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2019–2020 Catalan Protests
The sentencing of nine Catalan independence leaders in Trial of Catalonia independence leaders, a 2019 trial by the Supreme Court of Spain triggered protests in Catalonia. They were convicted of sedition and other crimes against the Spanish state for their role in the organization of the 2017 Catalan independence referendum. Background The Spanish autonomous community of Catalonia has a long established Catalan independence movement, independence movement, which seeks to establish Catalonia as an independent and sovereign republic, thus breaking off from the Kingdom of Spain. A non-binding 2014 Catalan self-determination referendum resulted in a victory for proponents of Catalan independence (although with a turnout of 37%), which emboldened Catalan authorities to conduct the 2017 Catalan independence referendum, which they deemed would be binding and result in the independence of Catalonia. The Spanish Government, then led by Mariano Rajoy, however, considered this an act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalan Independence Movement
The Catalan independence movement (; ; ) is a Social movement, social and political movement with roots in Catalan nationalism that seeks the independence of Catalonia from Spain. While proposals, organizations and individuals advocating for Catalan independence or the restitution of statehood for the Principality of Catalonia existed through the 18th and 19th centuries, the beginnings of the independence movement in Catalonia can be traced back to Regionalism (politics), regionalism and Catalan nationalism, nationalism from the mid–19th century, influenced by romanticism, romantic ideas widespread in Europe at the time. The first relevant organised Catalan independence party was Estat Català ("Catalan State"), founded in 1922 by Francesc Macià . In 1931, Estat Català and other parties formed Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya ("Republican Left of Catalonia", ERC). Macià proclaimed a Catalan Republic (1931), Catalan Republic within an Iberian Federation in 1931, subsequently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Spain
The government of Spain () is the central government which leads the executive branch and the General State Administration of the Kingdom of Spain. The Government consists of the Prime Minister and the Ministers; the prime minister has the overall direction of the Ministers and can appoint or terminate their appointments freely. The ministers also belong to the supreme decision-making body, known as the Council of Ministers. The Government is responsible before the Parliament (), and more precisely before the Congress of the Deputies, a body which elects the Prime Minister or dismisses them through a motion of censure. This is because Spain is a parliamentary system established by the Constitution of 1978. Its fundamental regulation is placed in Title IV of the Constitution, as well as in Title V of that document, with respect to its relationship with the , and in Law 50/1997, of 27 November, of the Government. According to Article 97 of the Constitution and Article 1.1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Lesmes
Carlos Lesmes Serrano (born 10 June 1958) is a Spanish magistrate and prosecutor who served as president of the Supreme Court and president of the General Council of the Judiciary (CGPJ) from 2013 to 2022. Since December 2018, he served in acting capacity in both posts, as his mandate expired at the time and the renovation of the CGPJ was blocked from then on. He is seen as a Conservative jurist with a religious background. Judicial career Lesmes was born in Madrid, Spain in 1958. After graduating in Law, Lesmes entered by open tendering in the judicial and prosecution careers in 1984, and he chose to start his career as a prosecutor until 1993 when he entered the judicial career. As a prosecutor, he was assigned to the Provincial Courts of Alicante (1984–1985) and Madrid (1985–1992) and to the Constitutional Court (1992–1993). In 1993 he returned to the Judicial Career, after overcoming the open tendering to specialist magistrate of the jurisdictional contentious-admi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carmen Calvo Poyato
MarÃa del Carmen Calvo Poyato (born 9 June 1957) is a Spanish politician and author who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Spain and Minister of the Presidency from 2018 to 2021. Born and raised in Cabra, Spain, she attended the University of Seville and the University of Córdoba; she holds a doctorate in constitutional law from the latter institution. She was Regional Minister of Culture of Andalusia between 1996 and 2004. She also served between 2004 and 2007 as Minister of Culture in the government of José Luis RodrÃguez Zapatero. From June 2017 to October 2021, she served as Secretary of Equality of the Socialist Party. She has published several books about feminism and gender equality. Early life and education Calvo's primary studies were carried out at a Catholic school and her high school studies at the Aguilar and Eslava High School in the province of Córdoba. She studied law at the University of Seville and got her doctorate in constitutional law in the Unive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro Sánchez
Pedro Sánchez Pérez-Castejón (; born 29 February 1972) is a Spanish politician who has served as Prime Minister of Spain since 2018. He has also been Secretary-General of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) since July 2017, having previously held that office from 2014 to 2016, and has also been serving as the ninth Socialist International#Presidents, president of the Socialist International in 2022. Sánchez began his political career in August 2004 as a city councillor in Madrid, before being elected to the Congress of Deputies in 2009. In 2014, he was elected Secretary-General of the PSOE, becoming Leader of the Opposition (Spain), Leader of the Opposition. He led the party through the inconclusive 2015 Spanish general election, 2015 and 2016 Spanish general election, 2016 general elections, but resigned as Secretary-General shortly after the latter, following 2016 PSOE crisis, public disagreements with the party's executive. He was re-elected in a 2017 Spanish Soc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Tsunami
