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1997–98 Lithuanian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Lithuania in December 1997 and January 1998.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1201 Artūras Paulauskas finished first in the first round on 21 December 1997 with a significant margin, with Valdas Adamkus finishing second, but neither received a majority of the vote. Adamkus defeated Paulauskas in the runoff, held on 4 January 1998. With a vote difference of 0.74%, it is the closest result in the history of presidential elections in Lithuania since 1993. Background Presidential powers The Lithuanian president has somewhat more executive authority than their counterparts in neighboring Estonia and Latvia; the Lithuanian president's function is similar to that of the presidents of France and Romania. Similarly to them, but unlike presidents in a fully presidential system such as the United States, the Lithuanian president generally has the most authority in foreign affairs. In addition to the custom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valdas Adamkus
Valdas Adamkus (; born Voldemaras Adamkavičius; November 3, 1926) is a Lithuanian politician, diplomat and civil engineer who served as the fifth and seventh president of Lithuania from 1998 to 2003 and again from 2004 to 2009. Adamkus' first tenure as president lasted for five years, from February 26, 1998 to February 28, 2003, following his defeat by Rolandas Paksas in the 2003 presidential election. Paksas was later impeached and removed from office by a parliamentary vote on April 6, 2004. Soon afterwards, when a new election was announced, Adamkus again ran for president and was re-elected. His approval ratings increased during this period and become a highly regarded moral authority in the state. He was succeeded as president on 12 July 2009 by Dalia Grybauskaitė. He is considered by some as being one of the best Lithuanian leaders in modern history. He was married to Alma Adamkienė, who was involved in charitable activities in Lithuania. Following the end o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Lithuania
The prime minister of Lithuania (, , colloquially also referred to as the premier ) is the head of government of Lithuania. The prime minister is appointed by the President of Lithuania, president with the assent of the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of prime minister was established in 1990, when Lithuania declared its independence, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25 November 1992. Historically, the title of prime minister was also used between 1918 and 1940. This was during the original Republic of Lithuania, which lasted from the collapse of the Russian Empire until the country's annexation by the Soviet Union. List Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940) Following the 1940 Soviet ultimatum to Lithuania, ultimatum in June 1940, the forces of Soviet Union entered Lithuania, prompting President Antanas Smetona to flee the country. Antanas Merkys, who assumed the position of acting president in accordance with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural-born-citizen Clause
A natural-born-citizen clause is a provision in some constitutions that certain officers, usually the head of state, must be "natural-born" citizens of that state, but there is no universally accepted meaning for the term ''natural-born''. The constitutions of a number of countries contain such a clause but may define or interpret the term ''natural-born citizen'' differently. Many countries specify citizenship since birth as a requirement to hold certain offices. This is often described using the ''natural born'' phraseology and sometimes further qualified as requiring physical birth within the country's territory (''jus soli'') and/or requiring that one or both natural parents be a citizen of the country at the time of birth (''jus sanguinis''). Nations that have the requirement Africa Angola Article 110 of the 2010 Constitution provides that "Natural born Angolan citizens of over 35 years of age, living in the country for the last 10 years, and enjoying full civil and politi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Party
A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular area's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology, ideological or policy goals. Political parties have become a major part of the politics of almost every country, as modern party organizations developed and spread around the world over the last few centuries. Although List of countries without political parties, some countries have no political parties, this is extremely rare. Most countries have Multi-party system, several parties while others One-party state, only have one. Parties are important in the politics of autocracies as well as democracies, though usually Democracy, democracies have more political parties than autocracies. Autocracies often have a single party that Government, governs the country, and some political scientists consider competition between two or more parties to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Two-round System
The two-round system (TRS or 2RS), sometimes called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, is a single-winner electoral system which aims to elect a member who has support of the majority of voters. The two-round system involves one or two rounds of choose-one voting, where the voter marks a single favorite candidate in each round. If no one has a majority of votes in the first round, the two candidates with the most votes in the first round move on to a second election (a second round of voting). The two-round system is in the family of plurality voting systems that also includes single-round plurality (FPP). Like instant-runoff (ranked-choice) voting and first past the post, it elects one winner. The two-round system first emerged in France and has since become the most common single-winner electoral system worldwide. Despite this, runoff-based rules like the two-round system and RCV have faced criticism from social choice theorists as a result of their suscep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sąjūdis
The Sąjūdis (, ), initially known as the Reform Movement of Lithuania (), is a political organisation which led the struggle for Lithuanian independence in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It was established on 3 June 1988 as the first opposition party in Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Lithuania, and was led by Vytautas Landsbergis. Its goal was to seek the return of independent status for Lithuania. Historical background In the mid-1980s, Lithuania's Communist Party leadership hesitated to embrace Gorbachev's perestroika and glasnost. The death of Petras Griškevičius, first secretary of the Communist Party of Lithuania, in 1987 was merely followed by the appointment of another rigid communist, Ringaudas Songaila. However, encouraged by the rhetoric of Mikhail Gorbachev, noting the strengthening position of Solidarity (Polish trade union), Solidarity in Poland and encouraged by the Pope and the U.S. Government, Baltic independence activists began to hold publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stasys Lozoraitis Jr
