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Adolfas Urbšas
Adolfas Urbšas (18 August 1900 – 19 May 1973) was an officer in the Lithuanian Army and then the Red Army, rising eventually to the rank of major general (1944). Educated at the Kaunas War School and courses for offices of the general staff, Urbšas was promoted to colonel and assigned as chief of staff of the Lithuanian 3rd Infantry Division in 1938. After the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in 1940, he joined the Red Army. He was assigned as chief of staff of the 16th "Lithuanian" Rifle Division in April 1943 and its commanding officer in September 1944. After the war, he worked as an instructor at the Vystrel course. Biography In the Lithuanian Army Urbšas was mobilized into the Lithuanian Army in November 1920 just after the Żeligowski's Mutiny. After graduating from the War School of Kaunas in 1921, he was promoted to lieutenant and assigned to the 4th Infantry Regiment. In July 1925, he graduated from the Higher Officers' Courses. In 1926–1931, he worked at t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughly one-sixth of the world's landmass, making it the list of largest empires, third-largest empire in history, behind only the British Empire, British and Mongol Empire, Mongol empires. It also Russian colonization of North America, colonized Alaska between 1799 and 1867. The empire's 1897 census, the only one it conducted, found a population of 125.6 million with considerable ethnic, linguistic, religious, and socioeconomic diversity. From the 10th to 17th centuries, the Russians had been ruled by a noble class known as the boyars, above whom was the tsar, an absolute monarch. The groundwork of the Russian Empire was laid by Ivan III (), who greatly expanded his domain, established a centralized Russian national state, and secured inde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Occupation Of Lithuania (1940)
The occupation of the Baltic states was a period of annexation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania by the Soviet Union from 1940 until its dissolution in 1991. For a period of several years during World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the Baltic states after it invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. The initial Soviet invasion and occupation of the Baltic states began in June 1940 under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, made between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in August 1939 before the outbreak of World War II. The three independent Baltic countries were annexed as constituent Republics of the Soviet Union in August 1940. Most Western countries did not recognise this annexation, and considered it illegal. In July 1941, the occupation of the Baltic states by Nazi Germany took place, just weeks after its invasion of the Soviet Union. The Third Reich incorporated them into its ''Reichskommissariat Ostland''. In 1944, the Soviet Union recaptured most of the Baltic states as a result ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
48th Army (Soviet Union)
The 48th Army was a field army of the Soviet Red Army, active from 1941 to 1945. The army was first formed in August 1941 and fought in the Leningrad Strategic Defensive Operation. The army suffered heavy losses and was disbanded in early September. Its remnants were moved to the 54th Army. Reformed in April 1942 on the Bryansk Front, the army fought in the Maloarkhangelsk Offensive in the winter of 1943. It was sent to the Central Front in March and defended the northern face of the Kursk Bulge. During the summer, it fought in Operation Kutuzov and the Chernigov-Pripyat Offensive. From November, the army fought in the Gomel-Rechitsa Offensive. The army fought in Operation Bagration from June 1944. During the offensive, the army captured Zhlobin and Bobruisk and was on the Narew by early September. During early 1945, the army fought in the East Prussian Offensive and ended the war in East Prussia during May. The army was transferred to Poland in July 1945 and its headquarters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oryol
Oryol ( rus, Орёл, , ɐˈrʲɵl, a=ru-Орёл.ogg, links=y, ), also transliterated as Orel or Oriol, is a Classification of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast, Russia, situated on the Oka River, approximately south-southwest of Moscow. It is part of the Central Federal District, as well as the Central Economic Region. First founded as a medieval stronghold of the Principality of Chernigov, Oryol was part of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Lithuania in the Late Middle Ages, late medieval period, and then Russia since the early modern period. It has served as the seat of regional administration since 1778. The city is particularly known for the infamous Oryol Prison, former prison for political and war prisoners of Russian Empire, Tsarist Russia, the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. History Early history While there are no historical records, archaeological evidence shows that a fortress settlement existed between the Oka River and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyshtym
Kyshtym () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the eastern slopes of the Southern Ural Mountains northwest of Chelyabinsk, near the town of Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Ozyorsk. Population: 36,000 (1970). History Kyshtym was established by the Demidovs in 1757 around two factories for production of cast iron and steel. The city emblem shows the Kyshtym Manor House, a Palladian residence of Nikita Demidov Jr. According to Herbert Hoover, a small iron industry had existed there "for one hundred and fifty years", which produced a secret process for generating sheet iron "unusually resistant to rust." The process "consisted of alternately heating the sheets and sweeping them when hot with a wet pine-bough. The effect was to create a coating of iron oxide which was rust-resistant." Baron Meller-Zakomelsky's Kyshtym estate became of interest to foreign capital, after the 1905 Russian Revolution and subsequent depression. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frunze Military Academy
