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3,4-Isopropylidenedioxyamphetamine
3,4-Isopropylidenedioxyamphetamine (IDA) is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) of the amphetamine family related to 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). It is considerably less potent than MDA as an MRA ''in vitro''. IDA fully substituted for MDMA and LSD in animal drug discrimination tests, albeit with 5- to 7-fold lower potency than MDA. See also * 3,4-Ethylidenedioxyamphetamine (EIDA) * 3,4-Ethylenedioxyamphetamine (EDA) * 3,4-Ethylenedioxymethamphetamine (EDMA) * 3,4-Ethylenedioxymethcathinone 3,4-Ethylenedioxymethcathinone (EDMC), or 3,4-ethylenedioxy-''N''-methylcathinone, is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) of the cathinone family related to methylone (3,4-methylenedioxymethcathinone; MDMC). It is the β- keto or cathinone analog ... (EDMC) References Entactogens Methylenedioxyphenethylamines Monoamine releasing agents Psychedelic phenethylamines Substituted amphetamines {{Psychoactive-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylenedioxyphenethylamines
The substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamines (abbreviated as MDxx) represent a diverse chemical class of compounds derived from phenethylamines. This category encompasses numerous Psychoactive drug, psychoactive substances with Empathogen, entactogenic, Psychedelic drug, psychedelic, and/or stimulant properties, in addition to entheogens. These compounds find application as research chemicals, designer drugs, and recreational substances. The base chemical compound, compound of the MDxx class is methylenedioxyphenethylamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA), and the prototypical agent of this class is MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxy-''N''-methylamphetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy"). Other notable MDxx class substances include 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-''N''-ethylamphetamine (MDEA; "Eve"), methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine, ''N''-methyl-1,3-benzodioxolylbutanamine (MBDB; "Eden"), and methylenedioxymethcathinone, 3,4-methylenedioxy- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3,4-Ethylenedioxymethcathinone
3,4-Ethylenedioxymethcathinone (EDMC), or 3,4-ethylenedioxy-''N''-methylcathinone, is a monoamine releasing agent (MRA) of the cathinone family related to methylone (3,4-methylenedioxymethcathinone; MDMC). It is the β- keto or cathinone analogue of 3,4-ethylenedioxymethamphetamine (EDMA). EDMC acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). Its values for induction of monoamine release are 347nM for serotonin, 327nM for norepinephrine, and 496nM for dopamine in rat brain synaptosomes. These potencies were about 1.4-fold, 2.2-fold, and 3.7-fold lower than those of methylone, respectively. The drug was first described in 2015, whereas EDMA has been described much earlier. See also * 3,4-Ethylenedioxyamphetamine 3,4-Ethylenedioxyamphetamine (EDA), also known as EDA-6, is a drug of the substituted amphetamine, amphetamine family related to 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). It is closely related to structural analog, analogues including 3,4-eth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3,4-Ethylenedioxymethamphetamine
3,4-Ethylenedioxy-''N''-methylamphetamine (EDMA) is an entactogen drug of the methamphetamine class. It is an analogue of MDMA where the methylenedioxy ring has been replaced by an ethylenedioxy ring. EDMA was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book ''PiHKAL'', the dosage is listed as 150–250 mg, and the duration listed as 3–5 hours. According to Shulgin, EDMA produces only mild psychedelic effects consisting of paresthesia, nystagmus, and hypnogogic imagery, with few to no other symptoms. It has been found that EDMA acts as a non-neurotoxic serotonin releasing agent with moderately diminished potency relative to MDMA, and with negligible effects on dopamine release. However, subsequent research found that EMDA is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA) with values of 117nM for serotonin release, 325nM for norepinephrine release, and 597nM for dopamine release in rat brain synaptosomes. Compared to MDMA, EDMA was about half as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3,4-Ethylenedioxyamphetamine
3,4-Ethylenedioxyamphetamine (EDA), also known as EDA-6, is a drug of the substituted amphetamine, amphetamine family related to 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). It is closely related to structural analog, analogues including 3,4-ethylenedioxymethamphetamine (EDMA), 3,4-ethylidenedioxyamphetamine (EIDA), and 3,4-isopropylidenedioxyamphetamine (IDA). EDMA, the ''N''-methyl group, methylated analogue of EDA, is known to be a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). According to Alexander Shulgin however, the drug only produced limited psychoactive drug, psychoactive effects in humans at doses in the range of 150 to 250mg. See also * 3,4-Ethylenedioxymethamphetamine (EDMA) * 3,4-Ethylenedioxymethcathinone (EDMC) * 3,4-Ethylidenedioxyamphetamine (EIDA) * 3,4-Isopropylidenedioxyamphetamine (IDA) * 3,4-Dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA) References Ethylenedioxyphenethylamines Monoamine releasing agents Substituted amphetamines {{Psychoactive-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3,4-Ethylidenedioxyamphetamine
3,4-Ethylidenedioxyamphetamine (EIDA) is a substituted derivative of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), which was developed by David Nichols and coworkers, in the course of research to determine the bulk tolerance around the benzodioxole portion of the MDA molecule. EIDA was found to produce similar effects to MDA in animals but with less than half the potency, while the isopropylidenedioxy derivative (IPIDA, IDA) did not substitute for MDA and instead had sedative and convulsant effects. This shows limited bulk tolerance at this position and (as with 2C-G-5) makes it likely the activity of EIDA will reside primarily in one enantiomer, although only the racemic mix has been studied as yet. See also * 3,4-Isopropylidenedioxyamphetamine (IDA) * Difluoromethylenedioxyamphetamine (DiFMDA) * F-2 (psychedelic) * 3,4-Ethylenedioxyamphetamine (EIDA) * 3,4-Ethylenedioxymethamphetamine (EDMA) * 3,4-Ethylenedioxymethcathinone 3,4-Ethylenedioxymethcathinone (EDMC), or 3,4-ethyle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoamine Releasing Agent
