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Akysidae
The stream catfishes comprise the family Akysidae of catfishes. Distribution and habitat Akysids are known from across a large area in Southeast Asia. They are found in fresh water. Fish of the subfamily Parakysinae are primarily found in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Sarawak, and western and southern Borneo. Most species are generally found in deeper parts of relatively swift rivers and forest streams. Taxonomy It includes at least 57 species in five genera; many species are only recently described. The family is divided into two subfamilies, Akysinae and Parakysinae. The Parakysinae had previously been listed as an independent family. This family is sister to a clade formed by Sisoridae, Erethistidae, and Aspredinidae. Description Akysids are small to minute fishes with cryptic colouration, tiny eyes, and completely covered with unculiferous plaques or tubercles. In some genera, some of the tubercles on the body are enlarged and arranged in distinctive longitudinal rows, the n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akysis
''Akysis'' is the largest genus of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Akysidae. Taxonomy In 1996, it was determined that ''Akysis'' is the sister group to all other akysids, then only including ''Parakysis'', ''Acrochordonichthys'', and '' Breitensteinia''. However, it was acknowledged that the genus ''Akysis'' was poorly sampled at the time and may be deemed non-monophyletic in the future. In 1998, it was recognized that the large genus ''Akysis'' includes two species groups. The first species group was the ''Akysis variegatus'' group, for species more closely related to the type species; the other group was the ''pseudobagarius'' group for species more closely related to the formerly-named ''Akysis pseudobagarius''; the authors recognized it as conceivable that the groups represented two genera, but tentatively retained the species in a single genus. Since then, the genus '' Pseudobagarius'' was erected for this species group, leaving only members of the ''A. variegat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catfish
Catfish (or catfishes; order (biology), order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. Catfish are common name, named for their prominent barbel (anatomy), barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers, though not all catfish have prominent barbels or "whiskers", with some seemingly not having them. Siluriformes as a whole are Fish scale, scale-less, with neither the Armoured catfish, armour-plated nor the naked species having scales. This order of fish are Autapomorphy, defined by features of the skull and swimbladder. Catfish range in size and behavior from the three List of largest fish, largest species alive, the Mekong giant catfish from Southeast Asia, the wels catfish of Eurasia, and the piraíba of South America, to detritivorous and scavenging bottom feeders, down to tiny ectoparasitic species known as the Candiru (fish), candirus. In the Southern United States, catfish species may be known by a variety of slang names, such as "mud cat", " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parakysis
''Parakysis'' is a genus of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Akysidae. It includes six species. Distribution ''Parakysis'' species are found in small forest streams of Sundaic Southeast Asia. ''P. anomalopteryx'' originates from the Kapuas River basin in western Borneo. ''P. grandis'' inhabits the Kapuas and Kuching River basins in Borneo and Deli, Indragiri, and Batang Hari basins in Sumatra. ''P. longirostris'' is distributed in Singapore, peninsular Malaysia, and the Riau Archipelago. ''P. verrucosus'' is known from Peninsular Malaysia and the Riau Archipelago. The discovery of ''P. notialis'' in 2003 expanded the known range of ''Parakysis'' species to the Barito River basin in southern Borneo. Description They are cryptically colored fishes that have a highly rugose skin with tubercles all over the body, branched mandibular barbels, a long, low adipose ridge, and a forked caudal fin. ''Parakysis'' species characteristically have pigmented tubercles and l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudobagarius
''Pseudobagarius'' is a genus of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Akysidae. Taxonomy ''Pseudobagarius'' includes species that were originally part of the ''pseudobagarius'' group of the genus ''Akysis''. This group was first recognized in 1998; the authors recognized it as conceivable that this group and the ''Akysis variegatus'' represented two genera, but tentatively retained the species in a single genus. The genus was erected for these species in 2007. Distribution and habitat ''Pseudobagarius'' species are from Southeast Asia, including Borneo, Cambodia, China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. ''Pseudobagarius'' species typically inhabit clear, swiftly flowing upland streams with sandy or rocky substrates. However, ''P. similis'' is known to occur in brackish water. Description ''Pseudobagarius'' species are akysids with the snout extending well anterior of the margin of lower jaw (which renders the mouth subterminal), the anterior and posterior nostrils relatively ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breitensteinia
''Breitensteinia'' is a genus of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Akysidae. It includes three species. Taxonomy ''B. insignis'' was first described for an unusual akysid by Franz Steindachner in 1881. The genus had been monotypic since its description until a revision in 1998, along with the description of the two species ''B. cessator'' and ''B. hypselurus''. This genus stands out as derived among the akysids due to the large increase in vertebrae count. ''B. insignis'' and ''B. cessator'' are more closely related to one another than to ''B. hypselurus'', the sister group to the clade formed by the former two species. Species * '' Breitensteinia cessator'' Ng & Siebert, 1998 * '' Breitensteinia hypselurus'' Ng & Siebert, 1998 * '' Breitensteinia insignis'' Steindachner, 1881 Distribution and habitat ''Breitensteinia'' species inhabit the middle and upper reaches of rivers in Borneo and Sumatra. ''B. cessator'' is known from the Batang Hari and Tulangbawan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acrochordonichthys Rugosus
