agreement with Lorenzo Dalmazzo.European resistance movements, 1939-1945: proceedings Page 12 Biography Early life Këlcyra was born in Këlcyrë on 28 May 1891, to Xhemal bey Klissura and Hana Luarasi. He went to grammar school in Këlcyrë and then graduated from the Galatasaray High School in Istanbul, Turkey (then Ottoman Empire). He then studied political and administrative sciences at the Mülkiye school in Istanbul. After the beginning of World War I he returned to Këlcyrë. During the Greek Invasion of Albania in 1914 he went to Vlorë along with other emigrants. He met there with Prince Von Wied and the princess Sophie who had come to visit the emigrants. He left the country to go to San ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ndoc Çoba
Ndoc Çoba (1870–1945) was an Albanian economist, publicist and politician who served as Minister of Finances in the Delvina Government. Biography Ndoc Çoba was born on July 27, 1870, in Shkodër, Albania then Ottoman Empire. After completing his high school education at the Saverian College in his hometown, he attended the Faculty of Economics in Venice where he met his future wife, Shaqe Shiroka. By 1908, he was a member of the "Gjuha Shqipe" club which was founded by Kel Marubi. In 1913, he was named director of customs in Shkodër. From 1914 to 1915 he served as a member of the commission for the administration of Shkodër. Çoba participated at the Congress of Durrës in 1918 and that of Lushnjë in 1920. Shortly after, he joined the cabinet of Sulejman Delvina as Minister of Finances. From August 27, 1937, until June 24, 1939, he served as mayor of Shkodër Municipality. He was elected meeting chairman of the Peza Conference on September 16, 1942. Two months later, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Nicholls (British Army Officer)
Brigadier Arthur Frederick Crane Nicholls, (6 February 1911 – 11 February 1944) was a British Army officer who was awarded the George Cross for gallantry and leadership on active service with the Special Operations Executive in Albania in 1944. He is the only member of the Coldstream Guards to have been awarded the decoration. Early life Nicholls was born in Hampstead on 6 February 1911. He attended Shardlow Hall, Marlborough College in Wiltshire and studied law at Pembroke College, Cambridge. After graduating in 1933, he worked as a stockbroker. He was commissioned into the 86th (East Anglian) (Hertfordshire Yeomanry) Field Brigade, Royal Artillery, Territorial Army as a second lieutenant in August 1933, was promoted lieutenant on 3 August 1936, and transferred to the Coldstream Guards (Supplementary Reserve) in May 1937. Second World War Mobilised in 1939, Nicholls went to France with the 2nd Battalion Coldstream Guards, but was soon posted to the Headquarters of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baba Faja Martaneshi
Baba Faja Martaneshi (1910 - 18 March 1947) was an Albanian Bektashi ''baba'' (Sufi) and a resistance leader during the National Liberation War of the Albanian People. Biography Baba Faja was born Mustafa Xhani in Luz i Madh, Kavajë. He pursued religious studies to become a ''baba'' at the '' tekke'' of Martanesh, where he acquired the religious name he would become popularly known by. Following the Italian invasion of Albania he led one of the earliest guerrilla bands against the occupiers, denouncing Fascist Italy as anti-Islamic and establishing contacts with the Albanian communist movement, becoming one of the most wanted men in the country in the process. In his memoirs Enver Hoxha wrote that during the war the Baba was "one of those clergy men who wore the cap and the cloak of a dervish, but who had Albania in his heart and in his hand the rifle for its liberation. . . . edid not discard his clerical cap and robe, and he was quite right, because in this way he rendered ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zija Kambo (1916–1942), Bosnian writer
{{Given name ...
Zija is a given name. Notable people with the name include: * Zija Azizov (born 1998), Azerbaijani footballer *Zija Dibra, Ottoman and Albanian officer and politician *Zija Dizdarević Zija Dizdarević (18 February 1916 – 1942) was a Bosnian prose writer. Brother of Raif Dizdarević. Biography He was born in Vitina, Ljubuški municipality, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary to Bosnian parents Šefkija Dizdarevi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hulusi Spahia
The ''hulusi'' (), also known as the cucurbit flute and the gourd flute, is a free reed wind instrument from China, Vietnam, and the Shan State, played also by the indigenous people of Assam. It is held vertically and has three bamboo pipes that pass through a Calabash gourd wind chest; the center pipe has finger holes and the outer two are typically drone pipes. It is not uncommon for a ''hulusi'' to have only one drone pipe while the second outer pipe is merely ornamental. The drone pipe has a finger hole which allows it to be stopped. Advanced configurations have keyed finger holes similar to a clarinet or oboe, which can greatly extend the range of the ''hulusi'' to several octaves. The ''hulusi'' was originally used primarily in the Shan State of Myanmar, Yunnan province in southwest China, and Assam in northeastern India by a number of ethnic-minority groups, in particular the Dai people who call the instrument "pi lamtao" (Chinese: 筚朗叨 or 筚郎叨); the word '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hysen Stafa
Hysen is a male given name and a surname and may refer to: Given name * Hysen Bytyqi (born 1968), Kosovan animal scientist * Hysen Dedja (born 1960), Albanian footballer and manager * Hysen Hakani (1932–2011), Albanian film director and screenwriter * Hysen Hostopalli, Albanian politician * Hysen Hoxha (1861–1934), Albanian politician * Hysen Memolla (born 1992), Albanian association football player * Hysen Osmanaj (born 1957), member of the Central Election Commission of Albania * Hysen Pulaku (born 1992), Albanian Weightlifter * Hysen Vrioni (1881–1944), Albanian politician * Hysen Zmijani (born 1963), Albanian soccer player Surname * see Hysén See also * Hysen Pasha Mosque Hysen Pasha Mosque () or Clock Mosque ''(Xhamia e Sahatit)'' is a Cultural Monument of Albania, located in Berat. It was built in 1670 by Hussein Pasha. It is named Clock Mosque because in 1870 the Ottomans built a clock tower next to it. The clo ... {{given name Albanian masculine given names Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
