2023 Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount Federal By-election
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2023 Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount Federal By-election
A by-election was held in the federal riding of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount in Quebec on June 19, 2023, following the resignation of Liberal MP Marc Garneau. The by-election was held on the same day as three others; Oxford, Portage—Lisgar and Winnipeg South Centre. Background Constituency The electoral district is located on the Island of Montreal and is centred on the namesake neighbourhood of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce and the city of Westmount. South Montreal is considered a heartland for the Liberal Party of Canada, and this riding is no exception. Being a heavily Anglophone riding for Quebec (44% of residents have English as their mother tongue), language issues play a large factor in the district. This part of Montreal has elected Liberals in every election since 1962, except for in 2011 when the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce part of the riding (which was in the riding of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Lachine at the time) voted NDP. Representation Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmo ...
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Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount
Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount is a federal electoral district (Canada), electoral district in Quebec. It encompasses areas formerly included in the electoral districts of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Lachine (40%), Westmount—Ville-Marie (59%) and Outremont (electoral district), Outremont (1%). Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount was created by the Canadian federal electoral redistribution, 2012, 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It came into effect upon the call of the 42nd Canadian federal election, which took place 19 October 2015. Geography The riding includes the towns of Westmount, Quebec, Westmount and Montréal-Ouest, Quebec, Montreal West as well as the neighbourhood of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce in the borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, and a small part of the borough of Ville-Marie, Montreal, Ville-Marie surrounding Îlot-Trafalgar-Gleneagles in Montreal. In the last few elections, the Li ...
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29th Canadian Ministry
The Twenty-Ninth Canadian Ministry was the Cabinet of Canada, Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister of Canada, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, that began governing Canada shortly before the opening of the 42nd Parliament of Canada, 42nd Parliament. The original members were sworn in during a ceremony held at Rideau Hall on November 4, 2015. Those who were not already members of the King's Privy Council for Canada, Privy Council were sworn into it in the same ceremony. At the time of its dissolution, the Cabinet consisted of 35 members including Trudeau, with 17 women and 18 men. When the ministry was first sworn in, with 15 men and 15 women (aside from Trudeau), it became the first gender-balanced cabinet in Canadian history. Trudeau carried out four major cabinet shuffles: one in 2018, one in 2021, one in 2023, and another in 2024. On October 26, 2021, one month after the 2021 Canadian federal election that gave the governing Liberal Party a second minority mandate; the ministry u ...
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2023 Elections In Canada
3 (three) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4, and is the smallest odd prime number and the only prime preceding a square number. It has religious and cultural significance in many societies. Evolution of the Arabic digit The use of three lines to denote the number 3 occurred in many writing systems, including some (like Roman and Chinese numerals) that are still in use. That was also the original representation of 3 in the Brahmic (Indian) numerical notation, its earliest forms aligned vertically. However, during the Gupta Empire the sign was modified by the addition of a curve on each line. The Nāgarī script rotated the lines clockwise, so they appeared horizontally, and ended each line with a short downward stroke on the right. In cursive script, the three strokes were eventually connected to form a glyph resembling a with an additional stroke at the bottom: ३. The Indian digits spread to the Caliphate in the 9th ...
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Elections Canada
Elections Canada () is the non-partisan agency responsible for administering elections in Canada, Canadian federal elections and Referendums in Canada, referendums. History Elections Canada is an agency of the Parliament of Canada, and reports directly to Parliament rather than to the Government of Canada. The agency was created under the government of Jean Chretien by the Canada Elections Act on 31 May 2000. Responsibilities Elections Canada is responsible for: * Making sure that all voters have access to the electoral system * Informing citizens about the electoral system * Maintaining the National Register of Electors and International Register of Electors * Enforcing electoral legislation * Training election officers * Producing maps of electoral districts * Registering political parties, electoral district associations, and third parties that engage in election advertising * Administering the allowances paid to registered political parties * Monitoring election spending by ...
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David Freiheit
David Freiheit (born May 23, 1979), is a Canadian lawyer, former political candidate for the People's Party of Canada and YouTuber under the pseudonym Viva Frei. Biography Freiheit grew up in Montreal, Quebec, as the youngest of five siblings born in a Jewish family. He enjoyed creating videos. He studied Creative Arts at Dawson College and received his Bachelor of Arts at McGill University. He then received his civil law degree from Université Laval where he was the editor-in-chief of the university's law journal. In 2007, Freiheit began practising law, following in the footsteps of his father and older siblings. He worked professionally for the prominent commercial litigation firm Borden Ladner Gervais for six years, but left to be a freelance litigator after his first child to have a more favourable work-life balance, starting a firm called Freiheit Legal. For the first few years of his YouTube career, Freiheit was a practising commercial litigator, and he struggled t ...
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Longueuil—Charles-LeMoyne
Longueuil—Charles-LeMoyne () is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015. It encompasses a portion of Quebec formerly included in the electoral districts of Saint-Bruno—Saint-Hubert and Saint-Lambert. Longueuil—Charles-LeMoyne was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It came into effect upon the call of the 42nd Canadian federal election, scheduled for 19 October 2015. The riding was originally intended to be named LeMoyne. Profile Despite breaking for the NDP in 2011, Longueuil—Charles-Lemoyne has become more of a competition between the Liberals and the Bloc Québécois, with the Liberals performing better in more Anglophone areas, such as Greenfield Park. Demographics :''According to the 2016 Canadian census'' * Twenty most common mother tongue languages (2016) : 73.8% French, 8.9% English, 3.7% Spa ...
