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3rd Naval Armaments Supplement Programme (Japan, 1937)
The otherwise known as the "Circle Three" Plan was the third of four expansion plans of the Imperial Japanese Navy between 1930 and the start of World War II. Background The London Naval Treaty placed severe restrictions on Japan's naval capabilities vis-a-vis the United States Navy and the British Royal Navy in terms of tonnage and numbers of capital warships. The response of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff was to initiate a construction program ( ''Maru-1'') to build 39 new warships to the allotted tonnage limits in each of the restricted categories, and to invest in types of warships and weaponry not specifically covered by the provisions of the treaty, such as expansion of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service to 14 Naval Air Groups Evans, ''Kaigun''. page 238-239 In 1934, the Naval Ministry submitted its second expansion plan ''Maru-2'' to the Cabinet, to make up for the shortfall in funding caused by modifications to rectify issues with existing equipment af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Japanese Navy
The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN; Kyūjitai: Shinjitai: ' 'Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire', or ''Nippon Kaigun'', 'Japanese Navy') was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945, when it was dissolved following Japan's surrender in World War II. The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) was formed between 1952–1954 after the dissolution of the IJN. The Imperial Japanese Navy was the third largest navy in the world by 1920, behind the Royal Navy and the United States Navy (USN). It was supported by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service for aircraft and airstrike operation from the fleet. It was the primary opponent of the Western Allies in the Pacific War. The origins of the Imperial Japanese Navy go back to early interactions with nations on the Asian continent, beginning in the early medieval period and reaching a peak of activity during the 16th and 17th centuries at a time of cultural exchange with European powers during the Age of Discovery. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aircraft Carrier
An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Carriers have evolved since their inception in the early twentieth century from wooden vessels used to deploy balloons to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighters, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft. While heavier aircraft such as fixed-wing gunships and bombers have been launched from aircraft carriers, these aircraft have not successfully landed on a carrier. By its diplomatic and tactical power, its mobility, its autonomy and the variety of its means, the aircraft carrier is often the centerpiece of modern combat fleets. Tactically or even strategically, it replaced the battleship in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Escort Kunashiri
was one of four s built for the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. Background and description The Japanese called these ships ''Kaibōkan'', "ocean defence ships", (''Kai'' = sea, ocean, ''Bo'' = defence, ''Kan'' = ship), to denote a multi-purpose vessel. They were initially intended for patrol and fishery protection, minesweeping and as convoy escorts. The ships measured overall, with a beam of and a draft of . They displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ships had two diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft, which were rated at a total of for a speed of . The ships had a range of at a speed of .Jentschura, Jung & Mickel, p. 186 The main armament of the ''Shimushu'' class consisted of three Type 3 guns in single mounts, one superfiring pair aft and one mount forward of the superstructure. They were built with four Type 96 anti-aircraft guns in two twin-gun mounts, but the total was increased to 15 guns by August 1943. A dozen depth charge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Escort Shimushu
was the lead ship of her class of four escort ships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. Background and description The Japanese called these ships ''Kaibōkan'', "ocean defence ships", (''Kai'' = sea, ocean, ''Bo'' = defence, ''Kan'' = ship), to denote a multi-purpose vessel. They were initially intended for patrol and fishery protection, minesweeping and as convoy escorts. The ships measured overall, with a beam of and a draft of .Chesneau, p. 205 They displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ships had two diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft, which were rated at a total of for a speed of . The ships had a range of at a speed of .Jentschura, Jung & Mickel, p. 186 The main armament of the ''Shimushu'' class consisted of three Type 3 guns in single mounts, one superfiring pair aft and one mount forward of the superstructure. They were built with four Type 96 anti-aircraft guns in two twin-gun mounts, but the total was increa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shimushu-class Escort Ship
The were a class of ''kaibōkan'' (equivalent to US destroyer escorts or British frigates) built for the Imperial Japanese Navy just prior to World War II. Four ships out of an initially planned 16 vessels were completed. The class was also referred to by internal Japanese documents as the . Background The ''Shimushu''-class ''kaibōkan'', as with the torpedo boat, was a consequence of the 1930 London Naval Treaty, which placed limitations on the total destroyer tonnage the Imperial Japanese Navy was permitted. One way in which the treaty could be circumvented was to use a loophole in the treaty which permitted ships of between 600 and 2,000 tons, with no more than four guns over 76mm, no torpedoes, and with a maximum speed of no more than 20 knots. A new class of vessel was designed to use this loophole, and was given the obsolete designation of ''kaibōkan'' (''Kai'' = sea, ocean, ''Bo'' = defence, ''Kan'' = ship), which had previously been used to designate obsolete warships ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Minelayer Aotaka
