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2021–2022 Iraqi Political Crisis
Between the parliamentary election in October 2021 and October 2022, there was a political crisis in Iraq, with members of the Council of Representatives of Iraq being unable to form a stable coalition government, or elect a new President. Basic government services such as the civil service and military continued functioning, but the national political system was in deadlock including in respect of almost all major spending and taxation issues. On 27 October 2022, the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani was approved by the Council of Representatives. Events 2021 Violent clashes in Baghdad following the election and the attempted assassination of Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi began the crisis. On 18 November Muqtada al-Sadr said he would like to form a majority government. 2022 On 9 January, the newly elected parliament met for the first time in the Green Zone to elect the parliament speaker and two deputies. This first parliamentary session resulted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraq Conflict
The Iraqi conflict is a series of violent events that began with the 2003 American-led 2003 invasion of Iraq, invasion of Iraq and deposition of Iraqi president Saddam Hussein, followed by a series of conflicts including the protracted Iraq War (2003–2011), the Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013), Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013), the War in Iraq (2013–2017), War in Iraq (2013–2017), and most recently, the Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present), small-scale Islamic State insurgency in 4 provinces located in Northern Iraq since 2017. In the ensuing 2003–2011 Iraq War, the Multi-National Force – Iraq, Multi-National Force (MNF–I) led by the United States helped to establish a Al Maliki I Government, Shia-dominated federal government, which was soon opposed by an Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011), Iraqi insurgency. Insurgent groups mostly fought the new government and MNF-I, but also each other, mostly along Sectarian violence in Iraq, sectarian lines between Shia Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmoud Al-Mashhadani
Mahmoud Dawud al-Mashhadani (; born 1948) is an Iraqi politician and the current Speaker of the Iraqi Council of Representatives since 31 October 2024. He was elected to the Council of Representatives as part of the Sunni Arab-led Iraqi Accord Front list in 2005. Personal life Born in 1948 in a Shi'ite district of Baghdad, he went to school in al-Khadhimiyah and graduated from Baghdad Medical College in 1972. He joined the medical corps of the Iraqi Army in 1975 as a Lieutenant and rose to the rank of Army Major. He was imprisoned for opposing the Gulf War in 1990 and sentenced to death, which was commuted to 15 years after payment of bribes. He was a founding member of the Iraqi National Dialogue Council. Political work He was nominated to the speakership by the IAF after the main coalition in the Council of Representatives, the United Iraqi Alliance, objected to the nomination of Tariq Al-Hashimi. He was nominated as part of a deal on government posts between the IAF ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agence France-Presse
Agence France-Presse (; AFP) is a French international news agency headquartered in Paris, France. Founded in 1835 as Havas, it is the world's oldest news agency. With 2,400 employees of 100 nationalities, AFP has an editorial presence in 260 cities across 150 countries. Its main regional headquarters are based in Nicosia, Montevideo, Hong Kong and Washington, D.C. AFP publishes stories, videos, photos and graphics in French, English, Arabic, Portuguese, Spanish, and German. Two-thirds of its turnover comes from its own commercial activities, with the remaining one-third being provided by the French government (amounting to 113.3 million euros in 2022) as compensation for carrying out its mission of general interest. In December 2024, AFP was ranked as the 27th most visited news site in the world, with over 105 million monthly readers. History Agence France-Presse has its origins in the Agence Havas, founded in 1835 in Paris by Charles-Louis Havas, making it the world's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoshyar Zebari
Hoshyar Mahmud Mohammed Zebari, or simply Hoshyar Zebari (also spelled ''Hoshyar Zibari'', Kurdish: ''Hişyar Zêbarî''; born 23 September 1953) is an Iraqi - Kurdish politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of the country in 2014 and as Minister of Finance until 2016. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2003 to 2014. Biography Zebari was born to a Kurdish Iraqi family in Aqrah, a city in Duhok Governorate, and grew up in Mosul. He earned a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology from the University of Jordan in 1976. He also obtained a Master of Arts in Sociology of Development from the University of Essex in the United Kingdom in 1980. While studying in Britain, he led the Kurdish Students Society in Europe and served as the chairman of the Overseas Student Committee from 1978 to 1980. Zebari joined the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) in 1979. In the 1980s, he fought as a member of the Peshmerga in the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict against the government of Saddam Hussein. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriotic Union Of Kurdistan
The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK; ) is a political party active in Kurdistan Region and the Disputed territories of Northern Iraq, disputed territories in Iraq. The PUK describes its goals as self-determination, human rights, democracy and peace for the Kurds, Kurdish people of Kurdistan and Iraq. The PUK is currently under the leadership of Bafel Talabani. The PUK was founded in 1975 by Adel Murad, Jalal Talabani, Nawshirwan Mustafa, Fuad Masum, Ali Askari and Abdul Razaq Feyli Dawood Mohammed Ali. All presidents of Iraq under the 2005 constitution have been from this party. History Discontent within the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) The PUK traces its political heritage to Sulaymaniyah native Ibrahim Ahmad. After the collapse of the Soviet-backed Kurdish Mahabad Republic in Iran in early 1947, Ibrahim Ahmad, previously the Sulaymaniyah representative of the Iranian KDP (KDP-I), joined the newly formed Iraqi Kurdistan Democratic Party, KDP. Ahmad was a highly influent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barham Salih
