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Adam Zertal
Adam Zertal (; 1936 – October 18, 2015) was an Israeli archaeologist and a tenured professor at the University of Haifa. Biography Adam Zertal grew up in Ein Shemer, a kibbutz affiliated with the Hashomer Hatzair movement. Zertal was severely wounded in the Yom Kippur War. He later told a reporter for ''The Jerusalem Post'', “I spent a year at Hadassah Medical Center, Hadassah Hospital in Jerusalem, and I became interested in archaeology. Although I had argued that the Bible was full of myths, I decided after my recovery to travel the land by foot to look for archeological evidence.” He completed his doctoral dissertation on ''The Israelite settlement in the Hill-Country of Manasseh'' under the supervision of Nadav Na'aman and Moshe Kochavi at Tel Aviv University in 1986. Archaeology career Zertal claimed to have identified several sites he worked on as being connected to sites, events and characters from the narratives in the Hebrew Bible: * Mount Ebal site, Joshua's ...
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Hadera
Hadera (, ) is a city located in the Haifa District of Israel, in the northern Sharon plain, Sharon region, approximately 45 kilometers (28 miles) from the major cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa. The city is located along 7 km (5 mi) of the Israeli coastal plain. The city's population includes a notable community of 1990s post-Soviet aliyah, post-Soviet and Aliyah from Ethiopia, Ethiopian aliyah arrivals. In it had a population of . Hadera was established in 1891 as a farming colony by members of the Zionist group, Hovevei Zion, from Lithuania and Latvia. By 1948, it was a regional center with a population of 11,800. In 1952, Hadera was declared a city, with jurisdiction over an area of 53,000 dunams. History Ottoman era Hadera was founded on 24 January 1891, in the early days of modern Zionism by Jewish immigrants from Lithuania and Latvia on land purchased by Yehoshua Hankin, known as the Redeemer of the Valley. The land was purchased from a Christian effendi, Sel ...
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Mount Ebal Site
The Iron Age I Structure on Mt. Ebal, also known as the Mount Ebal site, Mount Ebal's Altar, and Joshua's Altar, is an Archaeological site, archeological site dated to the Iron Age I, located on Mount Ebal, West Bank. The Mount Ebal site was discovered by Israelites, Israeli archaeologist Adam Zertal during the Manasseh Hill Country Survey in 1980. Zertal, who later excavated the site for eight seasons, suggested to identify it as Joshua's altar as featured in the Book of Joshua of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament).Zertal, A. (1985). "Has Joshua's altar been found on Mt. Ebal?". Biblical Archaeology Society. This identification was fiercely debated during the 1980s. Today, many archeologists agree that the structure was a site of an early Israelites, Israelite Place of worship, cultic activity; however, its identification with Joshua's altar is disputed. The site and its possible archaeological significance in Jewish history became a political issue in 2021 after a portion of the ...
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Ancient Underground Quarry, Jordan Valley
An ancient underground quarry in the Jordan Valley was discovered in 2009 by University of Haifa archeologists.Photos: "Glorious" Ancient Chamber Found in Israel (3)
National Geographic (June 30, 2009).
The quarry is located about 3 miles (5 km) north of ,
West Bank The West Bank is located on the western bank of the Jordan River and is the larger of the two Palestinian territories (the other being the Gaza Strip) that make up the S ...
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Eisenbrauns
Eisenbrauns, an imprint of Penn State University Press, is an academic publisher specializing in the ancient Near East and biblical studies. They publish approximately twenty new books and reference works each year, as well as reprinting out-of-print books relating to biblical studies. Eisenbrauns was founded by Jim and Merna Eisenbraun in 1975 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Jim, a graduate at Ann Arbor, was tired of paying high prices for specialized books. He paid the legal fee to operate a bookstore and gained access to retailers' prices. The store quickly gained traction and moved to a 4,000 square feet building in 1978. It operated for over forty years in Winona Lake, Indiana, and Warsaw, Indiana before its acquisition by Penn State University Press The Penn State University Press, also known as The Pennsylvania State University Press, is a non-profit publisher of scholarly books and journals. Established in 1956, it is the independent publishing branch of the Pennsylvania ...
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Yafit
Yafit () is an Israeli settlement organized as a moshav shitufi in the West Bank. Located in the Jordan Valley, it falls under the jurisdiction of Bik'at HaYarden Regional Council. In it had a population of . The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. History According to ARIJ, in 1980 Israel confiscated 1,294 dunams of land from the Palestinian village of Al-Jiftlik in order to construct Yafit.Al Jiftlik Village Profile
p. 17, ARIJ Yafit was built in the 1980s on a plot of rocky land in the Jordan Valley by Israelis attracted by the beauty of the desert. It was named after Yossi Yafa, an ...
