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Abbas Mirza
Abbas Mirza (; 26 August 1789 – 25 October 1833) was the Qajar dynasty, Qajar crown prince of Qajar Iran, Iran during the reign of his father Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (). As governor of the vulnerable Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan province, he played a crucial part in the two wars against the Russian Empire (Russo-Persian War (1804–1813), 1804–1813 and Russo-Persian War (1826–1828), 1826–1828), as well as the Ottoman–Persian War (1821–1823), war of 1821–1823 against the Ottoman Empire. He is also recognized for leading Iran's first reform and modernization attempts with the help of his ministers Mirza Bozorg Qa'em-Maqam and Abol-Qasem Qa'em-Maqam. The conflict in the Azerbaijan and Caucasus regions between Iran and the Russian Empire was prevalent throughout the time that Abbas Mirza was growing up. On March 20, 1799, he was made the crown prince and given the title of ''Nayeb-al-saltana'' (viceregent). Around the same time, he was appointed the governor of Azerbaijan, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crown Prince
A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The female form of the title, crown princess, is held by a woman who is heir apparent or is married to the heir apparent. ''Crown prince'' as a descriptive term has been used throughout history for the prince who is first-in-line to a throne and is expected to succeed (i.e. the heir apparent), barring any unforeseen future event preventing this. In certain monarchies, a more specific substantive title may be accorded and become associated with the position of heir apparent (e.g. Prince of Wales in the United Kingdom, Prince of Asturias in the Spain, Kingdom of Spain and formerly the Dauphin of France, Dauphin in Kingdom of France, France). In these monarchies, the term crown prince may be used less often than the substantive title (or never). Until the late twentieth century, no modern monarchy adopted a system whereby females would be guaranteed to succeed to the throne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imam Reza Shrine
The Imam Reza shrine (; ) is a Shi'ite shrine, imamzadeh and mausoleum complex, located in Mashhad, in the province of Razavi Khorasan, Iran. The shrine contains the grave of Ali al-Rida, who is regarded as the eighth Imam in Shia Islam. Also contained within the complex are the Goharshad Mosque, a museum, a library, four seminaries, a cemetery, the Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, and other buildings. The complex is one of the holiest sites in Shia Islam, is a major Iranian tourism center, and has been described as "the heart of the Shia Iran" with 25 million Iranian and non-Iranian Shias visiting the shrine each year, . The shrine covers an area of while the seven courtyards which surround it cover an area of , totalling . The complex was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 6 January 1932, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran, and, on 2 February 2017, was added to the tentative list of UNESCO World Herit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Ganja (1826)
The Battle of Ganja or Elisavetpol (also Elizabethpol, Yelisavetpol, &c.) took place on 25 September 1826 NS/13 September 1826 OS, during the Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828. Crown prince and commander-in-chief Abbas Mirza had launched a successful campaign in the summer of 1826, which resulted in the recapture of many of the territories that were lost to the Russians by virtue of the Treaty of Gulistan (1813). Noticing the approach of the Iranian army, many of the locals that had recently come under formal Russian jurisdiction, quickly switched sides. Amongst the swiftly recaptured territories by the Iranians were the important cities of Baku, Lankaran and Quba. Then Russian commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, Aleksey Yermolov, convinced that he had insufficient resources to battle the Iranians, ordered for the withdrawal from Elisavetpol (Ganja), which was thus retaken as well. Yermolov's replacement, Ivan Paskevich, now with additional resources, started the counteroffen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capture Of Abbasabad
