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Afnán
Afnán (, "Branches") is a term in literature of the Baháʼà Faith referring to maternal relatives of the Báb, and is used as a surname by their descendants. The Báb's wife was named KhadÃjih-Bagum, who had two brothers, Hajjà MÃrzá Abu'l-Qasim and Hajjà MÃrzá Siyyid Hasan. The descendants of these two brothers-in-law of the Báb, along with the descendants of his maternal uncles are known as the Afnán. The Afnán are of the Sayyid class, i.e. claiming descent from the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. In the late 19th century the family established a large trading business based in Shiraz and Yazd in Iran, with offices in Beirut, Bombay, Hong Kong and Ê»Ishqábád. They published some of the first Baháʼà literature from their printing press in Bombay. Baháʼà scriptures grant a special station to the members of the Afnán, indicating that BaháʼÃs should treat them with particular respect and courtesy, but do not grant them any administrative or spiritual authority ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shoghi Effendi
Shoghà Effendi (; ;1896 or 1897 – 4 November 1957) was Guardian of the Baháʼà Faith from 1922 until his death in 1957. As the grandson and successor of Ê»Abdu'l-Bahá, he was charged with guiding the development of the Baháʼà Faith, including the creation of its global administrative structure and the prosecution of Baháʼà teaching plans, a series of teaching plans that oversaw the expansion of the religion to a number of new countries. As the authorized interpreter of the Baháʼà writings, Baháʼà Writings his translations of the primary written works of the Faith's central figures, provided unity of understanding about essential teachings of the Faith and safeguarded its followers from division. Upon his death in 1957, leadership passed to the Hands of the Cause, and in 1963 the BaháʼÃs of the world elected the Universal House of Justice, an institution which had been described and planned by Baháʼu’llah. Effendi, an Afnán, was born Shoghà Rabbánà i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VakÃlu'd-Dawlih
Afnán-i-Yazdà (, surnamed VakÃlu'd-Dawlih; 18301909), also known as Ḥájà MÃrzá Muḥammad-TaqÃ, was an eminent follower of Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼà Faith. He is identified as one of the nineteen Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh. He was an Afnán, a cousin of the Báb and the chief builder of the first Baháʼà House of Worship in Ê»Ishqábád, present day Turkmenistan, which was initiated by Ê»Abdu'l-Bahá Ê»Abdu'l-Bahá (; Persian: , ;, 23 May 1844 – 28 November 1921), born Ê»Abbás (, ), was the eldest son of Baháʼu'lláh, founder of the Bahá’à Faith, who designated him to be his successor and head of the Baháʼà Faith from 1892 un ... in or about 1902. References * External linksHájà MÃrzá Muhammad-TaqÃ- section from ''Memorials of the Faithful'', p. 126. Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh Iranian Bahá'Ãs 1830 births 1909 deaths 19th-century Bahá'Ãs 20th-century Bahá'Ãs {{BaháʼÃ-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Báb
The Báb (born Ê»AlÃ-Muḥammad; ; ; 20 October 1819 – 9 July 1850) was an Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...ian religious leader who founded Bábism, and is also one of the central figures of the Baháʼà Faith. The Báb gradually and progressively revealed his claim in his extensive writings to be a Manifestation of God (Baháʼà Faith), Manifestation of God, of a status as great as Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad, receiving revelations as profound as the Torah, Gospel, and Quran. This new revelation, he claimed, would release the creative energies and capacities necessary for the establishment of global unity and peace. He referred to himself by the traditional Muslim title "Báb" (meaning the gate) although it was apparent from the context that he intend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soheil Afnan
