|
Aché
The Aché ( ) are an indigenous people of Paraguay. They are hunter-gatherers living in eastern Paraguay. From the earliest Jesuit accounts of the Aché in the 17th century until their peaceful outside contacts in the 20th century, the Aché were described as nomadic hunter-gatherers living in small bands and depending entirely on wild forest resources for subsistence.Hill, Kim, A. Magdalena Hurtado, and Aldine de Gruyter. ''Aché Life History: The Ecology and Demography of a Foraging People''. New York: Aldine Translation, 1996. . In the 20th century, four different ethnolinguistic populations of Aché were contacted and pacified. They are the Northern Aché, the Yvytyruzu Aché, the Ypety Aché, and the Ñacunday Aché. Each of these populations was an endogamous dialectal group, consisting of multiple residential bands, with no peaceful interaction between the groups. The Aché suffered repeated abuses by rural Paraguayan colonists, ranchers, and big landowners from the conque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aché Language
Aché, also known as Guayaki, is a Guarani language of Paraguay with three living dialects: Ache gatu, Ache wa, and Ñacunday River Ache. The Ñacunday River dialect has low mutual intelligibility with the other two dialects. Phonology References External links Listen to a sample of Aché from Global Recordings NetworkThe Language ArchiveAché(Intercontinental Dictionary Series The Intercontinental Dictionary Series (commonly abbreviated as IDS) is a large database of topical vocabulary lists in various world languages. The general editor of the database is Bernard Comrie of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary An ...) Languages of Paraguay Tupi–Guarani languages Endangered Indigenous languages of the Americas Definitely endangered languages Endangered languages of South America {{tupian-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Amazonian Indians
White Amazonian Indians or White Indians is a term first applied to sightings or encounters with mysterious white skinned natives of the Amazon Rainforest from the 16th century by Spanish missionaries. These encounters and tales sparked Percy Fawcett's journey into the uncharted jungle of the Amazonian Mato Grosso region. Various theories since the early 20th century have been proposed regarding the documented sightings or encounters. History The Spanish Dominican missionary Gaspar de Carvajal first claimed meeting a white tribe of Amazonians, he wrote in his ''Account of the Recent Discovery of the Famous Grand River'' (1542) of a tribe of Amazonian women who were "very white and tall" who had "long hair, braided and wound about their heads". British Journalist Harold T. Wilkins in his ''Mysteries of Ancient South America'' (1945) compiled further accounts of similar sightings of "White Indians" in the Amazon Rainforest from the 16th to 19th century by explorers and Jesuits. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfredo Stroessner
Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda (; 3 November 1912 – 16 August 2006) was a Paraguayan politician, army general and Military dictatorship, military dictator who ruled as the 42nd president of Paraguay from 15 August 1954 until his overthrow in 1989. Known there as ''El Stronato'', Dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner, his dictatorship was marked by political violence. Before his accession to the presidency, he was the country's ''de facto'' leader from May to August 1954. Stroessner rose to power after leading the 1954 Paraguayan coup d'état on 4 May, with backing from the Colorado Party (Paraguay), Colorado Party and Paraguayan Army. Following a brief provisional government under Tomás Romero Pereira, he was elected unopposed in the 1954 Paraguayan presidential election, 1954 presidential election, as all opposition parties had been banned since 1947. He quickly suspended constitutional and civil rights upon taking office on 15 August 1954. With the army and military police, who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Clastres
Pierre Clastres (; 17 May 1934 – 29 July 1977) was a French anthropologist, ethnographer, and ethnologist. He is best known for his contributions to the field of political anthropology, with his fieldwork among the Guayaki in Paraguay and his theory of stateless societies. He mostly researched Indigenous peoples of the Americas in which the power was not considered coercive and chieftains were powerless. With a background in literature and philosophy, Clastres started studying anthropology with Claude Lévi-Strauss and Alfred Métraux in the 1950s. Between 1963 and 1974 he traveled five times to South America to do fieldwork among the Guaraní, the Chulupi, and the Yanomami. Clastres mostly published essays and, because of his premature death, his work was unfinished and scattered. His signature work is the essay collection '' Society Against the State'' (1974) and his bibliography also includes ''Chronicle of the Guayaki Indians'' (1972), ''Le Grand Parler'' (1974), an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupi–Guarani Languages
Tupi–Guarani (/tuːˈpiː ɡwɑˈrɑːni/ /ɡwɑˈɾɑ-/; Tupi-Guarani: uˈpi ɡwaɾaˈni ) is the most widely distributed subfamily of the Tupian languages of South America. It consists of about fifty languages, including Guarani and Old Tupi. The most widely spoken in modern times by far is Guarani, which is one of the two official languages of Paraguay. The words '' petunia, jaguar, piranha, ipecac, tapioca, jacaranda, anhinga, carioca'', and ''capoeira'' are of Tupi–Guarani origin. Classification Rodrigues & Cabral (2012) Rodrigues & Cabral (2012) propose eight branches of Tupí–Guaraní: * Tupí–Guaraní ** Guaraní (Group I) ** Guarayu (Group II): Guarayu, Pauserna**, Sirionó (dialects: Yuqui, Jorá**) ** Tupí (Group III): Old Tupi (lingua franca dialect: Tupí Austral), Tupinambá (dialects: Nheengatu, Língua Geral as lingua franca, and Potiguára), Cocama– Omagua*, Tupinikin** ** Tenetehara (Group IV): Akwáwa (dialects: Asurin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler
Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler is a researcher and an academic. She is a senior professor in the Department of Genetics at the Federal University of Paraná. Petzl-Erler's research on human genetic diversity is focused on population genetics, microevolution, and complex diseases. She is most known for her work in the field of pemphigus genetics and immunogenetics. She collaborated with other scientists to investigate the arrival and migration of humans on the American continent during pre-historic times and participated in pharmacogenetic studies. Biography and education In 1971, she enrolled in the Biology program at UFPR. By 1972, she began participating in Newton Freire-Maia's research group. Throughout her undergraduate studies, she became involved in research on congenital malformations. She completed her bachelor's degree in 1974 and entered the Master's program in Genetics at UFPR in 1975, under the mentorship of Eleidi Chautard Freire-Maia. After obtaining her M.Sc. in 1977, she p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endogamous Group
Endogamy is the cultural practice of marrying within a specific social group, religious denomination, caste, or ethnic group, rejecting any from outside of the group or belief structure as unsuitable for marriage or other close personal relationships. Its opposite, exogamy, describes the social norm of marriage outside of the group. Endogamy is common in many cultures and ethnic groups. Several religious and ethnic religious groups are traditionally more endogamous, although sometimes mating outside of the group occurs with the added dimension of requiring marital religious conversion. This permits an exogamous marriage, as the convert, by accepting the partner's religion, becomes accepted within the endogamous group. Endogamy may result in a higher rate of recessive gene–linked genetic disorders. Adherence Endogamy can encourage sectarianism and serves as a form of self-segregation. For instance, a community resists integration or completely merging with the surrounding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nomadism
Nomads are communities without fixed habitation who regularly move to and from areas. Such groups include hunter-gatherers, Nomadic pastoralism, pastoral nomads (owning livestock), tinkers and Merchant, trader nomads. In the twentieth century, the population of nomadic pastoral tribes slowly decreased, reaching an estimated 30–40 million nomads in the world . Nomadic hunting and gathering—following seasonally available wild plants and game—is by far the oldest human subsistence method known. Pastoralists raise herds of domesticated livestock, driving or accompanying them in patterns that normally avoid depleting pastures beyond their ability to recover. Nomadism is also a Lifestyle (sociology), lifestyle adapted to infertile regions such as steppe, tundra, or desert, ice and sand, where mobility is the most efficient strategy for exploiting scarce resources. For example, many groups living in the tundra are reindeer herders and are semi-nomadic, following forage for their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leon Cadogan
Leon, Léon (French) or León (Spanish) may refer to: Places Europe * León, Spain, capital city of the Province of León * Province of León, Spain * Kingdom of León, an independent state in the Iberian Peninsula from 910 to 1230 and again from 1296 to 1301 * León (historical region), composed of the Spanish provinces León, Salamanca, and Zamora * Viscounty of Léon, a feudal state in France during the 11th to 13th centuries * Saint-Pol-de-Léon, a commune in Brittany, France * Léon, Landes, a commune in Aquitaine, France * Isla de León, a Spanish island * Leon (Souda Bay), an islet in Souda Bay, Chania, on the island of Crete North America * León, Guanajuato, Mexico, a large city * Leon, California, United States, a ghost town * Leon, Iowa, United States * Leon, Kansas, United States * Leon, New York, United States * Leon, Oklahoma, United States * Leon, Virginia, United States * Leon, West Virginia, United States * Leon, Wisconsin (other), United Stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branislava Sušnik
Branislava Sušnik (28 March 1920, in Medvode, Slovenia – 28 April 1996, in Asunción, Paraguay) was a Slovenian-Paraguayan anthropologist. Life and education Branislava Sušnik was born on 28 March 1920 in Medvode, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, currently in Slovenia to the lawyer Jože Sušnik and Karolina née Prijatelj. She attended primary school and classical grammar school in Ljubljana, and in 1937 entered University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana University where she studied prehistory and history at the Faculty of Arts. In 1942, Sušnik completed her doctoral studies in ethnohistory and Ural-Altaic linguistics with the German anthropologist prof. Wilhelm Schmidt (linguist), Wilhelm Schmidt in Vienna (which was then part of Germany) and began studying the cultures and languages of Asia Minor at the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome. In addition to history and anthropology, she studied ethnology, prehistory, ancient languages and scripts. After completing her studies in Rome, Suš ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guairá Department
Guaira may refer to: * Guayrá, a former region of the Spanish Empire in what is now modern Paraguay and Brazil * Guaíra Falls, former waterfalls on the Paraná River along the border between Brazil and Paraguay Brazil * Guaíra, Paraná Guaíra () is a Municipalities of Brazil, municipality in the states of Brazil, state of Paraná (state), Paraná in the Southern Region, Brazil, Southern Region of Brazil. The population is 33,310 (2020 est.) in an area of 560 km2. The eleva ... ** Guaíra Airport * Guaíra, São Paulo Paraguay * Guairá Department * Salto del Guairá, Canindeyú Department Venezuela * La Guaira State ** La Guaira, its capital city See also * Guiara, a rodent {{place name disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel De Jesus Pereira
Manuel may refer to: People * Manuel (name), a given name and surname * Manuel (''Fawlty Towers''), a fictional character from the sitcom ''Fawlty Towers'' * Manuel I Komnenos, emperor of the Byzantine Empire * Manuel I of Portugal, king of Portugal * Manuel I of Trebizond, Emperor of Trebizond Places *Manuel, Valencia, a municipality in the province of Valencia, Spain *Manuel Junction, railway station near Falkirk, Scotland Other * Manuel (American horse), a thoroughbred racehorse * Manuel (Australian horse), a thoroughbred racehorse * Manuel and The Music of The Mountains, a musical ensemble * ''Manuel'' (album), music album by Dalida, 1974 See also *Manny (other), a common nickname for those named Manuel *Manoel (other) *Immanuel (other) *Emmanuel (other) *Emanuel (other) *Emmanuelle (other) *Manuela (other) Manuela may refer to: People * Manuela (given name), a Spanish and Portuguese feminine given na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
