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Adab (behavior)
Adab () in the context of behavior, refers to prescribed Islamic etiquette: "refinement, good manners, morals, decorum, decency, humaneness". Al-Adab () has been defined as "decency, morals". While interpretation of the scope and particulars of Adab may vary among different cultures, common among these interpretations is regard for personal standing through the observation of certain codes of behavior.Ensel, Remco. ''Saints and Servants in Southern Morocco''. 1999, page 180 To exhibit Adab would be to show "proper discrimination of correct order, behavior, and taste." Islam has rules of etiquette and an ethical code involving every aspect of life. Muslims refer to Adab as good manners, courtesy, respect, and appropriateness, covering acts such as entering or exiting a washroom, posture when sitting, and cleansing oneself. Customs and behaviour Practitioners of Islam are generally taught to follow some specific customs in their daily lives. Most of these customs can be traced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etiquette
Etiquette ( /ˈɛtikɛt, -kɪt/) can be defined as a set of norms of personal behavior in polite society, usually occurring in the form of an ethical code of the expected and accepted social behaviors that accord with the conventions and norms observed and practiced by a society, a social class, or a social group. In modern English usage, the French word ''étiquette'' (label and tag) dates from the year 1750 and also originates from the French word for "ticket," possibly symbolizing a person’s entry into society through proper behavior. There are many important historical figures that have helped to shape the meaning of the term as well as provide varying perspectives. History In , the Ancient Egyptian vizier Ptahhotep wrote '' The Maxims of Ptahhotep'' (), a didactic book of precepts extolling civil virtues such as truthfulness, self-control, and kindness towards other people. Recurrent thematic motifs in the maxims include learning by listening to other people, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle is a series of natural changes in hormone production and the structures of the uterus and ovaries of the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible. The ovarian cycle controls the production and release of eggs and the cyclic release of estrogen and progesterone. The uterine cycle governs the preparation and maintenance of the lining of the uterus (womb) to receive an embryo. These cycles are concurrent and coordinated, normally last between 21 and 35 days, with a median length of 28 days. Menarche (the onset of the first period) usually occurs around the age of 12 years; menstrual cycles continue for about 30–45 years. Naturally occurring hormones drive the cycles; the cyclical rise and fall of the follicle stimulating hormone prompts the production and growth of oocytes (immature egg cells). The hormone estrogen stimulates the uterus lining ( endometrium) to thicken to accommodate an embryo should fertilization occur. The blood suppl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lexicon
A lexicon (plural: lexicons, rarely lexica) is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical). In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes. The word ''lexicon'' derives from Greek word (), neuter of () meaning 'of or for words'. Linguistic theories generally regard human languages as consisting of two parts: a lexicon, essentially a catalogue of a language's words (its wordstock); and a grammar, a system of rules which allow for the combination of those words into meaningful sentences. The lexicon is also thought to include bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone as words (such as most affixes). In some analyses, compound words and certain classes of idiomatic expressions, collocations and other phrasemes are also considered to be part of the lexicon. Dictionaries are lists of the lexicon, in alphabetical order, of a given language; usually, however, bound morphemes are not included. Size and organization Items ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Islamic Terms In Arabic
The following list consists of notable concepts that are derived from Islamic and associated cultural (Arab, Persian, Turkish) traditions, which are expressed as words in Arabic or Persian language. The main purpose of this list is to disambiguate multiple spellings, to make note of spellings no longer in use for these concepts, to define the concept in one or two lines, to make it easy for one to find and pin down specific concepts, and to provide a guide to unique concepts of Islam all in one place. Separating concepts in Islam from concepts specific to Arab culture, or from the language itself, can be difficult. Many Arabic concepts have an Arabic secular meaning as well as an Islamic meaning. One example is the concept of dawah. Arabic, like all languages, contains words whose meanings differ across various contexts. Arabic is written in its own alphabet, with letters, symbols, and orthographic conventions that do not have exact equivalents in the Latin alphabet (see Ara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etiquette In The Middle East
Many matters of etiquette in the Middle East are connected to Islam as it is written in the Qur'an and how it has been traditionally understood and practiced throughout the centuries. Prescribed Islamic etiquette is referred to as Adab (behavior), Adab, and described as "refinement, good manners, morals, ethics, decorum, decency, humaneness and righteousness". As such, many points discussed in this article are applicable in other regions of the Islamic world. This holds especially true in Majority Muslim countries, Muslim majority countries outside Middle East. The Middle East is home to many people who follow faiths besides Islam. Most notable among them are the churches of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Copts and other adherents of Oriental Orthodoxy, Maronites, Melkite Greek Catholic Church, Melkites other Catholics of the Eastern Catholic Churches, Eastern Rites as well as the Latin Church, Roman Rite, Druze, Zoroastrians, Baháʼí Faith, Baháʼís, Yazidis, Mandaeans, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Ibn Husayn Zayn Al-Abidin
Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Sajjad (, – 712), also known as Zayn al-Abidin () was the great-grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the fourth imam in Shia Islam, succeeding his father, Husayn ibn Ali, his uncle, Hasan ibn Ali, and his grandfather, Ali ibn Abi Talib. Ali al-Sajjad was born around 658. He survived the Battle of Karbala in 680, in which Husayn and his small caravan were massacred en route to Kufa by the forces of the Umayyad caliph Yazid I (). After the battle, al-Sajjad and other survivors were treated poorly and taken to the Umayyad capital Damascus. Al-Sajjad was eventually allowed to return to his hometown of Medina, where he led a secluded life, without participating in the numerous pro- Alid uprisings against the Umayyads during the civil war of the Second Fitna. Instead, he devoted his life to worship and learning, and was highly esteemed, even among proto- Sunnis, as a leading authority on Islamic tradition (hadith) and law (). He was also known fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Ibn Abi Talib
Ali ibn Abi Talib (; ) was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from until Assassination of Ali, his assassination in 661, as well as the first imamate in Shia doctrine, Shia Imam. He was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Born to Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Fatima bint Asad, Ali was raised by his elder cousin Muhammad and was Early Muslims, among the first to accept his teachings. Ali played a pivotal role in the early years of Islam when Muslims were severely persecuted in Mecca. After immigration () to Medina in 622, Muhammad gave his daughter Fatima to Ali in marriage and swore a pact of brotherhood with him. Ali served as Muhammad's secretary and deputy in this period, and was the flag bearer of his army. Numerous sayings of Muhammad praise Ali, the most controversial of which was uttered in 632 at the Ghadir Khumm, "Whoever I am his , this Ali is his ." The interpretation of the polysemous Arabic word is disputed: For Shia Islam, Shia Musl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyclopaedia Islamica
The ''Encyclopaedia Islamica'' is an encyclopedia on Islamic Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ... and Iranian studies published by Brill, comprising a projected 16-volume translation of selected articles from the new Persian ''Dā'erat-ol-Ma'āref-e Bozorg-e Eslāmi'' (, "''The Great Islamic Encyclopaedia''"), supplemented by additional articles written in English by scholars affiliated with the Institute of Ismaili Studies.Mousa al-Reza WahdatiReview of Encyclopaedia Islamica Volume 3(Adab – al-Bāb al-Ḥādī ͑ashar) ed. by Farhad Daftary, Wilferd Madelung. Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies. Volume 8, Number 1, Winter 2015. pp. 107–109.Suzanne M. Estelle-HolmerReview of Wilferd Madelung and Farhad Daftary, eds. Encyclopaedia Islamica, Vol. 1: ‘Aba’- Abu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Ishaq Al-Tha'labi
Abū Isḥāḳ Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Nīsābūrī al-Thaʿlabī ; died November 1035), who was simply known as Al-Tha'labi (), was an eleventh-century Sunni Muslim scholar of Persian origin. Al-Tha'labi was considered a leading Quranic exegete of the fifth/eleventh century who famously authored the classical exegesis '' Tafsir al-Tha'labi'', and his ''Ara'is al-Majalis'' is perhaps the best and most frequently consulted example of the Islamic qisas al-anbiya genre. He was an expert Quranic reciter and reader ('' muqriʾ''), traditionist, linguist, philologist, preacher, historian, litterateur, and theologian. Name The word al-Tha'labi, most biographers stress, was a nickname laqab), and not a tribal name (nasab). This means that al-Tha'labi was of Persian descent and not a member of the Arab tribal groups that carries the name. Life According to Tilman Nagel, al-Tha'labi was born in the city of Nishapur during the fifties of the fourth century (350). A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Hayyan Al-Tawhidi
Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī () (923–1023), full name ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbbās al-Baghdadi (), was an Arab or Persian intellectual, writer, and philosopher of the 10th century. He is widely regarded as one of the most original and influential thinkers of the Islamic Golden Age. The biographer Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī famously described him as ''"the philosopher of litterateurs and the litterateur of philosophers."'' Despite his intellectual stature, al-Tawḥīdī was largely neglected by contemporaneous historians and biographers until Yāqūt documented his life in ''Muʿjam al-Udabāʾ'' (), relying primarily on al-Tawḥīdī’s own autobiographical writings. Life The exact details of al-Tawḥīdī's birth and death remain uncertain. According to ''Tārīkh-i Sistān'', , he was born in 923 CE in either Baghdad or the region of Fars. He experienced a difficult and impoverished upbringing, reportedly raised by an uncle who treated him harshly. His nisbah, "al-Taw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brethren Of Purity
The Brethren of Purity (; also The Brethren of Sincerity) were a secret society of Muslim philosophers in Basra, Iraq, in the 9th or 10th century CE. The structure of the organization and the identities of its members have never been clear."Having been hidden within the cloak of secrecy from its very inception, the ''Rasa'il'' have provided many points of contention and have been a constant source of dispute among both Muslim and Western scholars. The identification of the authors, or possibly one author, the place and time of writing and propagation of their works, the nature of the secret brotherhood, the outer manifestation of which comprises the ''Rasa'il'' – these and many secondary questions have remained without answer." pg 25, Nasr (1964) Their esoteric Western esotericism, also known as the Western mystery tradition, is a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. These ideas and currents are united since they are lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ovule
In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: the ''integument'', forming its outer layer, the ''nucellus'' (or remnant of the sporangium, megasporangium), and the female gametophyte (formed from a haploid megaspore) in its center. The female gametophyte — specifically termed a ''megagametophyte'' — is also called the ''embryo sac'' in Flowering plant, angiosperms. The megagametophyte produces an ovum, egg cell for the purpose of fertilization. The ovule is a small structure present in the ovary. It is attached to the placenta by a stalk called a funicle. The funicle provides nourishment to the ovule. On the basis of the relative position of micropyle, body of the ovule, chalaza and funicle, there are six types of ovules. Location within the plant In flowering plants, the ovule is located inside the portion of the flower called the gynoecium. The Ovary (plants), ovary of the gynoecium p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