Barham Salih (; ; born 8 September 1960) is an Iraqi Kurdish politician who served as the eighth president of Iraq from 2018 to 2022. He is the former prime minister of the Kurdistan Region and a former deputy prime minister of the Iraqi federal government. He was elected and assumed office as president of Iraq on 2 October 2018. Salih is the third non-Arab president of Iraq, succeeding Fuad Masum, who is also Kurdish. In October 2022 he lost his re-election to Abdul Latif Rashid. Early life and education Salih was born in 1960 in Sulaymaniyah. He was arrested in 1979 by the Ba'athist regime twice on charges of involvement in the Kurdish national movement by taking some photos of protesters in Sulaimaniyah city and spent 43 days in detention in a Special Investigation Commission prison in Kirkuk where he was tortured. Once released, he finished high school and left Iraq for the United Kingdom to flee continued persecution. Personal life Salih is married to Sarbagh Salih, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Iraq
The Constitution of the Republic of Iraq ( Kurdish: دەستووری عێراق) is the fundamental law of Iraq. The first constitution came into force in 1925. The current constitution was adopted on September 18, 2005 by the Transitional National Assembly of Iraq, and confirmed by constitutional referendum, held on October 15, 2005. It was published on December 28, 2005 in the '' Official Gazette of Iraq'' (No. 4012), in Arabic original, and thus came into force. An official translation into English for international use was produced in cooperation between Iraqi state authorities and the United Nations' Office for Constitutional Support. Since 2006, several proposals for adoption of various constitutional amendments were initiated. The Kurdish language is official at state level. History Iraq's first constitution, which established a constitutional monarchy, entered into force under the auspices of a British military occupation in 1925 and remained in effect until the 1958 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of Iraq
The Federal Supreme Court of Iraq (FSC) is the highest court of Iraq within the remit of constitutional law, having exclusive jurisdiction to interpret the Constitution of Iraq. In addition to determining the constitutionality of laws and regulations, FSC settles matters related to the application of federal laws, as well as disputes between the federal government and the federal regions and governorates, municipalities, and local administrations. It also settles accusations directed against the President, the Prime Minister and the Ministers, and ratifies the final results of the general elections for the Council of Representatives. Since 2024, the court has expanded its authorities to include the power to amend regional legislation, such as those passed by the Kurdistan Region Parliament. The Supreme Court is composed of a president, a deputy, and seven primary members. Federal law stipulates that proportional representation of the main components of Iraqi society must be gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progress Party (Iraq)
The Progress Party (), also known as the Al-Takadum Movement or by its Arabic short form Takadum (''Progress''), is an Iraqi political party formed to gain political control in the 2021 general election. History The party was founded in 2019 by Mohamed Al Halbousi, the incumbent Speaker of the Council of Representatives of Iraq, Ali Farhan,the governor of Anbar, and the politician Yahia Al Mohamadi. Electoral results In the 2021 Iraqi parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 10 October 2021. The elections determined the 329 members of the Council of Representatives of Iraq, Council of Representatives who in turn elected the Iraqi President of Iraq, president and confirme ..., the party won 7.2% of the vote, becoming the second-largest individual party behind the Sadrists. References 2019 establishments in Iraq Liberal parties in Iraq Nationalist parties in Iraq Political parties established in 2019 Political parties in Iraq Secu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadrist Movement
The Sadrist Movement ( ') is an Iraqi Shi'a Islamic national movement and political party, led by Muqtada al-Sadr. The Sadrist Movement ended as largest political party in the October 2021 Iraqi parliamentary election, with 73 seats in Parliament, but in June 2022, during the 2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis, Muqtada al-Sadr’s bloc resigned from parliament. 2009 governorate elections During the 2009 Iraqi governorate elections Sadrists ran under the name Independent Free Movement. Results The list received 9.8% of the vote and 43 out of 440 seats, coming third overall to the State of Law Coalition and the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq. 2010 parliamentary election During the 2010 Iraqi parliamentary election Sadrists were part of the National Iraqi Alliance. In a press conference on 6 March 2010 ahead of the 2010 Iraqi parliamentary election, Muqtada al-Sadr called on all Iraqis to participate in the election and support those who seek the withdrawal of U.S. troops ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hakim Al-Zamili
Hakim Abbas Mousa Abbas al-Zamili is an Iraqi politician from the Sadrist Movement who was Deputy Health Minister from May 2006 until April 2007. Since January 2022, he is the First Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives (Parliament). Health Ministry al-Zamili was deputy minister during the height of the sectarian conflict in Iraq. Whilst he was at the ministry, he was accused of running death squads that used ambulances and hospitals to kidnap and murder Sunni Arabs. U.S. troops arrested al-Zamili in February 2007, accusing him of funneling money to private militias. He was also accused of kidnapping in November 2006 another Deputy Health Minister, Ammar al-Saffar, from the Shiite Dawa Party, who had allegedly compiled a dossier of his crimes that he was going to hand over to the Prime Minister. He was cleared of all charges when key witnesses failed to show up after facing alleged intimidation. Member of parliament He was listed fifteenth on the list of the Iraqi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdistan Democratic Party
The Kurdistan Democratic Party (), usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is the ruling Political party, party in Iraqi Kurdistan and the senior partner in the Kurdistan Regional Government. It was founded in 1946 in Mahabad in Iranian Kurdistan. The party states that it combines "democratic values and social justice to form a system whereby everyone in Kurdistan can live on an equal basis with great emphasis given to rights of individuals and freedom of expression." The KDP is dominated by the Barzani Kurds, Barzani tribe and the party's stated ideologies are Rule of law, lawfulness, secularism, and Kurdish nationalism. It wants to build a "Social market economy, social-oriented" economy, and lists civil solidarity and social justice as the basis of its ideology. History Foundation In 1946, the leader of the Soviet-backed Republic of Mahabad, Qazi Muhammad, announced the formation of a "Kurdish Democratic Party" based in Iran, or Eastern Kurdistan. The Soviet Union, then sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