Soheil Muhsin Afnan (Persian/ Arabic: ) (1904–1990) was a Palestinian-born academic who studied philosophy and language. He was fluent in Arabic, Persian, and Greek, and his intellectual works included translations of Greek texts into Persian, as well as the publication of philosophical lexicons. Background and family Afnan was born in Palestine to a prominent Baháʼà lineage. His parents were MÃrzá Muḥsin Afnán, a cousin of the Báb, and Túbá Khánum. His maternal grandparents were Ê»Abdu'l-Bahá, the son of and successor to the Baháʼà Faith founder-prophet Baháʼu'lláh, and Munirih Khánum. Afnan received his initial education at the LaSallian Collège des Frères in Haifa and later at the American University of Beirut, where he would graduate in 1923. He would continue to the Sorbonne and Oxford University but financial constraints imposed due to the death of his father as well as the onset of World War II curtailed his studies at those institutions. De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munib Shahid
Munib Jalal Shahid (; 1908–1973) was Chairman of Hematology and Oncology at the Faculty of Medicine of the American University of Beirut. He built the hematology laboratory at the Faculty of Medicine, a development that increased research output significantly. The Dr. Munib Shahid Award is presented annually at the American University of Beirut to the fourth year medical student demonstrating the best performance in internal medicine and a mature character. Munib Shahid was born in 1908 in Acre, Palestine to a prominent Baháʼà lineage. He was the great-grandson of Baháʼu'lláh, the founder-prophet of the Baháʼà Faith. His parents were Jalal, an Afnán, and Rúḥá, a daughter of Ê»Abdu'l-Bahá. His paternal grandfather was Muhammad-Hasan, titled " King of the Martyrs". In 1944, he married Serene Husseini according to the Muslim rites. She was related to the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, an enemy of the BaháʼÃs. Shoghi Effendi, Munib's cousin and then head of the Bahà ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baháʼà Faith
The Baháʼà Faith is a religion founded in the 19th century that teaches the Baháʼà Faith and the unity of religion, essential worth of all religions and Baháʼà Faith and the unity of humanity, the unity of all people. Established by Baháʼu'lláh, it initially developed in Iran and parts of the Middle East, where it has faced Persecution of BaháʼÃs, ongoing persecution since its inception. The religion has 5-8 million adherents (known as BaháʼÃs) spread throughout most of the world's countries and territories. The Baháʼà Faith has three central figures: the Báb (1819–1850), executed for heresy, who taught that a prophet similar to Jesus and Muhammad would soon appear; Baháʼu'lláh (1817–1892), who claimed to be said prophet in 1863 and who had to endure both exile and imprisonment; and his son, Ê»Abdu'l-Bahá (1844–1921), who made teaching trips to Europe and the United States after his release from confinement in 1908. After Ê»Abdu'l-Bahá's death ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baháʼu'lláh's Family
Baháʼu'lláh was the founder of the Baháʼà Faith. He was born in 1817 to KhadÃjih Khánum and MÃrzá Buzurg of Nur (in the province of Mazandaran), a Persian people, Persian nobleman, and went on to be a leader in the Bábism, Bábà movement, and then established the Baháʼà Faith in 1863. Baháʼu'lláh's family consists of his three wives and the children of those wives. Titles of descendants One of Baháʼu'lláh's titles is Sadratu'l-Muntahá, which translates from Arabic as ''the tree beyond which there is no passing'' (a quote from Qurʼan 53:14). In this connection, Baháʼu'lláh Persian names, entitled his descendants with terms relating to the Sadratu'l-Muntahá. His male descendants were given the title of Aghsán, AgÍŸhsán (Arabic language, Arabic for "Branches") which in singular form is "''GÍŸhusn''". In particular, four of his sons were given specific "branch" titles: * Ê»Abdu'l-Bahá: ''GÍŸhuá¹£n-i-Aʻẓam'' ( "The Most Great Branch"). * MÃrzá Muhamma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apostles Of Baháʼu'lláh
The Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh were nineteen prominent followers of Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼà Faith. The apostles were designated as such by Shoghi Effendi, head of the religion in the earlier half of the 20th century, and the list was included in ''The Baháʼà World'', Vol. III (pp. 80–81). These individuals played a vital role in the development of the Baháʼà Faith, consolidating its adherents and bringing its teachings around the world. To BaháʼÃs, they filled a similar role as the sons of Jacob, the apostles of Jesus, Muhammad's companions, or the Báb's Letters of the Living. List of Apostles Many of the stories of the Apostles are well known to BaháʼÃs. The names of the apostles were: # MÃrzá Músá - a.k.a. KalÃm, the brother of Baháʼu'lláh # BadÃÊ» - a.k.a. Mirza Buzurg, the 17-year-old who delivered Baháʼu'lláh's tablet to Nassiru'd-Din Shah and was subsequently killed. # Siyyid Hasan - the 'King of Martyrs' of Isfah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maliheh Afnan
