63rd Street Tunnel
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63rd Street Tunnel
The 63rd Street Tunnel is a double-deck subway and railroad tunnel under the East River between the Borough of New York City, boroughs of Manhattan and Queens in New York City. Opened in 1989, it is the newest of the East River tunnels, as well as the newest rail river crossing in the New York metropolitan area. The upper level of the 63rd Street Tunnel carries the 63rd Street lines, IND 63rd Street Line of the New York City Subway. The lower level carries Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) trains to Grand Central Madison station, Grand Central as part of the East Side Access project. Construction of the 63rd Street Tunnel began in 1969. The tunnel was Tunnel hole-through, holed through beneath Roosevelt Island in 1972, but completion of the tunnel and its connections was delayed by the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis. The upper level was opened in 1989, twenty years after construction started. The lower level was not opened at that time because of the cancellation of the LIRR rout ...
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East Side Access
East Side Access (ESA) is a public works project in New York City that extended the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) two miles from its Main Line (Long Island Rail Road), Main Line in Queens to the new Grand Central Madison station under Grand Central Terminal on Manhattan's East Side (Manhattan), East Side. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) project was originally scheduled to open in 2009 but was delayed by more than a decade. The new station and tunnels opened with limited service to Jamaica station in Queens on January 25, 2023, before full service began the following month, on February 27. The estimated cost of the project rose over threefold from to , making it one of the world's most expensive underground rail-construction projects. The new LIRR terminal contains eight tracks and four platforms in a two-level station below street level. It was built in conjunction with several other LIRR expansion projects, including the construction of Third Track Project, a ...
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New York City Transit Authority
The New York City Transit Authority (also known as NYCTA, the TA, or simply Transit, and branded as MTA New York City Transit) is a New York state public-benefit corporations, public-benefit corporation in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York that operates public transportation in New York City. Part of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, the busiest and largest transit system in North America, the NYCTA has a daily ridership of 8million trips (over 2.5billion annually). The NYCTA operates the following systems: * New York City Subway, a rapid transit system serving Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens * Staten Island Railway, a rapid transit line on Staten Island (operated by the subsidiary Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority) * New York City Bus, an extensive bus network serving all five boroughs (operated by the subsidiary MTA Regional Bus Operations) Name As part of establishing a common corporate identity, the Metropolitan Transportation Aut ...
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John Lindsay
John Vliet Lindsay (; November 24, 1921 – December 19, 2000) was an American politician and lawyer. During his political career, Lindsay was a U.S. congressman, the mayor of New York City, and a candidate for U.S. president. He was also a regular guest host of ''Good Morning America''. Lindsay served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from January 1959 to December 1965 and as mayor of New York from January 1966 to December 1973. He switched from the Republican to the Democratic Party in 1971, and launched a brief and unsuccessful bid for the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination, and later the Democratic nomination for U.S. Senate in 1980. Early life Lindsay was born in New York City on West End Avenue to George Nelson Lindsay and the former Florence Eleanor Vliet. He grew up in an upper-middle-class family of English and Dutch descent. Lindsay's paternal grandfather migrated to the United States in the 1880s from the Isle of Wight, and his moth ...
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Central Park
Central Park is an urban park between the Upper West Side and Upper East Side neighborhoods of Manhattan in New York City, and the first landscaped park in the United States. It is the List of parks in New York City, sixth-largest park in the city, containing , and the most visited urban park in the United States, with an estimated 42 million visitors annually . It is also one of the most filmed locations in the world. The creation of a large park in Manhattan was first proposed in the 1840s, and a park approved in 1853. In 1858, landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux won a Architectural design competition, design competition for the park with their "Greensward Plan". Construction began in 1857; existing structures, including a majority-Black settlement named Seneca Village, were seized through eminent domain and razed. The park's first areas were opened to the public in late 1858. Additional land at the northern end of Central Park was purchased in ...
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Cut-and-cover
A tunnel is an underground or undersea passageway. It is dug through surrounding soil, earth or rock, or laid under water, and is usually completely enclosed except for the two Portal (architecture), portals common at each end, though there may be access and ventilation openings at various points along the length. A Pipeline transport, pipeline differs significantly from a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube construction techniques rather than traditional tunnel boring methods. A tunnel may be for foot or vehicular road traffic, for rail transport, rail traffic, or for a canal. The central portions of a rapid transit network are usually in the tunnel. Some tunnels are used as sanitary sewer, sewers or aqueduct (watercourse), aqueducts to supply water for consumption or for hydroelectric stations. Utility tunnels are used for routing steam, chilled water, electrical power or telecommunication cables, as well as connecting buildings for convenient passa ...