Stasys is a popular Lithuanian given name, derived from Slavic name Stanislav. Feminine variation is Stasė. * Stasys Antanas Bačkis (1906–1999), Lithuanian diplomat * tasys Baranauskas (born 1962), Lithuanian footballer * Stasys Barzdukas (born 1906) Lithuanian pedagogue, a figure in the Lithuanian community in the United States , a Lithuanianist * Stasys Eidrigevičius (born 1949), graphic artist * Stasys Girėnas (1893–1933), Lithuanian-American pilot * Stasys Jakeliūnas (born 1958), Lithuanian politician * Stasys Janušauskas (1902–1996), Lithuanian footballer * Stasys Kropas (born 1953), Lithuanian politician and banker * Stasys Lozoraitis (1898–1983), Lithuanian diplomat *Stasys Lozoraitis Jr. Stasys Lozoraitis Jr. (August 2, 1924 – June 13, 1994) was a Lithuanian diplomat and politician who served as the Head of the Lithuanian Diplomatic Service from 1987 to 1991, Chief Diplomat to the United States 1991 to 1993 and Ambassador to Ita ... (1924–1994), Lithuania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Labour Party Of Lithuania
The Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania (, LDDP) was a political party in Lithuania. It was the successor of the Soviet-era Communist Party of Lithuania. The youth organization of LDDP was called Lithuanian Labourist Youth Union (). History The party traced its roots to December 1989, when the majority of the Communist Party of Lithuania broke away from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. CPL (independent) (as it became known after formation of (CPL (CPSU)) took part in the 1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election, in which the party came in second place. Amid this position, CPL (independent) joined the national unity government, which included almost all parties and organisations in the Supreme Council except the CPL (CPSU), Lithuanian Democratic Party (LDP) and the Association of Poles in Lithuania (ZPL). Algirdas Brazauskas became Deputy Prime Minister of Lithuania in the Prunskienė Cabinet. By the autumn of 1990, there were several new names proposed for the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Lithuania
The Communist Party of Lithuania (; ) is a banned communist party in Lithuania. The party was established in early October 1918 and operated clandestinely until it was legalized in 1940 after the Soviet invasion and occupation. The party was banned in August 1991, following the coup attempt in Moscow, Soviet Union which later led to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the dissolution of the Lithuanian SSR. History The party was working illegally from 1920 until 1940. Although the party was illegal, some of its members took part in the 1922 Lithuanian parliamentary election under title "Workers Groups". It managed to gather 5.0 per cent of vote (or around 40,000 votes) and elect five members. Due to political instability, Seimas was dissolved and new elections took place in 1923. In these elections, the party lost half of its support. In 1940 the party amalgamated with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) (CPSU). By the time of the formation of the Lithua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1993 Lithuanian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Lithuania on 14 February 1993.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1201 They were the first presidential elections under the new October 1992 constitution and the first direct presidential elections in the country's history. Acting president Algirdas Brazauskas, the former first secretary of the Communist Party of Lithuania and leader of the Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania (LDDP), won over 60% of the vote, enough to win without a runoff. The runner up was Stasys Lozoraitis Jr., an independent candidate endorsed by the Sąjūdis movement and other political parties. These presidential elections had fewest number of candidates up to date. By-elections to several municipal councils were held on the same day. Campaign Under Brazauskas' leadership, the LDDP had won 73 out of 141 seats in the Seimas in the 1992 parliamentary elections. Brazauskas was subsequently appointed as Speaker, and by vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gediminas Vagnorius
Gediminas Vagnorius (born 10 June 1957) is a Lithuanian politician and signatory of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania. He served as the Prime Minister of Lithuania, heading the government between 1991 and 1992, and again from 1996 until 1999. After Lithuania regained its independence in 1990, its temporary currency, the Lithuanian talonas, was popularly known as ''vagnorkė'' or ''vagnorėlis'' after Vagnorius' name. References *Elections 2000 - Gediminas Vagnorius. Seimas The Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania (), or simply the Seimas ( ; ), is the unicameralism, unicameral legislative body of the Lithuania, Republic of Lithuania. The Seimas constitutes the legislative branch of Government of Lithuania, govern ... (Parliament) of Lithuania. 1957 births Living people Prime ministers of Lithuania Vilnius Gediminas Technical University alumni Members of the Seimas 21st-century Lithuanian politicians {{Lithuania-politician- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Court Of Lithuania
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania (in ) is the constitutional court of the Republic of Lithuania, established by the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania of 1992. It began the activities after the adoption of the Law of Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania on 3 February 1993. Since its inception, the court has been located in Vilnius. The main task of the court is judicial review. It may therefore declare the acts of the Seimas unconstitutional and thus render them ineffective. As such, it is comparable to the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany or, in a limited scope, to the Supreme Court of the United States. However, it differs from it and other supreme courts in that it is not part of the regular judicial system, but more a unique judicial branch. Most importantly, it does not serve as a regular court of appeals from lower courts or as a sort of "superappellate court" on any violation of national laws. Its jurisdiction is focused on con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