was the second vessel in the of medium-sized minelayers of the Imperial Japanese Navy, which was in service during World War II. She was designed as an improved version of the netlayer . However, during the Pacific War, due to the critical shortage of patrol ships for convoy escort duties, she was fitted with depth charge racks and her minelaying rails were removed. Building Under the ''Maru-3'' Supplemental Armaments Budget of 1937, the Imperial Japanese Navy authorized a two vessels of a new class of minelayer (Project number H12) primarily for coastal duties. The new vessel was designed to carry either 100 Type 5 naval mines, or to function as a netlayer based on design features developed through operational experience with ''Shirataka''. ''Aotaka'' was launched by the Harima Shipyard near Kobe on February 3, 1940, and was commissioned into service on June 30, 1940. Operational history After commissioning, ''Aotaka'' was assigned to the Maizuru Naval District, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Minelayer Hatsutaka
was the lead vessel in the of medium-sized minelayers of the Imperial Japanese Navy, which was in service during World War II. She was designed as an improved version of anti-submarine netlayer. However, during the Pacific War, due to the critical shortage of escort patrol ships, she was fitted with depth charge racks, her minelaying rails were removed, and she was used primarily for convoy escort duties. She was sunk in action by , losing 70 men. Background Under the ''Maru-3'' Supplemental Naval Amaments Budget of 1937, the Imperial Japanese Navy authorized a two vessels of a new class of minelayer (Project number H12) primarily for coastal duties. The new vessel was designed to carry either 100 Type 5 naval mines, or to function as a netlayer based on design features developed through operational experience with ''Shirataka''. ''Hatsutaka'' was launched by the Harima Shipyard near Kobe on 28 April 1939, and was commissioned into service on 31 October 1939. Operatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hatsutaka-class Minelayer
The was a class of minelayers of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), serving during World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing .... There were three sub-classes, as well. Design *The ''Hastutaka''-class minelayer was a reinforced model of the ''Shirataka''. The Harima Zōsen Corporation dealt with all of the ''Hatsutaka''-class. Ships in classes ''Hatsutaka''-class *Project number was H12. First production model of the ''Hatsutaka''-class. Two vessels were built in 1938-40 under the Maru 3 Programme (Ship # 7 - 8). They were equipped with 4 × 40 mm quick-firing guns for anti-submarine warfare. ''Wakataka''-class *Project number was H12B. Second production model of the ''Hatsutaka''-class. Only 1 vessel was built under the Maru 4 Programme (Ship # 102). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Minelayer Tsugaru
was a large minelayer of the Imperial Japanese Navy that was in service during the early stages of World War II. She was named after the Tsugaru Peninsula in northwest Aomori Prefecture of Japan. She was commissioned immediately before the start of World War II, and sunk by the American submarine USS Darter in June 1944. Building Under the ''Maru-3'' Supplementary Naval Expansion Budget of 1937, a new large minelayer incorporating design improvements realized through operational experience with was funded. In addition to carrying 600 Type 6 naval mines, the new ship was equipped with an aircraft catapult, and carried a Kawanishi E7K reconnaissance seaplane. Physically very similar to ''Okinoshima'' in size, appearance and layout, its main armament was changed to four 127 mm Type 89 dual purpose guns, intended to give ''Tsugaru'' better AA capabilities than its predecessor. ''Tsugaru'' was launched by the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal on 5 June 1940, and was commissioned int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Seaplane Carrier Nisshin
was a seaplane tender (AV) of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. She was built at Kure Naval Arsenal from 1938 to 1942 and was equipped with 2 aircraft catapults and facilities for launching, lifting and carrying up to 12 floatplanes. It was made for the ship to also carry 12 Type 'A' midget submarines and to launch them. Background During the 1930s, the Imperial Japanese Navy made increasing use of naval aviation as scouts for its cruiser and destroyer squadrons. Due to restrictions imposed by the Washington Naval Treaty and London Naval Treaty, the number of aircraft carriers was strictly regulated; however, there was no limitation as to seaplane tenders. ''Nisshin'' was a follow-on to the purpose-built seaplane tender design begun with the ''Chitose''-class and was ordered by the Imperial Japanese Navy under the 3rd Naval Armaments Supplement Programme of 1937. Design ''Nisshin'' was designed with two aircraft catapults for launching seaplanes, and cranes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Aircraft Carrier Zuikaku
''Zuikaku'' ( Japanese: 瑞鶴 "Auspicious Crane") was the second and last built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) shortly before the beginning of the Pacific War. Her aircraft took part in the attack on Pearl Harbor that formally brought the United States into the war, and she fought in several of the most important naval battles of the war, before being sunk during the Battle of Leyte Gulf.Zuikaku @ www.history.navy.mil ''Zuikaku'' was one of six carriers to participate in the Pearl Harbor attack and was the last of the six to be sunk in the war ( Akagi, Kaga, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Aircraft Carrier Shōkaku
''Shōkaku'' ( ja, 翔鶴, "Soaring Crane") was the lead ship of her class of two aircraft carriers for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) shortly before the Pacific War. Along with her sister ship , she took part in several key naval battles during the war, including the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Battle of the Coral Sea, and the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, before being torpedoed and sunk by the U.S. submarine at the Battle of the Philippine Sea. Design The ''Shōkaku''-class carriers were part of the same program that also included the s. No longer restricted by the provisions of the Washington Naval Treaty, which expired in December 1936, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was free to incorporate all those features they deemed most desirable in an aircraft carrier, namely high speed, a long radius of action, heavy protection and a large aircraft capacity. ''Shōkaku'' was laid down at Yokosuka Dockyard on 12 December 1937, launched on 1 June 1939, and commissioned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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