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Masua
Masua (, ''lit.'' Torch, ), also transliterated as Massu'a, is an Israeli settlement organized as a moshav shitufi in the West Bank. Located in the Jordan Valley, with an area of 6,000 dunams, it falls under the jurisdiction of Bik'at HaYarden Regional Council. In it had a population of . The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli and US governments dispute this. History The village was established in 1969 as a Nahal settlement, and was converted to a civilian moshav by a HaOved HaTzioni gar'in five years later. According to ARIJ, Israel has confiscated 2,209 dunams of land from the Palestinian village of Al-Jiftlik in order to construct Masua. Sartava Nature Reserve Four kilometers west-southwest of Masua is the Sartava Nature Reserve, named in tribute to a mountain from which, in Mishnaic times, Jews would relay signals via torch to indicate that a new month had been proclaimed. The su ...
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Argaman
Argaman () is an Israeli settlement organized as a moshav in the West Bank. Located in the Jordan Valley, eight kilometres north of the Damia Bridge with an area of 4,500 dunams, it falls under the jurisdiction of Bik'at HaYarden Regional Council. In , its population was . The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. Etymology The moshav's name is an acronym for Arik Regev, and Gad Manela, two Nahal commanders who were killed there in a clash with Arab militants. History Initially established in 1968 as a Nahal settlement by the Betar movement, Argaman was converted to a civilian moshav in May 1971. Before the establishment of Argaman, Moshe Dayan, then Israeli Minister of Defense, was opposed to the installment of settlements in the center of the Jordan Rift Valley as it would show too explicitly that the Palestinian Arabs of the West Bank were being separated from the ...
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International Christian Embassy Jerusalem
The International Christian Embassy Jerusalem (ICEJ) is a Christian Zionist organisation based in Jerusalem. History The International Christian Embassy was founded in 1980 by evangelical Christians to express their support for the State of Israel and the Jewish people, specifically the Israeli government's enactment of the Jerusalem Law and in protest of the closure of foreign embassies in Jerusalem. The ICEJ is best known for hosting an annual Christian celebration of the Feast of Tabernacles, which attracts several thousand participants from almost 100 countries. The location and name were chosen deliberately to show that unlike other international groups, its members regard Jerusalem as the capital of the State of Israel. The Israel and German branches of the International Christian Embassy are headed by Jürgen Bühler, son of Albert Bühler, a Wehrmacht soldier who spent years in a Russian prison camp after World War II. Bühler's father was aided by two Jewish families, w ...
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Judges 4
Judges 4 is the fourth chapter of the Book of Judges in the Old Testament or the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel,Gilad, ElonWho Really Wrote the Biblical Books of Kings and the Prophets? ''Haaretz'', June 25, 2015. Summary: The paean to King Josiah and exalted descriptions of the ancient Israelite empires beg the thought that he and his scribes lie behind the Deuteronomistic History. but modern scholars view it as part of the Deuteronomistic History, which spans the books of Deuteronomy to 2 Kings, attributed to nationalistic and devotedly Yahwistic writers during the time of the reformer Judean king Josiah in 7th century BCE. This chapter records the activities of judge Deborah, belonging to a section comprising Judges 3:1 to 5:31. Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 24 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are ...
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Jabin
Jabin ( ''Yāḇīn'') is a Biblical name meaning 'discerner', or 'the wise'. It may refer to: * A king of Tel Hazor, Hazor at the time of the entrance of Israel into CanaanJoshua 11:1, whose overthrow and that of the northern chiefs with whom he had entered into a confederacy against Joshua was the crowning act in the conquest of the landJoshua 11:21 com. The Battle of the Waters of Merom, fought at Lake Hula Valley, Hula, was the last of Joshua's battles of which we have any record. Here for the first time the Israelites encountered the iron chariots and horses of the Canaanites. The Israelites killed him and everyone in his city along with all the people in the cities of Madon, Shimron, Achshaph, Debir, and Anab. They then destroyed Hazor by fire. According to Norman K. Gottwald, Joshua had nothing to do with the incident, which probably reflects a tradition of the late 13th century BCE destruction of Hazor by part of a group later identified with the Israelite tribe of Naphtali. ...
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Sisera
Sisera ( ''Sīsərāʾ'') was commander of the Canaanite army of King Jabin of Hazor, who is mentioned in of the Hebrew Bible. After being defeated by the forces of the Israelite tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali under the command of Barak and Deborah, Sisera was killed by Jael, who hammered a tent peg into his temple while he slept. Biblical account According to the biblical book of Judges, Jabin, King of Hazor, oppressed the Israelites for twenty years. His general was Sisera, who commanded nine hundred iron chariots from Harosheth Haggoyim, a fortified cavalry base. After the prophetess Deborah persuaded Barak to face Sisera in battle, they, with an Israelite force of ten thousand, defeated him at the Battle of Mount Tabor at Jezreel Valley. Judges 5:20 says that "the stars in their courses fought against Sisera", and the following verse implies that the army was swept away by the Kishon River. Following the battle, there was peace for forty years. After the battle, Sisera ...
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