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Port Deposit, Maryland
Port Deposit is a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It is located on the east bank of the Susquehanna River near its discharge into the Chesapeake Bay. The population was 653 at the 2010 United States Census, 2010 census. Geography Port Deposit is located at (39.610915, -76.100172). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and is water. It is the westernmost incorporated municipality in Cecil County, Maryland, Cecil County, as well as in the Delaware Valley, Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area, better known as the Delaware Valley. History Early history The first recorded European visits to the area were the 1608 and 1609 expeditions led by Captain John Smith up the Chesapeake Bay. He sailed about up the Susquehanna River to the present location of Port Deposit, and gave the name of "Smythe Fayles" to the rapids just above the future town.
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Kiewit Corporation
Kiewit Corporation is an American construction company based in Omaha, Nebraska founded in 1884. In 2021, it was ranked 243rd on the Fortune 500. Privately held, it is one of the largest construction and engineering organizations in North America. It is an employee-owned company. History The company was founded in 1884 as Kiewit Brothers Masonry Contractors by Peter and Andrew Kiewit, who were of Dutch descent. Their father, John Kiewit, emigrated from The Hague in 1857, where he learned the trade of brickmaking. John Kiewit established a brickyard in Omaha, Nebraska where his sons worked and learned the skills for their masonry business. Early projects included the seven-story Lincoln Hotel in Lincoln as stonemasons and the Bekins warehouse as general contractor. It is an employee-owned company. The original brothers dissolved their partnership in 1904 and the founding Peter Kiewit continued as a sole proprietorship. In 1912, two of his sons, Ralph and George Kiewit, joined ...
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MTA Capital Construction
MTA Construction and Development Company is a subsidiary of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), formed in July 2003 as MTA Capital Construction Company to manage the MTA's major capital projects in the New York metropolitan area. It mainly focuses on improving transportation infrastructure and facilities in New York City, the Hudson Valley, and Long Island areas. Funding primarily comes from local, state, and national bond sales and budgets. In 2017 Janno Lieber became MTA Capital Construction president; in 2021 he was appointed Acting Chair of the MTA. Projects being built under MTA Capital Construction include the East Side Access and phases 2, 3, and 4 of the Second Avenue Subway. The Fulton Center was completed in November 2014 under MTA Capital Construction; the 7 Subway Extension was completed in September 2015; and the Second Avenue Subway's first phase was completed in January 2017. Other projects include the third track on the Main Line on the Long Isl ...
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Archer Avenue Lines
The Archer Avenue lines are two rapid transit lines of the New York City Subway, mostly running under Archer Avenue in the Jamaica neighborhood of Queens. The two lines are built on separate levels: trains from the IND Queens Boulevard Line () serve the upper level, and trains from the BMT Jamaica Line () serve the lower. The two lines are separate, and do not share track connections, and therefore have different chainings and radio frequencies. The B2 ( IND Division) Archer Avenue line uses the upper level, and the B1 ( BMT Division) Archer Avenue line uses the lower level. These lines were conceived as part of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA)'s 1968 expansion plans, and along with the 63rd Street lines and a small section of the Second Avenue Subway, they were the only portions of the plan to be completed before it was scaled back due to fiscal issues. These lines were originally planned to be extended further east into Queens. Construction on the line star ...
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Program For Action
Metropolitan Transportation: A Program for Action, also known as simply the Program for Action, the Grand Design, or the New Routes Program, was a proposal in the mid-1960s for a large expansion of mass transit in New York City, created under then-Mayor John Lindsay. Originally published on February 29, 1968, the Program for Action was one of the most ambitious expansion plans in the history of the New York City Subway. The plan called for of tracks to be constructed, and more than 80% of the new trackage was to be built in the borough of Queens. The $2.9 billion plan also called for improvements to other modes of mass transit, such as the present-day Long Island Rail Road and Metro-North Railroad commuter rail systems, and further integration between mass transit and the Aviation in the New York metropolitan area, New York City-area airport system. Transport improvements built under the Program for Action were supposed to relieve overcrowding on existing transit modes in the N ...
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Pennsylvania Station (New York City)
Pennsylvania Station (also known as New York Penn Station or simply Penn Station) is the main inter-city rail, intercity railroad station in New York City and the List of busiest railway stations in North America, busiest transportation facility in the Western Hemisphere, serving more than 600,000 passengers per weekday . The station is located beneath Madison Square Garden in the block bounded by Seventh Avenue (Manhattan), Seventh and Eighth Avenue (Manhattan), Eighth Avenues and 31st and 33rd Streets and in the James A. Farley Building, with additional exits to nearby streets, in Midtown Manhattan. It is close to several popular Manhattan locations, including Herald Square, the Empire State Building, Koreatown, Manhattan, Koreatown, and Macy's Herald Square. Penn Station has 21 tracks fed by seven tunnels, including its two North River Tunnels, four East River Tunnels, and one Empire Connection tunnel. It is at the center of the Northeast Corridor, a passenger rail line that ...
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