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2,6-Dimethoxyamphetamine
2,6-Dimethoxyamphetamine (2,6-DMA), also known as DMA-5, is a drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine families. It is one of the positional isomers of dimethoxyamphetamine. The drug showed very low affinity for serotonin receptors in rat stomach fundus strips (A2 = 8,130nM). In a subsequent study, it showed no affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C receptors (Ki = >10,000nM). 2,6-DMA only partially substituted for DOM in rodent drug discrimination tests, with a maximum responding of 41% and behavioral disruption at higher doses. It did not substitute for dextroamphetamine in these tests. The drug has not been tested in humans and its effects in humans are unknown. 2,6-DMA was first described in the scientific literature by Alexander Shulgin by 1969. At that time, he had not yet synthesized it and did not report its effects. 2,6-DMA is a positional isomer of 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (2,5-DMA) and hence is a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States. See als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2,6-Dimethoxyphenethylamine
2,6-Dimethoxyphenethylamine (2,6-DMPEA), also known as DMPEA-5, is a drug of the phenethylamine family related to the psychedelic drug mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine). It is one of the positional isomers of dimethoxyphenethylamine. Its ''in-vitro'' metabolism and effects on cat behavior have been described. The drug showed no activity as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor or releasing agent ''in vitro''. It is relatively unaffected by monoamine oxidase (MAO) and is said to be behaviorally inactive in animals. The effects of 2,6-DMPEA in humans have not been reported and are unknown. 2,6-DMPEA was first described in the scientific literature by at least 1962. It was included as an entry in Alexander Shulgin's 2011 book '' The Shulgin Index, Volume One: Psychedelic Phenethylamines and Related Compounds''. Notable derivatives of 2,6-DMPEA include the psychedelic and related drugs Ψ-2C-T-4 (psi-2C-T-4), ψ-DOM (psi-DOM), and CT-5172. See also * Substituted methoxyphene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serotonin Receptor Modulator
5-HT receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, or serotonin receptors, are a group of G protein-coupled receptor and ligand-gated ion channels found in multiple tissues including the central and peripheral nervous systems. They mediate both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. The serotonin (i.e., 5-hydroxytryptamine, hence "5-HT") receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin, which acts as their natural ligand. The serotonin receptors modulate the release of many neurotransmitters, including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, epinephrine / norepinephrine, and acetylcholine, as well as many hormones, including oxytocin, prolactin, vasopressin, cortisol, corticotropin, and substance P, among others. Serotonin receptors influence various biological and neurological processes such as aggression, anxiety, appetite, cognition, learning, memory, mood, nausea, sleep, and thermoregulation. They are the target of a variety of pharmaceutical and recreational drugs, includin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine (international nonproprietary name, INN: dexamfetamine) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and enantiomer of amphetamine that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is also used illicitly to enhance Nootropic, cognitive and athletic Performance-enhancing substance, performance, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. Dextroamphetamine is generally regarded as the prototype drug, prototypical stimulant. The amphetamine molecule exists as two enantiomers, levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Dextroamphetamine is the Levorotation and dextrorotation, dextrorotatory, or 'right-handed', enantiomer and exhibits more pronounced effects on the central nervous system than levoamphetamine. Pharmaceutical dextroamphetamine sulfate is available as both a brand name and generic drug in a variety of dosage forms. Dextroamphetamine is sometimes prescribed as the inactive prodrug lisdexamfet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methoxyphenethylamines
Methoxyphenethylamine, or monomethoxyphenethylamine, may refer to: * 2-Methoxyphenethylamine (2-MPEA) * 3-Methoxyphenethylamine (3-MPEA) * 4-Methoxyphenethylamine (4-MPEA) See also * Substituted methoxyphenethylamine * Dimethoxyphenethylamine * Trimethoxyphenethylamine * Methoxyamphetamine * Dimethoxyamphetamine * Trimethoxyamphetamine {{Chemistry index Methoxyphenethylamines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimethoxyamphetamine
Dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA) is a series of six lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to the three isomers of methoxyamphetamine and six isomers of trimethoxyamphetamine. The isomers are 2,3-DMA, 2,4-DMA, 2,5-DMA, 2,6-DMA, 3,4-DMA, and 3,5-DMA. Three of the isomers were characterized by Alexander Shulgin in his book ''PiHKAL''. Little is known about their dangers or toxicity. Pharmacology 3,4-DMA, 2,4-DMA, 2,5-DMA, and their ''N''-methyl analogues all fail to produce stimulus generalization to dextroamphetamine in rodent drug discrimination tests, suggesting that they lack psychostimulant- or amphetamine-like effects, at least in rodents. This is in contrast to 2-methoxyamphetamine (OMA), 3-methoxyamphetamine (MMA), and 4-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), which all produce substitution for dextroampehtamine, albeit with far lower potency than amphetamine, methamphetamine, and other stimulants. Positional isomers 2,4-DMA * ''Dosage'': 60 mg or greater * ''Du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Methoxyphenethylamine