Democratic Tsunami (, ) is a Catalan protest group advocating a self-determination referendum in Catalonia, formed and organized in the lead up to the final judgement on the Trial of the Catalonia independence leaders. It organizes supporters of the Catalan independence movement through the use of social media, apps and other online resources. It used a 'bespoke' Android app, along with a Telegram account with over 410,000 followers in order to mobilize and organize demonstrations during the 2019 Catalan protests. Distributed outside of the official market for Android apps, the application (making use of overseas servers) circumvents the European legislation for data protection in regards of geolocalization. Goals As stated in press notes and interviews, their objectives are the freedom of prisoners, exiles and reprisals; defense of fundamental rights and the self-determination of Catalonia. In a statement following the judgment of the trial of the Catalonia independence lead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ã’mnium Cultural
Òmnium Cultural () is a Spanish association based in Barcelona, Catalonia. It was originally created in the 1960s to promote the Catalan language and spread Catalan culture. Over the years it has increased its involvement in broader political issues; in 2012 it committed itself to Catalan independence, specifically demanding the right of self-determination for Catalonia. Jordi Cuixart, then president of Òmnium, was jailed for his involvement in protests preceding the 2017 Catalan independence referendum, 2017, Catalan independence referendum. Currently Òmnium claims more than 190,000 members organised in 52 regional offices besides the headquarters in Barcelona. History Òmnium Cultural was created on 11 July 1961 in the context of Francoist Spain when the institutional use of Catalan was forbidden. In 1963 the Francoist authorities closed down the association. Òmnium had to continue to exist as a clandestine association between 1963–1967. In 1967, after a long legal cas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assemblea Nacional Catalana
The Assemblea Nacional Catalana (in English: Catalan National Assembly, ANC by its Catalan acronym) is an organization that seeks the political independence of Catalonia from Spain. It also promotes the independence of other Catalan-speaking regions, which are collectively known as the Catalan Countries (''Països Catalans''). Its current president is Jordi Sà nchez i Picanyol. Sà nchez was imprisoned on 16 October 2017 for his role in pro-independence protests during the days before the Catalan referendum. In January 2015, it claimed more than 80,000 members, of whom 40,132 were full-paying members (fee paying) and 39,946 were signed up as volunteer collaborators. The ANC has 10 regional subdivisions which are represented on the national board as well as professional groups for various private sectors, and 37 foreign branches around the world. History The origin of the organization was the National Conference for the Catalan State (Conferència Nacional per l'Estat Propi), h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Committees For The Defense Of The Republic
The Committees for the Defence of the Republic (), or CDR, previously named Committees for the Defense of the Referendum, are a network of committees that function on a local, regional and national level in Catalonia. Its initial purpose was to facilitate the Catalan independence referendum. After the referendum, they adopted the new objective to fight for the Catalan Republic, and publicly called for violent protests and civil disobedience. The Committees for the Defense of the Republic have also made acts of sabotage, blocking railway lines and the Barcelona–El Prat Josep Tarradellas Airport. The CDR was created in September 2017 as voluntary groups founded by a diverse collective of popular associations. Their initial goal was to collaborate with the implementation of the Catalan independence referendum (1-O) which had been suspended by the Spanish Constitutional Court. After the referendum, the Committees promoted demonstrations against the Spanish police and organized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Guard (Spain)
The Civil Guard (; ) is one of the two national law enforcement agencies of Spain. As a national gendarmerie, it is military in nature and is responsible for civil police, policing under the authority of both the Ministry of the Interior (Spain), Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defence (Spain), Ministry of Defence. The role of the Ministry of Defence is limited except in times of war when the Ministry has exclusive authority. The corps is colloquially known as the ' (the meritorious or the reputables). In annual surveys, it generally ranks as the national institution most valued by Spaniards, closely followed by other law enforcement agencies and the Spanish Armed Forces, armed forces. It has both a regular national role and undertakes specific foreign peacekeeping missions and is part of the European Gendarmerie Force. As a national gendarmerie force, the Civil Guard was modelled on the French National Gendarmerie and has many similarities. As part of its daily d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emblem Of The Spanish Civil Guard
An emblem is an abstract or representational pictorial image that represents a concept, like a moral truth, or an allegory, or a person, like a monarch or saint. Emblems vs. symbols Although the words ''emblem'' and ''symbol'' are often used interchangeably, an emblem is a pattern that is used to represent an idea or an individual. An emblem develops in concrete, visual terms some abstraction: a deity, a tribe or nation, or a virtue or vice. An emblem may be worn or otherwise used as an identifying badge or patch. For example, in America, police officers' badges refer to their personal metal emblem whereas their woven emblems on uniforms identify members of a particular unit. A real or metal cockle shell, the emblem of James the Great, sewn onto the hat or clothes, identified a medieval pilgrim to his shrine at Santiago de Compostela. In the Middle Ages, many saints were given emblems, which served to identify them in paintings and other images: St. Catherine of Alexandr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
