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APUG
Photrio (formerly APUG) is a website and Internet forum for an international group of photographers who use analog photography. The website was founded in September 2002, and has attracted approximately 60,000 members, including paying subscribers. The group's website is maintained through users' donations, subscriptions, advertising revenue as well as corporate sponsorship. The website's primary subject is analog photography that involves using film and darkroom techniques to produce negatives, slides or prints. Subjects discussed in the forums are concerned with aspects of traditional photography, including processes like cyanotype, platinum printing and other alternative processes. Each subject area has a forum. The galleries have scanned photographic materials posted, which concern the methods and results of traditional processes. The website has an image gallery that encourages peer review. The founder of APUG is Sean Ross from New Zealand. Events In 2006 the first annu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platinotype
Platinum prints, also called ''platinotypes'', are photographic prints made by a monochrome photographic printing, printing process involving platinum. Platinum tones range from warm black, to reddish brown, to expanded mid-tone grays that are unobtainable in silver prints. Unlike the Gelatin silver process, silver print process, platinum lies on the paper surface, while silver lies in a gelatin or Albumen print, albumen emulsion that coats the paper. As a result, since no gelatin emulsion is used, the final platinum image is absolutely Paint sheen#Terminology, matte with a deposit of platinum (and/or palladium, its sister element which is also used in most platinum photographs) absorbed slightly into the paper. Platinum prints are the most durable of all photographic processes. The platinum group metals are very stable against chemical reactions that might degrade the print—even more stable than gold. It is estimated that a platinum image, properly made, can last thousands o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photographer
A photographer (the Greek φῶς (''phos''), meaning "light", and γραφή (''graphê''), meaning "drawing, writing", together meaning "drawing with light") is a person who uses a camera to make photographs. Duties and types of photographers As in other arts, the definitions of amateur and professional are not entirely categorical. An ''amateur photographer'' takes snapshots for pleasure to remember events, places or friends with no intention of selling the images to others. A ''professional photographer'' is likely to take photographs for a session and image purchase fee, by salary or through the display, resale or use of those photographs. A professional photographer may be an employee, for example of a newspaper, or may contract to cover a particular planned event such as a wedding or graduation, or to illustrate an advertisement. Others, like fine art photographers, are freelancers, first making an image and then licensing or making printed copies of it for s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Analog Photography
Film photography or classical photography, also known by the retronym analog photography, is a term usually applied to photography that uses chemical processes to capture an image, typically on paper, film or a hard plate. These processes were the only methods available to photographers for more than a century prior to the invention of digital photography, which uses electronic sensors to record images to digital media. Analog electronic photography was sometimes used in the late 20th century but soon died out. Photographic films utilize silver halide crystals suspended in emulsion, which when exposed to light record a latent image, which is then processed making it visible and insensitive to light. Despite a steep decline in popularity since the advent of digital photography, film photography has seen a limited resurgence due to social media and the ubiquity of digital cameras. With the renewed interest in traditional photography, new organizations (Film Is Not Dead, Lomo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Film
A film, also known as a movie or motion picture, is a work of visual art that simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, emotions, or atmosphere through the use of moving images that are generally, since the 1930s, synchronized with sound and (less commonly) other sensory stimulations. Etymology and alternative terms The name "film" originally referred to the thin layer of photochemical emulsion on the celluloid strip that used to be the actual medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion-picture, including "picture", "picture show", "moving picture", "photoplay", and "flick". The most common term in the United States is "movie", while in Europe, "film" is preferred. Archaic terms include "animated pictures" and "animated photography". "Flick" is, in general a slang term, first recorded in 1926. It originates in the verb flicker, owing to the flickering appearance of early films ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darkroom
A darkroom is used to process photographic film, make Photographic printing, prints and carry out other associated tasks. It is a room that can be made completely dark to allow the processing of light-sensitive photographic materials, including film and photographic paper. Various equipment is used in the darkroom, including an enlarger, baths containing chemicals, and running water. Darkrooms have been used since the inception of photography in the early 19th century. Darkrooms have many various manifestations, from the elaborate space used by Ansel Adams to a retooled ambulance wagon used by Timothy H. O'Sullivan. From the initial development of the film to the creation of prints, the darkroom process allows complete control over the medium. Due to the popularity of color photography and complexity of List of photographic processes, processing color film (''see C-41 process'') and printing color photographs and also to the rise, first of Instant camera, instant photography te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Negative (photography)
