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360 Association
360 Association (''Associazione 360'') is a centrist association connected to the Democratic Party (PD), a political party in Italy. It is led by Enrico Letta and that is why its members are often called ''Lettiani''. The association was founded during the summer of 2007 in support of the candidacy of Enrico Letta, a former Christian Democrat, to the leadership of the newly formed party and represents a centrist position within the party, as he has good relations with almost all the factions of the party, including '' Veltroniani'', ''Rutelliani'', '' Dalemiani'' and the Reformists and Democrats, Olivists, of which he has been considered a member, and The Populars, of which he is currently member. One major goals of the group is to lead the party into an alliance with the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (UDC), while it is critical with the populist Italy of Values party, a traditional ally of the Democrats. In a meeting organized by 360 in June 2008 in Piacenza, UDC lea ...
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Enrico Letta
Enrico Letta (; born 20 August 1966) is an Italian politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy from April 2013 to February 2014, leading a grand coalition of centre-left and centre-right parties. Since March 2021, Letta has been secretary of the Democratic Party (PD). After working as an academic, Letta entered politics in 1998 when he was appointed to the Cabinet as Minister for the Community Policies, a role he held until 1999 when he was promoted to become Minister of Industry, Commerce, and Crafts. In 2001, he left the Cabinet upon his election to the Chamber of Deputies. From 2006 to 2008, he was appointed Secretary of the Council of Ministers. In 2007, Letta was one of the senior founding members of the Democratic Party, and in 2009 was elected as its Deputy Secretary. After the 2013 Italian general election produced an inconclusive result, and following negotiations between party leaders, President Giorgio Napolitano gave him the task of forming a national uni ...
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The Populars
The Populars (''I Popolari'') is a loose association within the Democratic Party (PD), a political party in Italy. The Populars are the heirs of the Italian People's Party (PPI), a Christian-democratic party of the Christian left, and of the left-wing of the Christian Democracy (DC). In 2002–2007 the Populars, led by Franco Marini and Ciriaco De Mita, were the majority faction within Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy, before merging into the PD. In the 2007 Democratic Party primary election around 600 Populars were elected to the party Constituent Assembly. Leading members of the association have included Marini, De Mita (who left the PD over disagreements with party leader Walter Veltroni in early 2008), Pierluigi Castagnetti, Giuseppe Fioroni, Antonello Soro, Rosy Bindi, Enrico Letta and Dario Franceschini (deputy secretary of the party under Veltroni and, later, secretary). Bindi and Letta have been respectively leaders of Democrats Really and the 360 Association: ...
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Gianni Pittella
Giovanni Saverio Furio Pittella (born 19 November 1958) is an Italian politician who served as Leader of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group from 2014 to 2018 and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Italy from 1999 to 2018. He previously served as First Vice President of the European Parliament from 2009 to 2014. Political career Local and national political career Following the political career of his father Domenico Pittella, who was a member of the Senate (1972–1983), he was a member of the Italian Socialist Party, Labour Federation and Democrats of the Left. At the age of 21, he was elected to the municipal council of his hometown Lauria and a year later became a member of the regional council of Basilicata with responsibility for training, culture and productive activities. After graduating in medicine and surgery and later specialising in legal and forensic medicine at the University of Naples Federico II Pitella remained very much i ...
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Paolo De Castro
Paolo De Castro (born 2 February 1958) is an Italian politician, Minister of Agriculture, Food and Forestry Policies in the D'Alema I, D'Alema II and Prodi II cabinets. In 2009 he was elected to the European Parliament, and served as chair of the parliament's Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development from 2009 to 2014. He has also served as professor of Agricultural Economics at the Veterinary Medicine University of Bologna. He is married and has two sons. Early life and career Born in San Pietro Vernotico, Apulia, as a son of farmers; De Castro grew up on the family's 36-hectare farm. In 1980 he graduated at Bologna getting the maximum mark in Agricultural Science. Career Career in academia From January 2001 to May 2004, De Castro chaired the Nomisma Economics Studies Institute. He also chaired the Qualivita Foundation and currently runs the International Agricultural Policy Magazine edited by the Informatore Agrario in Verona. He is professor at the Agriculture Acade ...
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Romano Prodi
Romano Antonio Prodi (; born 9 August 1939) is an Italian politician, economist, academic, senior civil servant, and business executive who served as the tenth president of the European Commission from 1999 to 2004. He served twice as Prime Minister of Italy, first from 18 May 1996 to 21 October 1998, and then from 17 May 2006 to 8 May 2008. Prodi is considered the founder of the Italian centre-left and one of the most prominent and iconic figures of the so-called Second Republic. He is often nicknamed ''Il Professore'' ("The Professor") due to his academic career. A former professor of economics and international advisor to Goldman Sachs, Prodi ran as lead candidate of The Olive Tree coalition, winning the 1996 Italian general election and serving as Prime Minister until 1998. Following the victory of his coalition The Union over the House of Freedoms led by Silvio Berlusconi in the 2006 Italian general election, Prodi took power again. On 24 January 2008, he lost a ...
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Ulivists
The Olivists (''Ulivisti'') are a faction within the Democratic Party (PD), a political party in Italy. The group includes both Christian left politicians, social democrats and social liberals. They have been close supporters of Romano Prodi, hence the term ''Prodiani'', and want the party to be stuck in the tradition of The Olive Tree. The group, whose long-standing leader of the group has been Arturo Parisi, is the bulk of the former party of Prodi, The Democrats and of the former internal opposition within Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy. The Ulivists are keen supporters of the use of primary elections and the original idea of Democratic Party according to Prodi, a party open to all the centre-left forces or, at least, to an alliance with all them, including Italy of Values and the communist parties. History Before the Democratic Party Early groups of Ulivists were formed in 1995–1996, during the campaign for the 1996 general election, by close supporters of Roman ...