''Acrochordonichthys'' is a genus of catfishes (order (biology), order Siluriformes) of the family (biology), family Akysidae. It includes ten species. Distribution and habitat ''Acrochordonichthys'' species are generally found at the bottoms of rivers throughout Southeast Asia. Many of the species are only known from Borneo. ''A. guttatus'' is known only from the Barito River drainage in southern Borneo. ''A. mahakamensis'' is known only from the Mahakam River drainage in eastern Borneo it is named for. ''A. chamaeleon'' and ''A. strigosus'' are known only from the Kapuas River drainage in western Borneo. ''A. falcifer'' is known only from the Kinabatangan River, Kinabatangan and Segama River drainages, and possibly from the Kayan River drainage, in north-eastern Borneo. ''A. pachyderma'' is known only from the Kapuas, Mahakam, and Kinabatangan River drainages in western, eastern, and north-eastern Borneo, respectively. ''A. septentrionalis'' is known only from the Mae Klong Riv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acrochordonichthys
''Acrochordonichthys'' is a genus of catfishes ( order Siluriformes) of the family Akysidae. It includes ten species. Distribution and habitat ''Acrochordonichthys'' species are generally found at the bottoms of rivers throughout Southeast Asia. Many of the species are only known from Borneo. ''A. guttatus'' is known only from the Barito River drainage in southern Borneo. ''A. mahakamensis'' is known only from the Mahakam River drainage in eastern Borneo it is named for. ''A. chamaeleon'' and ''A. strigosus'' are known only from the Kapuas River drainage in western Borneo. ''A. falcifer'' is known only from the Kinabatangan and Segama River drainages, and possibly from the Kayan River drainage, in north-eastern Borneo. ''A. pachyderma'' is known only from the Kapuas, Mahakam, and Kinabatangan River drainages in western, eastern, and north-eastern Borneo, respectively. ''A. septentrionalis'' is known only from the Mae Klong River drainage in Thailand and the Pahang Ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erethistidae
Erethistidae are a family of catfishes that originate from southern Asia. It includes about 45 species. Taxonomy This family includes species previously placed in Sisoridae. They were removed because they were thought to be more closely related to the neotropical Aspredinidae than to the remaining sisorids due to a number of morphological characters. However, it has been suggested that the erethistid catfishes be included back into Sisoridae and some genera are included in that family by some authorities. Distribution Erethistids are found on the Indian subcontinent eastwards to western Thailand and northern Malay Peninsula. Description Many of the members of this family are small, cryptically colored fish with tubercle, tuberculate skin. Erethistids are distinguished from sisorids by having a pectoral girdle with a long coracoid process that extends well beyond the base of the pectoral fin; this structure can be felt through the skin in all genera and is visible externally in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gill Raker
Gill rakers in fish are bony or cartilaginous processes that project from the branchial arch (gill arch) and are involved with suspension feeding tiny prey. They are not to be confused with the gill filaments that compose the fleshy part of the gill used for gas exchange. Rakers are usually present in two rows, projecting from both the anterior and posterior side of each gill arch. Rakers are widely varied in number, spacing, and form. By preventing food particles from exiting the spaces between the gill arches, they enable the retention of food particles in filter feeders. The structure and spacing of gill rakers in fish determines the size of food particles trapped, and correlates with feeding behavior. Fish with densely spaced, elongated, comb-like gill rakers are efficient at filtering tiny prey, whereas carnivores and omnivores often have more widely spaced gill rakers with secondary projections. Because gill raker characters often vary between closely related taxa, they a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pectoral Fin
Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish aquatic locomotion, swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the vertebral column, back bone and are supported only by muscles. Fish fins are distinctive anatomical features with varying structures among different clades: in ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii), fins are mainly composed of bone, bony spine (zoology), spines or ray (fish fin anatomy), rays covered by a thin stretch of fish scale, scaleless skin; in lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii) such as coelacanths and lungfish, fins are short rays based around a muscular central limb bud, bud supported by appendicular skeleton, jointed bones; in cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) and jawless fish (Agnatha), fins are fleshy "flipper (anatomy), flippers" supported by a cartilaginous skeleton. Fins at different locations of the fish body serve different purposes, and are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach to taxonomy adopted by most biological fields. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or Extant taxon, extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed ''monophyletic'' (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming Taxon, taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not Monophyly, monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms that the molecul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adipose Fin
Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the back bone and are supported only by muscles. Fish fins are distinctive anatomical features with varying structures among different clades: in ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii), fins are mainly composed of bony spines or rays covered by a thin stretch of scaleless skin; in lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii) such as coelacanths and lungfish, fins are short rays based around a muscular central bud supported by jointed bones; in cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) and jawless fish (Agnatha), fins are fleshy " flippers" supported by a cartilaginous skeleton. Fins at different locations of the fish body serve different purposes, and are divided into two groups: the midsagittal ''unpaired fins'' and the more laterally located ''paired fins''. Unpaired fins are predominantly a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