A monoamine releasing agent (MRA), or simply monoamine releaser, is a drug that induces the release of one or more monoamine neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitters and hence enhanced signaling by those neurotransmitters. The monoamine neurotransmitters include serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine; MRAs can induce the release of one or more of these neurotransmitters. MRAs work by reversing the direction of the monoamine transporters (MATs), including the serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and/or dopamine transporter (DAT), causing them to promote efflux of non-vesicular cytoplasmic monoamine neurotransmitter rather than reuptake of synaptic monoamine neurotransmitter. Many, but not all MRAs, also reverse the direction of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), thereby additionally resulting in efflux of vesicular monoamine neuro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drug Discrimination
Drug discrimination (DD) is a technique in behavioral neuroscience used to evaluate the discriminative stimulus properties or interoceptive cues of psychoactive drugs. In drug discrimination, a subject is trained on a training drug, and then it is tested with novel drugs to see if the novel drugs are experienced as similar to the training drug. In essence, the drug discrimination paradigm has the subject "tell" the experimenter "I think you gave me the training drug" or "I don't think you gave me anything". The discriminative stimulus properties of drugs are believed to reflect their subjective effects. When partial or full stimulus generalization of a test drug to a training drug occurs, the test drug can be assumed to have effects that are subjectively similar to those of the training drug. Drug discrimination tests are usually performed in animals, but have also been conducted in humans. Drug discrimination assays have been employed to assess whether drugs have stimulant- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoamine Releasing Agents
A monoamine releasing agent (MRA), or simply monoamine releaser, is a drug that induces the release of one or more monoamine neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitters and hence enhanced signaling by those neurotransmitters. The monoamine neurotransmitters include serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine; MRAs can induce the release of one or more of these neurotransmitters. MRAs work by reversing the direction of the monoamine transporters (MATs), including the serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and/or dopamine transporter (DAT), causing them to promote efflux of non-vesicular cytoplasmic monoamine neurotransmitter rather than reuptake of synaptic monoamine neurotransmitter. Many, but not all MRAs, also reverse the direction of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), thereby additionally resulting in efflux of vesicular monoamine neuro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entactogens
Entactogens, also known as empathogens or connectogens, are a class of psychoactive drugs that induce the production of experiences of emotional communion, oneness, connectedness, emotional openness—that is, empathy—as particularly observed and reported for experiences with MDMA. This class of drug is distinguished from the classes of hallucinogens or psychedelics and stimulants, although entactogens, for instance MDMA, can also have these properties. Entactogens are used both as recreational drugs and are being investigated for medical use in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, for instance MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Notable members of this class include MDMA, MDA, MDEA, MDOH, MBDB, 5-APB, 5-MAPB, 6-APB, 6-MAPB, methylone, mephedrone, αMT, αET, and MDAI, among others. Most entactogens are phenethylamines and amphetamines, although several, such as αMT and αET, are tryptamines. When referring to MDMA and its counte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MDMA
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy (tablet form), and molly (crystal form), is an empathogen–entactogenic drug with stimulant and minor Psychedelic drug, psychedelic properties. In studies, it has been used alongside psychotherapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social anxiety in Autism, autism spectrum disorder. The purported pharmacological effects that may be Prosocial behavior, prosocial include altered sensations, increased energy, empathy, and pleasure. When taken by mouth, effects begin in 30 to 45 minutes and last three to six hours. MDMA was first synthesized in 1912 by Merck Group, Merck chemist Anton Köllisch. It was used to enhance psychotherapy beginning in the 1970s and became popular as a street drug in the 1980s. MDMA is commonly associated with dance party, dance parties, raves, and electronic dance music. Tablets sold as ecstasy may be Cutting agent, mixed with other substances such as ephedr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entactogen
Entactogens, also known as empathogens or connectogens, are a class of psychoactive drugs that induce the production of experiences of emotional communion, oneness, connectedness, emotional openness—that is, empathy—as particularly observed and reported for experiences with MDMA. This class of drug is distinguished from the classes of hallucinogens or psychedelics and stimulants, although entactogens, for instance MDMA, can also have these properties. Entactogens are used both as recreational drugs and are being investigated for medical use in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, for instance MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Notable members of this class include MDMA, MDA, MDEA, MDOH, MBDB, 5-APB, 5-MAPB, 6-APB, 6-MAPB, methylone, mephedrone, αMT, αET, and MDAI, among others. Most entactogens are phenethylamines and amphetamines, although several, such as αMT and αET, are tryptamines. When referring to MDMA and its cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
In Vitro
''In vitro'' (meaning ''in glass'', or ''in the glass'') Research, studies are performed with Cell (biology), cells or biological molecules outside their normal biological context. Colloquially called "test-tube experiments", these studies in biology and its subdisciplines are traditionally done in labware such as test tubes, flasks, Petri dishes, and microtiter plates. Studies conducted using components of an organism that have been isolated from their usual biological surroundings permit a more detailed or more convenient analysis than can be done with whole organisms; however, results obtained from ''in vitro'' experiments may not fully or accurately predict the effects on a whole organism. In contrast to ''in vitro'' experiments, ''in vivo'' studies are those conducted in living organisms, including humans, known as clinical trials, and whole plants. Definition ''In vitro'' (Latin language, Latin for "in glass"; often not italicized in English usage) studies are conducted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