Methoxyphenethylamines (MPEAs), as well as methoxyamphetamines (MAs) in the case of the amphetamine (α-methylphenethylamine) homologues, are substituted phenethylamines with one or more methoxy groups. In some cases, one or more of the methoxy groups may also be extended to form other alkoxy and related groups such as ethoxy or propoxy. Methoxyphenethylamines may have additional substitutions as well. Many methoxyphenethylamines that have multiple methoxy groups in the 2- through 5-positions of the phenyl ring, for instance mescaline, 2C-B, TMA, DOM, and 25I-NBOMe, are serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists and serotonergic psychedelics. Other methoxyphenethylamines, particularly monomethoxyamphetamines like ''para''-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), are monoamine releasing agents of serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine, with stimulant and/or entactogen-related effects. Compounds closely related to methoxyphenethylamines include methylenedioxyphenethylamines (MDxx) like M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The United States asserts sovereignty over five Territories of the United States, major island territories and United States Minor Outlying Islands, various uninhabited islands in Oceania and the Caribbean. It is a megadiverse country, with the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest land area and List of countries and dependencies by population, third-largest population, exceeding 340 million. Its three Metropolitan statistical areas by population, largest metropolitan areas are New York metropolitan area, New York, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Controlled Substance
A controlled substance is generally a drug or chemical whose manufacture, possession and use is regulated by a government, such as illicitly used drugs or prescription medications that are designated by law. Some treaties, notably the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, and the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, provide internationally agreed-upon "schedules" of controlled substances, which have been incorporated into national laws; however, national laws usually significantly expand on these international conventions. Some precursor chemicals used for the production of illegal drugs are also controlled substances in many countries, even though they may lack the pharmacological effects of the drugs themselves. Substances are classified according to schedules and consist primarily of potentially psychoactive substances and anabolic steroids. The controlled substanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Controlled Substances Act
The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is the statute establishing federal government of the United States, federal drug policy of the United States, U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use, and distribution of certain substances is regulated. It was passed by the 91st United States Congress as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 and signed into law by President Richard Nixon. The Act also served as the national implementing legislation for the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. The legislation created five schedules (classifications), with varying qualifications for a substance to be included in each. Two federal agencies, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), determine which substances are added to or removed from the various schedules, although the statute passed by Congress created the initial listing. Congress has sometimes scheduled other substances t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine
2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (2,5-DMA), also known as DMA-4 or as DOH, is a drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine families. It is one of the dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA) series of positional isomers. The drug is notable in being the parent compound of the DOx (4-substituted-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine) series of drugs. Use and effects 2,5-DMA is said to be inactive as a psychedelic, at least at the doses that have been assessed. However, it has been reported to produce some stimulant-like effects, as well as sympathomimetic effects and mydriasis. The dose range is said to be 80 to 160mg orally and its duration is 6 to 8hours. Pharmacology 2,5-DMA is a low-potency serotonin 5-HT2A receptor partial agonist, with an affinity (Ki) of 2,502nM, an of 160 to 3,548nM (depending on the signaling cascade and study), and an of 66 to 109%. It has also been assessed at several other receptors. In a much earlier study, its affinities (Ki) were 1,020nM at the serotonin 5-HT1 receptor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Synthesis
Chemical synthesis (chemical combination) is the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products. This occurs by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions. In modern laboratory uses, the process is reproducible and reliable. A chemical synthesis involves one or more compounds (known as '' reagents'' or ''reactants'') that will experience a transformation under certain conditions. Various reaction types can be applied to formulate a desired product. This requires mixing the compounds in a reaction vessel, such as a chemical reactor or a simple round-bottom flask. Many reactions require some form of processing (" work-up") or purification procedure to isolate the final product. The amount produced by chemical synthesis is known as the '' reaction yield''. Typically, yields are expressed as a mass in grams (in a laboratory setting) or as a percentage of the total theoretical quantity that could be produced based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Shulgin
Alexander Theodore "Sasha" Shulgin (June 17, 1925 – June 2, 2014) was an American biochemist, broad researcher of synthetic psychoactive compounds, and author of works regarding these, who independently explored the organic chemistry and pharmacology of such agents—in his mid-life and later, many through preparation in his home laboratory, and testing on himself. He is acknowledged to have introduced to broader use, in the late 1970s, the previously-synthesized compound MDMA ("ecstasy"), in research psychopharmacology and in combination with conventional therapy, the latter through presentations and academic publications, including to psychologists; and for the rediscovery, occasional discovery, and regular synthesis and personal use and distribution, of possibly hundreds of Psychoactive drug, psychoactive compounds (for their Psychedelic drug, psychedelic and MDMA-like empathogenic bioactivity, bioactivities). As such, Shulgin is seen both as a pioneering and a controversi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