Maliheh Afnan (; March 24, 1935 – January 6, 2016) was a Palestinian artist. Background She was born in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine, to Persian parents. She was the great-granddaughter of Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼà Faith, although she was not a member of the Baháʼà Community. Maliheh Afnan was exiled to Beirut with her family in 1949 during the Nakba. She received a BA from the American University of Beirut and an MA in Fine Arts from the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design in Washington, D.C. Afnan lived in Kuwait from 1963 to 1966, in Beirut from 1966 to 1974 and in Paris from 1974 until 1997, when she moved to London. Afnan's work has been shown primarily in France and in London. Her first solo show, in a Basel gallery in 1971, was organized by the American artist Mark Tobey. Her work is included in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, the British Museum in London, the Written Art Collection in Germany, the Instit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leila Shahid
Leila Shahid (; born in Beirut in 1949) is a Palestinian diplomat. She was the first woman ambassador of Palestine, serving the PLO in Ireland in 1989, in The Netherlands in 1990, then serving the PA in France where she had taken office in Paris in 1993. From 2006 to 2014, she was the General Delegate of Palestine to the EU, Belgium and Luxembourg. She is the daughter of Munib Shahid and Serene Husseini Shahid and thus related to the Al-Husayni clan. Shahid's parents were from Acre and Jerusalem, but she grew up with her two sisters in exile in Lebanon. After studying anthropology and psychology at the American University of Beirut, Leila worked in the Palestinian refugee camps until 1974 when she began her doctorate in anthropology in Paris, where she met Jean Genet. In 1976 she was elected president of the Union of Palestinian students in France. In September 1982, Shahid and Jean Genet went to Beirut. They arrived during the Sabra and Shatila massacres. Genet's account was pu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasan M
Hassan, Hasan, Hassane, Haasana, Hassaan, Asan, Hassun, Hasun, Hassen, Hasson or Hasani may refer to: People *Hassan (given name), Arabic given name and a list of people with that given name *Hassan (surname), Arabic, Jewish, Irish, and Scottish surname and a list of people with that surname Places * Hassan (crater), an impact crater on Enceladus, a moon of Saturn Africa * Abou El Hassan District, Algeria *Hassan Tower, the minaret of an incomplete mosque in Rabat, Morocco * Hassan I Dam, on the Lakhdar River in Morocco *Hassan I Airport, serving El Aaiún, Western Sahara Americas *Chanhassen, Minnesota, a city in Minnesota, United States * Hassan Township, Minnesota, a city in Minnesota, United States Asia *Hassan, Karnataka, a city and district headquarters in Karnataka, India **Hassan District, a district headquartered in Karnataka, India **Hassan (Lok Sabha constituency) ** Hassan Airport, Karnataka *Hasan, Ilam, a village in Ilam Province, Iran *Hasan, North Khora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Printing Press
A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a printing, print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in which the cloth, paper, or other medium was brushed or rubbed repeatedly to achieve the transfer of ink and accelerated the process. Typically used for texts, the invention and global spread of the printing press was one of the most influential events in the second millennium. In Germany, around 1440, the goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg invented the movable type, movable-type printing press, which started the Printing Revolution. Modelled on the design of existing screw presses, a single Renaissance movable-type printing press could produce up to 3,600 pages per workday, compared to forty by History of typography in East Asia, hand-printing and a few by scribe, hand-copying. Gutenberg's newly devised hand mould made possible the precise and rapi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
