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Abrotanella
''Abrotanella'' is a genus in the family Asteraceae, of 23 species, native to Australia, New Zealand and southern South America. They are usually small plants, sometimes not reaching more than a few millimetres above the ground, although some form cushion plant, cushions in bolster heaths reaching up to a metre in diameter. Taxonomy Genus ''Abrotanella'' is placed in the tribe (biology), tribe Senecioneae and is the sole genus in the subtribe Abrotanellinae. The genus was formerly placed in the subtribe Blennospermatinae, but molecular phylogenetics, molecular and morphology (biology), morphological studies have shown it to be distinct from other genera in that group. Phylogenetic studies have shown that Abrotanella forms a well-supported monophyletic group. It is sister group, sister to a clade formed by three other genera: ''Crocidium (plant), Crocidium'', ''Blennosperma'', and ''Ischnea''. Within ''Abrotanella'', ''Abrotanella forsteroides, A. forsteroides'' from Tasman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abrotanella Caespitosa
Abrotanella caespitosa is a member of the Asteraceae, daisy family and is an endemism, endemic species of New Zealand. Description ''Abrotanella caespitosa'' forms a loose cushion habit (biology), habit with Runners (botany), runners that have distant scale leaves. It has narrower leaves compared to its close relatives and lacks a waxy Epicuticular wax, bloom on its leaves. Distribution and habitat The species is found in the South Island and southern North Island of New Zealand. It grows in alpine herbfield habitats. Taxonomy and evolution ''Abrotanella caespitosa'' is closely related to ''Abrotanella , A. inconspicua'', ''Abrotanella nivigena, A. nivigena'' (from Australia), and ''Abrotanella patearoa, A. patearoa''. These four species form a well-supported clade and have almost identical DNA sequences, suggesting they diverged within the last 500,000 years. ''Abrotanella caespitosa'' is part of a radiation of ''Abrotanella'' species that occurred during the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abrotanella Forsteroides
''Abrotanella forsteroides'', commonly known as the Tasmanian cushion plant, is an angiosperm endemic to Tasmania, Australia. The plant is a dicot species in the daisy family Asteraceae and can be identified by its bright green and compact cushion like appearance. The term ''cushion plant'' refers to a characteristic growth habit adopted by a variety of species and families growing in alpine and subalpine environments. The growth habit is an adaptation to low nutrient areas and typically involves deep tap roots and densely-packed stems, which decay to form a layer of peat under the plants. This dense growth pattern provides insulating properties to the plant, preventing root exposure to sub-zero temperatures, and forms a mat- or cushion-like structure. Description A herbaceous perennial, the plant is low growing, woody, compact and spreads in mat-like manner to in diameter. The large mat is commonly interspersed with other cushion plant species such as '' Dracophyllum mini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolster Heath
{{Short description, Type of vegetation community Bolster heath or cushion moorland is a type of vegetation community that features a patchwork of very low growing, tightly packed plants found at the limits of some alpine environments. The cushion plants form a smooth surfaced 'cushions' from several different plants, hence the common name of cushion heath. The cushion growth habit provides protection against the desiccating wind and help keep the cluster warm. Bolster heath is very slow growing and thus very fragile. Most propagation is by slow expansion, although two species, ''Abrotanella forsteroides'' and '' Pterygopappus lawrencei'' produce enough viable seed to survive fire. The other species are generally permanently destroyed by fire. The soil in bolster heath is generally quite poor, often gravel with a thin layer of peat. Tasmanian bolster heaths Asteraceae * ''Abrotanella forsteroides'' (''Abrotanella ''Abrotanella'' is a genus in the family Asteraceae, of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abrotanella Diemii
''Abrotanella diemii'' is a member of the daisy family and is an endemic species of southern Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ..., ( Neuquén). References Flora of Argentina diemii Taxa named by Ángel Lulio Cabrera {{Senecioneae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abrotanella Emarginata
''Abrotanella emarginata'' is a member of the daisy family and is found in Patagonia, the Falkland Islands and New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is .... References Flora of Chile Flora of the Falkland Islands Flora of New Guinea emarginata {{Senecioneae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand
New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of island countries, sixth-largest island country by area and lies east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The Geography of New Zealand, country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps (), owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. Capital of New Zealand, New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. The islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable land to be settled by humans. Between about 1280 and 1350, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and subsequently developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight and record New Zealand. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pliocene