In photography, a negative is an Photograph, image, usually on a strip or sheet of transparent plastic film, in which the lightest areas of the photographed subject appear darkest and the darkest areas appear lightest. This reversed order occurs because the extremely light-sensitive chemicals a camera film must use to capture an image quickly enough for ordinary picture-taking are darkened, rather than bleached, by exposure to light and subsequent photographic processing. In the case of color negatives, the colors are also reversed into their respective complementary colors. Typical color negatives have an overall dull orange tint due to an automatic color-masking feature that ultimately results in improved color reproduction. Negatives are normally used to make positive prints on photographic paper by projecting the negative onto the paper with a photographic enlarger or making a contact print. The paper is also darkened in proportion to its Exposure (photography), exposure to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photographic Slide
In photography, reversal film or slide film is a type of photographic film that produces a Positive (photography), positive image on a Transparency (optics), transparent base. Instead of negative (photography), negatives and photographic printing, prints, reversal film is processed to produce transparencies or :en:wiktionary:diapositive#English, diapositives (abbreviated as "diafilm" or "dia" in some languages like German language, German, Romanian language, Romanian or Hungarian language, Hungarian). Reversal film is produced in various sizes, from 135 film, 35 mm to roll film to 8×10 inch sheet film. A slide is a specially mounted individual transparency intended for projection onto a screen using a slide projector. This allows the photograph to be viewed by a large audience at once. The most common form is the 35 mm slide, with the image framed in a 2×2 inch cardboard or plastic mount. Some specialized labs produce photographic slides from digital camera images in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photographic Print
Photographic printing is the process of producing a final image on paper for viewing, using chemically sensitized paper. The paper is exposed to a photographic negative, a positive transparency (or ''slide''), or a digital image file projected using an enlarger or digital exposure unit such as a LightJet or Minilab printer. Alternatively, the negative or transparency may be placed atop the paper and directly exposed, creating a contact print. Digital photographs are commonly printed on plain paper, for example by a color printer, but this is not considered "photographic printing". Following exposure, the paper is processed to reveal and make permanent the latent image. Printing on black-and-white paper The process consists of four major steps, performed in a photographic darkroom or within an automated photo printing machine. These steps are: *Exposure of the image onto the sensitized paper using a contact printer or enlarger; * Processing of the latent image using the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyanotype
The cyanotype (from , and , ) is a slow-reacting, photographic printing formulation sensitive to a limited near-ultraviolet and blue light spectrum, the range 300 nm to 400 nm known as UVA radiation. It produces a monochrome, blue-coloured print on a range of supports, and is often used for art and reprography in the form of blueprints. For any purpose, the process usually uses two chemicals - ferric ammonium citrate or ferric ammonium oxalate, and potassium ferricyanide, and only water to develop and fix. Announced in 1842, it is still in use. History The cyanotype was discovered, and named thus, by Sir John Herschel, who in 1842 published his investigation of light on iron compounds, expecting that photochemical reactions would reveal, in a form visible to the human eye, the infrared extreme of the electromagnetic spectrum detected by his father William Herschel and the ultraviolet or " actinic" rays that had been discovered in 1801 by Johann Ritter. Tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alternative Process
The term alternative process refers to any non-traditional or non-commercial photographic printing process. Currently, the standard analog photographic printing process for black-and-white photographs is the gelatin silver process. Standard digital processes include the pigment print, and digital laser exposures on traditional color photographic paper. Alternative processes often overlap with historical, or non-silver processes. Most of these processes were invented over 100 years ago and were used by early photographers. Many contemporary photographers are revisiting alternative processes and applying new technologies (the digital negative) and practices to these techniques. Examples * Anthotype * Caffenol *Daguerreotype * Gum bichromate and other Pigmented Dichromated Colloids which are used to directly generate a photographic print * Platinum Process and Palladium Process *Carbon print and various similar processes which use a non-sensitive intermediate layer to generate a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand
New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of island countries, sixth-largest island country by area and lies east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The Geography of New Zealand, country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps (), owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. Capital of New Zealand, New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. The islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable land to be settled by humans. Between about 1280 and 1350, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and subsequently developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight and record New Zealand. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilford Photo
Harman Technology Limited, trading as Ilford Photo, is a UK-based manufacturer of photographic materials known worldwide for its Ilford branded black-and-white film, papers and chemicals and other analog photography supplies. Historically it also published the '' Ilford Manual of Photography'', a comprehensive manual of everything photographic, including the optics, physics and chemistry of photography, along with recipes for many developers. Under the ownership of the industrial conglomerate ICI in the 1960s, the company produced a range of Ilfochrome (Cibachrome) and Ilfocolor colour printing materials at a new plant in Switzerland developed in partnership with the Swiss company CIBA-Geigy, which later acquired ICI's shares. By the 2000s, as the UK/Swiss company Ilford Imaging, the decline of the film market saw the UK company in receivership by 2004, but rescued by a management buy-out, Harman Technology Ltd, which today continues the production of traditional black-and-w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
