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ACVR2A
Activin receptor type-2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ACVR2A'' gene. ACVR2A is an activin type 2 receptor. Function This gene encodes activin A type II receptor. Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor protein serine/threonine kinase, receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I (I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. Type I receptors are essential for signaling; and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resultin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Activin Type 2 Receptor
The activin type 2 receptors belong to a larger TGF-beta receptor family and modulate signals for transforming growth factor beta ligands. These receptors are involved in a host of physiology, physiological processes including, cell growth, growth, cell differentiation, homeostasis, osteogenesis, apoptosis and many other functions. There are two activin type two receptors: ACVR2A and ACVR2B. Despite the large amount of processes that these ligands regulate, they all operate through essentially the same TGF beta signaling pathway, pathway: A ligand binds to a type 2 receptor, which recruits and trans-phosphorylates a type I receptor. The type I receptor recruits a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) which it phosphorylates. The RSMAD then translocates to the nucleus where it functions as a transcription factor. Function Several ligands that signal through the activin type 2 receptors regulate muscle growth. Myostatin, a TGF-beta superfamily member, is a negative regulator of musc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ACVR1B
Activin receptor type-1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ACVR1B'' gene. ACVR1B or ALK-4 acts as a transducer of activin or activin-like ligands (e.g., inhibin) signals. Activin binds to either ACVR2A or ACVR2B and then forms a complex with ACVR1B. These go on to recruit the R-SMADs SMAD2 or SMAD3. ACVR1B also transduces signals of nodal, GDF-1, and Vg1; however, unlike activin, they require other coreceptor molecules such as the protein Cripto. Function Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I (I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with a cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SYNJ2BP
Synaptojanin-2-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SYNJ2BP'' gene. Interactions SYNJ2BP has been shown to interact with: * ACVR2A Activin receptor type-2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ACVR2A'' gene. ACVR2A is an activin type 2 receptor. Function This gene encodes activin A type II receptor. Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which ..., * ACVR2B, * LRP1, and * LRP2. References Further reading * * * * * * {{protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
INHBA
Inhibin, beta A, also known as INHBA, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''INHBA'' gene. INHBA is a subunit of both activin and inhibin, two closely related glycoproteins with opposing biological effects. Function The inhibin beta A subunit joins the alpha subunit to form a pituitary FSH secretion inhibitor. Inhibin has been shown to regulate gonadal stromal cell proliferation negatively and to have tumor-suppressor activity. In addition, serum levels of inhibin have been shown to reflect the size of granulosa-cell tumors and can therefore be used as a marker for primary as well as recurrent disease. Because expression in gonadal and various extragonadal tissues may vary several fold in a tissue-specific fashion, it is proposed that inhibin may be both a growth/differentiation factor and a hormone. Furthermore, the beta A subunit forms a homodimer, activin A, and also joins with a beta B subunit to form a heterodimer, activin AB, both of which stimulate FSH secreti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, Cell signaling, responding to stimuli, providing Cytoskeleton, structure to cells and Fibrous protein, organisms, and Intracellular transport, transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the Nucleic acid sequence, nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific Protein structure, 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called pep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S/T Domain
An eponym is a noun after which or for which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named. Adjectives derived from the word ''eponym'' include ''eponymous'' and ''eponymic''. Eponyms are commonly used for time periods, places, innovations, biological nomenclature, astronomical objects, works of art and media, and tribal names. Various orthographic conventions are used for eponyms. Usage of the word The term ''eponym'' functions in multiple related ways, all based on an explicit relationship between two named things. ''Eponym'' may refer to a person or, less commonly, a place or thing for which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named. ''Eponym'' may also refer to someone or something named after, or believed to be named after, a person or, less commonly, a place or thing. A person, place, or thing named after a particular person share an eponymous relationship. In this way, Elizabeth I of England is the eponym of the Elizabethan era, but the Elizabethan e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TS Domain
TS or Ts may refer to: Businesses and organizations * Air Transat (IATA code TS), a Canadian airline * Tenaris (NYSE symbol), a global manufacturer of steel pipe products * Theosophical Society, religious philosophy * Tidewater Southern Railway (reporting mark TS), a former US railroad * Trabzonspor, a Turkish Football Club * Transcendental Students, a former radical student group at NYU * TS Ferries, an Estonian ferry line Linguistics * Ts (digraph), a digraph in the Latin alphabet * Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate (, , or ), a type of consonantal sound ** Tse (Cyrillic) (Ц ц), the Cyrillic letter representing the voiceless alveolar affricate * Tsonga language (ISO 639 code: ts), of southern Africa Science and technology * Tensile strength, in materials science Biology and medicine * Transverse section, a term used in microscopy when prepared slide has a sample transversely dissected. * Thymidylate synthase, the enzyme used to generate thymidine monophosphate * Tour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GS Domain
GS may stand for: Businesses and organizations * Goldman Sachs, one of the world's largest global investment banks * Global Star Software, a former Canadian video game publisher * GS (Swedish union), a trade union in Sweden * GS Group, a Korean company that is a spin-off from the LG Group * Columbia University School of General Studies, one of three undergraduate colleges at Columbia University in New York City * Génération.s, a political party in France * Freedom Movement (Slovenia) ), a political party in Slovenia * Tianjin Airlines, by IATA code Music * GS Boyz (explicitly G-Spot Boyz), an American hip hop group from Arlington, Texas, Places * Gansu, a province of China (Guobiao abbreviation GS) * South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (ISO country code GS), a British Overseas Territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean Science and technology Biology and medicine * Gs alpha subunit, a subtype of G-protein coupled receptors * Gilbert's syndrome, a liver enzyme disorde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphorylation
In biochemistry, phosphorylation is described as the "transfer of a phosphate group" from a donor to an acceptor. A common phosphorylating agent (phosphate donor) is ATP and a common family of acceptor are alcohols: : This equation can be written in several ways that are nearly equivalent that describe the behaviors of various protonated states of ATP, ADP, and the phosphorylated product. As is clear from the equation, a phosphate group per se is not transferred, but a phosphoryl group (PO3-). Phosphoryl is an electrophile. This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Protein phosphorylation often activates (or deactivates) many enzymes. During respiration Phosphorylation is essential to the processes of both anaerobic and aerobic respiration, which involve the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the "high-energy" exc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of Gene product, RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first transcription (biology), copied into RNA. RNA can be non-coding RNA, directly functional or be the intermediate protein biosynthesis, template for the synthesis of a protein. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring, is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits from one generation to the next. These genes make up different DNA sequences, together called a genotype, that is specific to every given individual, within the gene pool of the population (biology), population of a given species. The genotype, along with environmental and developmental factors, ultimately determines the phenotype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytoplasmic
The cytoplasm describes all the material within a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, including the organelles and excluding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. The material inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. The main components of the cytoplasm are the cytosol (a gel-like substance), the cell's internal sub-structures, and various cytoplasmic inclusions. In eukaryotes the cytoplasm also includes the nucleus, and other membrane-bound organelles.The cytoplasm is about 80% water and is usually colorless. The submicroscopic ground cell substance, or cytoplasmic matrix, that remains after the exclusion of the cell organelles and particles is groundplasm. It is the hyaloplasm of light microscopy, a highly complex, polyphasic system in which all resolvable cytoplasmic elements are suspended, including the larger organelles such as the ribosomes, mitochondria, plant plastids, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