The Capture of Abbasabad - the siege and capture by Russian troops of the Persian fortress Abbasabad, in the Nakhichevan Khanate, during the Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828 The siege lasted from July 13 to 19 July, during which Russian troops defeated the Persian troops of the crown prince Abbas-Mirza. Soon after this, the fortress capitulated. Background In March 1827, infantry general Paskevich took command of the Separate Caucasian Corps and the administration of the Caucasian Territory. In April 1827, having besieged Erivan, Paskevich moved down the Araks to take Nakhichevan and the Abbas-Abad fortress, take possession of the Nakhichevan Khanate and thus thereby depriving the Erivan garrison of the opportunity to receive any help from this side. 14 battalions, 14 squadrons, 6 Cossack semi-regiments and 42 guns were assigned for the campaign to Nakhichevan. On June 21, the main forces of the detachment set out on a campaign and a few days later captured Nakhichevan witho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capture Of Erivan
The capture of Erivan (or Erevan/Yerevan; ; ) took place on 1 October 1827, during the Russo-Persian War of 1826–28. The city fell to the Russians after being besieged for a week and opened up the path for the eventual capture of Tabriz, the second largest city in Iran and an important trading post. Background Siege of Yerevan When word reached Paskevich he abandoned any plans to move south and returned to Echmiadzin (5 September). Moving east he captured the fort of Serdar-Abad from the Persians and on 23 September appeared before the walls of Yerevan. Much of the siege work was directed by Pushchin u a former engineer officer who had been reduced to the ranks for involvement with the Decembrists. When the place fell he was promoted to non-commissioned officer. Yerevan fell on 14 October. 4000 prisoners and 49 guns were taken and the Yerevan Khanate became a Russian province. Aftermath As a result of the capture of Tabriz, the Shah Fath-Ali Shah Qajar sued for peace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
The Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828 was the last major military conflict between the Russian Empire and Qajar Iran, which was fought over territorial disputes in the South Caucasus region. Initiated by Russian expansionist aims and intensified by Iranian resistance, the war witnessed significant military engagements, including the Battle of Ganja and Capture of Erivan. The Iranians were initially successful, catching the Russian forces of Yermolov off-guard. They were aided by local uprisings against Russian garrisons in Talish, Ganja, Shirvan, Shakki, and other areas. However Russian reinforcements under the newly appointed General Ivan Paskevich turned the war decisively in Russia's favor, capturing the important city of Tabriz in northwestern Iran. The war concluded with the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828, which stripped Iran of its last remaining territories north of Aras river in the Caucasus, which comprised all of modern Armenia, the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Sultanabad
The Battle of Sultanabad (Persian: نبرد سلطانآباد) occurred on February 13, 1812 between the Russian Empire and the Persian Empire. In the resulting battle, the Russians were surrounded and routed. The Persians, numerically superior, were led by Abbas Mirza Abbas Mirza (; 26 August 1789 – 25 October 1833) was the Qajar dynasty, Qajar crown prince of Qajar Iran, Iran during the reign of his father Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (). As governor of the vulnerable Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan province, he played ... and fought the Russians. A Persian offensive into Georgia, with Persia's British and French-trained Nezam-e Jadid infantry,''Building a new Army:Military reform in Qajar Iran'', Stephanie Cronin, War and Peace in Qajar Persia, ed. Roxane Farmanfarmiaian, (Routledge, 2008), 53. initiated the battle. The Persians had also obtained European cannons from the French. The Persians won the battle by moving faster than the Russians and by attacking them near their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Echmiadzin (1804)
The Battle of Echmiadzin took place in June 1804, during the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813. A Russian force of 5,000 men under Pavel Tsitsianov advanced on Erivan. An Iranian army of 20,000 under Crown-Prince Abbas Mirza met him at Echmiadzin. Cutting off the Russian's supplies the Iranians successfully defended the town and forced the Russians to withdraw. Though the Russians were unable to capture Echmiadzin, the outcome of the battle itself has been variously described as inconclusive, an Iranian victory, or a Russian victory. Background In 1801, capitalizing on political turmoil in Iran, the Russians annexed Kartli-Kakheti (eastern Georgia), a region which had been part of Iran for centuries. In 1802, Pavel Tsitsianov was appointed as the new Russian commander-in-chief in the Caucasus. A die-hard Russian imperialist and expansionist, he had little respect for either the inhabitants of the Caucasus or the Iranians. In January 1804, he invaded Iran, besieging the Iranian c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karyagin's Raid