The M. V. Frunze Military Academy (), or in full the Military Order of Lenin and the October Revolution, Red Banner, Order of Suvorov Academy in the name of M. V. Frunze (), was a military academy of the Soviet and later the Russian Armed Forces. Established in 1918 to train officers for the newly formed Red Army, the academy was one of the most prestigious military educational institutions in the Soviet Union. At first titled the General Staff Academy of the Red Army, taking on a similar role to its pre-revolutionary predecessor, the Imperial Nicholas Military Academy, it was renamed the Military Academy in 1921 and then the M. V. Frunze Military Academy in 1925, honouring Mikhail Frunze, who had been a commandant of the academy. It became a higher staff college with the addition of courses for senior command officers in the 1930s, before these were transferred in 1936 to the newly formed Military Academy of the General Staff. By this time many of the Red Army's most senior c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and several of its European Axis allies starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II. More than 3.8 million Axis troops invaded the western Soviet Union along a front, with the main goal of capturing territory up to a line between Arkhangelsk and Astrakhan, known as the A-A line. The attack became the largest and costliest military offensive in history, with around 10 million combatants taking part in the opening phase and over 8 million casualties by the end of the operation on 5 December 1941. It marked a major escalation of World War II, opened the Eastern Front—the largest and deadliest land war in history—and brought the Soviet Union into the Allied powers. The operation, code-named after the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa ("red beard"), put into action Nazi Germany's ideological goals of eradicating communism and conquering the western Soviet Union to repopulate it w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
179th Rifle Division
The 179th Vitebsk Red Banner Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Soviet Union's Red Army during World War II. World War II Formation Established at Vilnius on 17 August 1940 as part of the 29th Lithuanian Territorial Rifle Corps on the basis of the 1st Infantry Division of the Lithuanian Army: Battles With 29th Rifle Corps of 11th Army on June 22, 1941. Fought at Kalinin, Gomel, and Vitebsk; with 4th Shock Army of the Kurland Group (Leningrad Front The Leningrad Front () was formed during the 1941 German approach on Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) by dividing the Northern Front into the Leningrad Front and Karelian Front on August 27, 1941. History The Leningrad Front was immediately ...) May 1945. After World War II It was reduced to the 27th Rifle Brigade in 1948 at Uralsk. It became a division again in October 1953. In 1955, the division became the 4th Rifle Division at Buzuluk in the South Ural Military District.Feskov et al 2013, p. 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
29th Rifle Corps
The 29th Rifle Corps () was formed several times in the Soviet Red Army, each formation primarily seeing combat on the Eastern Front during World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo .... The first formation of the 29th Rifle Corps was known as the 29th Lithuanian Territorial Rifle Corps, composed of troops of the former Lithuanian army, active from the Soviet Union's annexation of Lithuania in August 1940 until September 1941. A second formation existed from March to April 1943, and a third formation was formed in June 1943. This third formation continued to exist until 1957 when it became the 29th Army Corps,, which disbanded in 1969. First formation - Territorial Rifle Corps The 29th Lithuanian Territorial Rifle Corps was formed in accordance with an order of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7th Infantry Regiment (Lithuania)
7th Infantry Regiment and later titled as the 7th Infantry Regiment of the Samogitian Duke Butigeidis was a Lithuanian Army infantry regiment that saw combat in the Lithuanian Wars of Independence. It was formed on 9 January 1919 and disbanded in 1940. History The unit began forming on 9 January 1919, when a company was formed from the ''Kommandantur'' () in and around Kaunas. This company later grew to be the Kaunas Battalion. Its commander was the officer J. Petrauskas. The regiment was founded on 1 July 1919. Lithuanian Wars of Independence War against Bermontians In October 1919, the Kaunas Battalion, led by officer Edvardas Adamkavičius, fought against the Bermontians near Baisiogala, Raseiniai and Tauragė. Polish-Lithuanian War On 9 January 1920, a year after the formation's beginning, the battalion was transformed into a regiment, being given the name of the Samogitian Duke Butigeidis. The regiment was moved to Ukmergė to defend the Vepriai- Kurkliai lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defence Staff (Lithuania)
The Defence Staff () is the main staff of the Lithuanian Armed Forces. Since 2008, the staff has reported to the Chief of Defence. Its main tasks are to plan, lead, and support military operations as well as to prepare strategic military plans. Names The Defence Staff was known by different names during its history: * General Staff () in 1918–1924 * Supreme Staff () in 1924–1935 * Army Staff () in 1935–1940 * Defence Staff () in 1991–1992, 1996–2008, since 2018 * Joint Staff () in 1992–1993, 2008–2018 * Staff of the Armed Forces () in 1993–1994 * General Staff () in 1994–1996 Interwar Lithuania (1918–1940) Lithuania declared independence in February 1918. The first order to organize the Lithuanian Army was issued by Prime Minister Augustinas Voldemaras on 11 November 1918. The same order established the General Staff. The staff was initially located in Vilnius but had to evacuate to Kaunas at the outbreak of the Lithuanian–Soviet War. The General Staff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th Infantry Regiment (Lithuania)
4th Infantry Regiment, later the 4th Infantry Regiment of the Lithuanian King Mindaugas () was a Lithuanian Army infantry regiment that existed from 1918 to 1940 and was located in Panevėžys. Formation The regiment was founded on 29 December 1918, when the Defence Ministry of the Lithuanian Republic allowed the officer Jonas Variakojis to assemble and command the Panevėžys Region Defence Unit (). On 5 January 1919, Variakojis managed to salvage 70 rifles out of the retreating German Army and by 7 January, his unit received its first order. From 22 March, the unit is known as the Separate Panevėžys Battalion () and from 20 June 1919 as the Panevėžys Battalion (). Lithuanian Wars of Independence The military formation was fighting the invading Bolsheviks from its foundation, specifically near Panevėžys, Kėdainiai and Ukmergė. On 18-23 May 1919, the regiment took part in the Kurkliai-Panevėžys operation, although it did not succeed in defending Panevėžys. Muc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