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People's Party Of Canada
The People's Party of Canada (PPC; ) is a federal political party in Canada. The party was formed by Maxime Bernier in September 2018, shortly after his resignation from the Conservative Party of Canada. It is placed from the right to the far-right on the political spectrum. Bernier, a former candidate for the 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election and cabinet minister, was the party's only Member of Parliament (MP) from its founding in 2018 to his defeat in the 2019 Canadian federal election. In that election, the PPC formed electoral district associations in 326 ridings, and ran candidates in 315 ridings, of Canada's total 338 ridings; however, no candidate was elected under its banner and Bernier lost his bid for personal re-election in Beauce. The party ran 312 candidates in the 2021 Canadian federal election; the party increased its share of the popular vote to nearly 5%, but again elected no MPs. In the 2025 Canadian federal election, it achieved its ...
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Green Party Of Canada
The Green Party of Canada () is a federal political party in Canada, founded in 1983 with a focus on green politics. The Green Party is currently the fifth largest party in the House of Commons by seat count. It elected its first member of Parliament (MP), leader Elizabeth May, in the 2011 election, winning in the Saanich—Gulf Islands. In the 2019 election, the party expanded its caucus to three. In the 2021 election, the party fell to two seats. In the 2025 election, the party fell to one seat. Elizabeth May served as the party leader from 2006 to 2019, and again since November 19, 2022. On February 4, 2025, the party ratified a motion to adopt a co-leadership model, with May and Jonathan Pedneault serving together as the first co-leaders of the party. The Green Party is founded on six principles: ecological wisdom, non-violence, social justice, sustainability, participatory democracy, and respect for diversity. History About two months before the 1980 federal ...
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La Pointe-de-l'Île
La Pointe-de-l'Île () is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. Its population in 2001 was 98,878. The riding was created in 2003 from parts of Anjou—Rivière-des-Prairies, Hochelaga—Maisonneuve, and Mercier ridings. Geography The district includes the City of Montréal-Est, the neighbourhood of Pointe-aux-Trembles in the Borough of Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles, and the eastern part of the neighbourhood of Longue-Pointe and the southern part of the neighbourhood of Mercier-Est in the Borough of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve. The neighbouring ridings are Hochelaga, Honoré-Mercier, Montcalm, Repentigny, Verchères—Les Patriotes, and Longueuil—Pierre-Boucher. Demographics :''According to the 2016 Canadian census'' * Languages: (2016) 83.0% French, 3.5% Spanish, 2.6% English, 2.0% Creole, 1.9% Arabic, 1.3% Italian, 0.6% Portuguese, 0.6% Romanian, 0.5% Vietn ...
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2021 Canadian Federal Election
The 2021 Canadian federal election was held on September 20, 2021, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada, House of Commons to the 44th Canadian Parliament. The Writ of election, writs of election were issued by Governor General of Canada, Governor General Mary Simon on August 15, 2021, when Prime Minister of Canada, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau requested the Dissolution of parliament in Canada, dissolution of parliament for a snap election. Trudeau won a third term as prime minister, his second minority government. Though the Liberal Party of Canada, Liberals were hoping to win a majority government in order to govern alone, the results were mostly unchanged from the 2019 Canadian federal election. The Liberals won the most seats at 160; as this fell short of the 170 seats needed for a majority in the House of Commons, they formed a minority government with support from other parties. The 2021 election set a new record for the lowest vote share for a party that wo ...
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Air Canada
Air Canada is the flag carrier and the largest airline of Canada, by size and passengers carried. Air Canada is headquartered in the borough of Saint-Laurent in the city of Montreal. The airline, founded in 1937, provides scheduled and charter air transport for passengers and cargo to 222 destinations worldwide. It operates major hubs at Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto–Pearson and Vancouver. Air Canada is a founding member of the Star Alliance. Canada's national airline originated from the Canadian federal government's 1936 creation of Trans-Canada Air Lines ( TCA), which began operating its first transcontinental flight routes in 1938. In 1965, TCA was renamed Air Canada following government approval. After the deregulation of the Canadian airline market in the 1980s, the airline was privatized in 1988. On 4 January 2000, Air Canada took over its largest rival, Canadian Airlines. In 2003, the airline filed for bankruptcy protection and in the following year emerged ...
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Bob Gainey
Robert Michael Gainey (born December 13, 1953) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played for the Montreal Canadiens from 1973 until 1989. After retiring from active play, he became a hockey coach and later an executive with the Minnesota North Stars/ Dallas Stars organization before returning to Montreal as general manager from 2003 to 2010. Currently, Gainey serves as a team consultant for the St. Louis Blues as well as a volunteer senior advisor for the Peterborough Petes of the Ontario Hockey League. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1992. In 2017 Gainey was named one of the ' 100 Greatest NHL Players' in history. Early years Bob Gainey began his hockey career in 1972 with his hometown team, the Peterborough Petes of the Ontario Hockey League. His lack of scoring was made up for by his impressive ability to shut down opposing players. This impressed many scouts in the NHL and in 1973, he was drafted eighth overall by the Montreal Canadi ...
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