Colonel Karyagin's campaign (), also known as Qarabagh-Ganjeh campaign in Iranian sources, were the actions of a small Russian detachment in order to gain time against the Persian army. Russian colonel Karyagin completed his task, although most of the squad was killed or wounded. Background In 1805, the Treaty of Kurakchay was concluded, according to which Russia annexed Karabakh. However, at the same time, the War of the Third Coalition was taking place in Europe. Russia took an active part in them and therefore could not maintain large forces in the Caucasus. The Iranians planned to take advantage of this and retake the territory of Karabakh. To do this, they tried to raise 100,000 troops. To counter them, Pavel Tsitsianov gathered two detachments, Lenevich and Karyagin. Lenevich's detachment was already able to defeat the Persians once. Karyagin was preparing to march at that time. Campaign Karyagin marched on June 21, and three days later, on the outskirts of Shah Bulakh, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Erivan (1808)
The siege of Erivan took place in October and November 1808, during the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813. As in 1804, the Iranians successfully defended the city and forced the Russians to withdraw. The Russian campaign, launched late in the season and poorly conceived and executed, failed after a six-week siege of the Iranian fortress of Erivan. The Russians had suffered 3,000 casualties with almost 1,000 deaths. Russian field marshal Ivan Gudovich tried to excuse his defeat by claiming that French military officers had helped the Iranians, but Gudovich's superiors, as modern historian Alexander Mikaberidze explains, "knew better". Tsar Alexander I Alexander I may refer to: * Alexander I of Macedon, king of Macedon from 495 to 454 BC * Alexander I of Epirus (370–331 BC), king of Epirus * Alexander I Theopator Euergetes, surnamed Balas, ruler of the Seleucid Empire 150-145 BC * Pope Alex ... was severely dissatisfied; when he heard about Gudovich's failure, he named h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Erivan (1804)
The siege of Erivan (Yerevan, the capital of modern Armenia) took place from July to September 1804, during the Russo-Persian War (1804–1813). After a difficult advance, the Russians under Pavel Tsitsianov besieged Erivan. The Iranian forces inside Erivan's citadel prevented the Russians from making a direct attack, while those outside the citadel surrounded the Russians and cut the invaders' supply lines. Commanded by Crown-Prince Abbas Mirza and King Fath-Ali Shah Qajar himself (1797–1834), the Iranians successfully defended the city and defeated the Russian attack. Tsitsianov, in order to save his reputation, shifted the blame on a plethora of people and matters, and deliberately left out his own wrongdoings. Background In 1801, capitalising on political turmoil in Iran, the Russians annexed Kartli-Kakheti (eastern Georgia), a region which had been part of Iran for centuries. In 1802, Pavel Tsitsianov was appointed as the new Russian commander-in-chief in the Caucasu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Aslanduz
The Battle of Aslanduz took place on 31 October and 1 November 1812 between the Russian Empire and Qajar Iran during the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813). Russian Imperial army, smaller in number, defeated the Persian troops and captured the spoils. Background In March 1812, the British ambassador to Persia signed a peace treaty to ally the country with Persia. In the same year, Napoleon's troops invaded Russia. The Russian Empire tried to make peace with Persia but were unable to come to an agreement. Battle The Persian commander Fath Ali Shah stationed his forces, led by his two heirs, Abbas Mirza and Dowlatshah, in Aslanduz. Russian forces under the command of Major General Pyotr Kotlyarevsky launched a surprise night attack and routed the Persians, who were still sleeping. Kotlyarevsky then quickly moved on to storm Lankaran successfully in early 1813 which ended any Persian hope of continuing the war or settling on a stalemate for both parties. The Persian casualties ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