The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch (geology), epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.33 to 2.58See the 2014 version of the ICS geologic time scale million years ago (Ma). It is the second and most recent epoch of the Neogene Period in the Cenozoic, Cenozoic Era. The Pliocene follows the Miocene Epoch and is followed by the Pleistocene Epoch. Prior to the 2009 revision of the geologic time scale, which placed the four most recent major glaciations entirely within the Pleistocene, the Pliocene also included the Gelasian Stage, which lasted from 2.59 to 1.81 Ma, and is now included in the Pleistocene. As with other older geologic periods, the Stratum, geological strata that define the start and end are well-identified but the exact dates of the start a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. Phylogeneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asteraceae
Asteraceae () is a large family (biology), family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the Order (biology), order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger family is unclear as the quantity of Extant taxon, extant species in each family is unknown. The Asteraceae were first described in the year 1740 and given the original name Composita, Compositae. The family is commonly known as the aster, Daisy (flower), daisy, composite, or sunflower family. Most species of Asteraceae are herbaceous plants, and may be Annual plant, annual, Biennial plant, biennial, or Perennial plant, perennial, but there are also shrubs, vines, and trees. The family has a widespread distribution, from subpolar to tropical regions, in a wide variety of habitats. Most occur in Hot desert climate, hot desert and cold or hot Semi-arid climate, semi-desert climates, and they are found on ever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crown (botany)
The crown of a plant is the total of an individual plant's aboveground parts, including stems, leaves, and reproductive structures. A plant community canopy consists of one or more plant crowns growing in a given area. The crown of a woody plant (tree, shrub, liana) is the branches, leaves, and reproductive structures extending from the trunk or main stems. Shapes of crowns are highly variable. The major types for trees are the excurrent branching habit resulting in conoid shapes and decurrent (deliquescent) branching habit, resulting in round shapes. Crowns are also characterized by their width, depth, surface area, volume, and density. Measurements of crowns are important in quantifying and qualifying plant health, growth stage, and efficiency. Major functions of the crown include light energy assimilation, carbon dioxide absorption and release of oxygen via photosynthesis, energy release by respiration, and movement of water to the atmosphere by transpiration. These f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpine Climate
Alpine climate is the typical climate for elevations above the tree line, where trees fail to grow due to cold. This climate is also referred to as a mountain climate or highland climate. Definition There are multiple definitions of alpine climate. In the Köppen climate classification, the alpine and mountain climates are part of group ''E'', along with the polar climate, where no month has a mean temperature higher than . According to the Holdridge life zone system, there are two mountain climates which prevent tree growth : a) the alpine climate, which occurs when the mean biotemperature of a location is between . The alpine climate in Holdridge system is roughly equivalent to the warmest tundra climates (ET) in the Köppen system. b) the alvar climate, the coldest mountain climate since the biotemperature is between 0 °C and 1.5 °C (biotemperature can never be below 0 °C). It corresponds more or less to the coldest tundra climates and to the ice cap cli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Bridge
In biogeography, a land bridge is an isthmus or wider land connection between otherwise separate areas, over which animals and plants are able to cross and colonize new lands. A land bridge can be created by marine regression, in which sea levels fall, exposing shallow, previously submerged sections of continental shelf; or when new land is created by plate tectonics; or occasionally when the sea floor rises due to post-glacial rebound after an ice age. Prominent examples Former land bridges * The Bassian Plain, which linked Australia to Tasmania * The Antarctic Land Bridge, which connected South America, Antarctica, and Australia during the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene * The Bering Land Bridge (aka Beringia), which intermittently connected Alaska (Northern America) with Siberia (North Asia) as sea levels rose and fell under the effect of ice ages * GAARlandia, a hypothesized land bridge which potentially connected the Greater Antilles with South America d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