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Liberalism
Liberalism is a Political philosophy, political and moral philosophy based on the Individual rights, rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality and equality before the law."political rationalism, hostility to autocracy, cultural distaste for conservatism and for tradition in general, tolerance, and ... individualism". John Dunn. ''Western Political Theory in the Face of the Future'' (1993). Cambridge University Press. . Liberals espouse various views depending on their understanding of these principles. However, they generally support private property, market economy, market economies, individual rights (including civil rights and human rights), liberal democracy, secularism, rule of law, Economic freedom, economic and political freedom, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, and freedom of religion. Liberalism is frequently cited as the dominant ideology of modern times.Wolfe, p. 23.Adams, p. 11. Liberalism became a ...
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2007 Democratic Party (Italy) Leadership Election
The 2007 Democratic Party leadership election was held on 14 October 2007 in order to elect the first leader of the Democratic Party, the largest political party in Italy at the time. The election was conducted as an open primary, with all Italian citizens aged at least 16 and non-Italian legal residents being eligible to vote. A minimum fee of one euro (initially chosen as five euros, lowered to one euro following direct requests by almost all leadership candidates) was requested to voters in order to take part in the election. The election, attended by over three and a half million voters, ended in a landslide victory for Walter Veltroni, Mayor of Rome and former leader of the Democrats of the Left, who gained 75.8% of the vote, being thus elected as first Democratic Party leader. Events Following the national conventions of the Democrats of the Left (DS) and Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (DL), Romano Prodi announced a list of 45 politicians which would have composed th ...
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Democrats Of The Left
The Democrats of the Left ( it, Democratici di Sinistra, DS) was a social-democratic political party in Italy. The DS, successor of the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) and the Italian Communist Party, was formed in 1998 upon the merger of the PDS with several minor parties. A member of The Olive Tree coalition, in October 2007 the DS merged with Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy and a number of minor centre-left parties to form the Democratic Party. The DS was successively led by Massimo D'Alema, Walter Veltroni and Piero Fassino. History At its 20th congress in 1991, the Italian Communist Party was transformed into the Democratic Party of the Left, responding to the Revolutions of 1989 in eastern Europe by re-orienting the party towards the European democratic-socialist tradition. Under the leadership of Massimo D'Alema, the PDS merged with some minor centre-left movements ( Labour Federation, Social Christians, Republican Left, Unitarian Communists, Reformists for E ...
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Umberto Ranieri
Umberto is a masculine Italian given name. It is the Italian form of Humbert. People with the name include: * King Umberto I of Italy (1844–1900) * King Umberto II of Italy (1904–1983) * Prince Umberto, Count of Salemi (1889–1918) * Umberto I, Count of Savoy (980 – 1047 or 1048) * Umberto II, Count of Savoy (1065–1103) * Umberto III, Count of Savoy (1135–1189) * Umberto Bassignani (1878–1944), Italian sculptor * Umberto Boccioni (1882–1916), Italian artist and sculptor * Umberto Calzolari (1938–2018), Italian baseball player * Umberto Colombo (1927–2006), Italian scientist * Umberto De Morpurgo (1896–1961), Italian tennis player * Umberto Eco (1932–2016), Italian writer * Umberto Giordano (1867–1948), Italian composer * Umberto Meoli (1920–2002), Italian economic historian * Umberto Merlin (1885–1964), Italian lawyer and politician * Umberto Nobile (1885–1978), Italian pilot and explorer * Umberto Panerai (born 1953), Italian water polo player ...
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Antonio Di Pietro
Antonio Di Pietro (; born 2 October 1950) is an Italian politician, lawyer and magistrate. He was a minister in government of Romano Prodi, a Senate of the Republic (Italy), Senator, and a Member of the European Parliament. He was a prosecutor in the ''Mani Pulite'' corruption trials in the early 1990s. Prosecutor Di Pietro was born in Montenero di Bisaccia, a ''comune'' in the province of Campobasso, in the Southern Italy, Southern Italian region of Molise, to a poor rural family. As a young man he travelled to Germany, in the city of Böhmenkirch (Baden-Württemberg), where he worked in a factory in the mornings and in a sawmill in the afternoons to pay for his studies. He graduated from night school in Italy with a degree in law in 1978 and became a police officer. After a few years, he started a judicial career as a prosecutor. Mani Pulite In February 1992, Di Pietro began investigating Milan's politicians and business leaders for corruption and kickbacks. Together with oth ...
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Pier Ferdinando Casini
Pier Ferdinando Casini (; born 3 December 1955) is an Italian politician. He served as President of the Chamber of Deputies from 2001 to 2006. Casini is the honorary president of the Centrist Democrat International and the Inter-Parliamentary Union. From 1993 to 2001, he served as secretary of Christian Democratic Centre, while from 2002 until 2016 he was the leader of Union of the Centre. Being elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1983 for the first time, Casini is the longest-serving member of the parliament in Italy. Early life and career Casini was born in Bologna in 1955. His father Tommaso was an Italian literature teacher and a local leader of the Christian Democracy (DC), while his mother Mirella was a librarian. Casini has also two sisters and one brother. After having attended the classical lyceum Luigi Galvani, in 1979 he graduated with a degree in law at the University of Bologna. During these years he joined the Christian Democracy, like his father, and he was e ...
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