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1996–1997 Bulgarian Protests
The 1996–1997 Bulgarian protests or the Videnov winter, also known as the Bulgarian winter or the January events was a wave of violent demonstrations and strikes nationwide in Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ... for a month from December 1996 to January 1997, fuelled by devaluation of the economic and economic turmoil, which saw inflation rise to 300%. Countrywide and weekly demonstrations continued demanding the resignation of the Bulgarian Socialist Party, BSP government of Zhan Videnov. Nationwide strikes escalated into violence as protesters even stormed government buildings. On 21 January, Zhan Videnov resigned despite further social unrest and widespread protests throughout Sofia and long acts of protest nationwide. Timeline * 21–23 December 1996: D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strike Action
Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike in British English, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to Working class, work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances. Strikes became common during the Industrial Revolution, when Labour economics, mass labor became important in factories and mines. As striking became a more common practice, governments were often pushed to act (either by private business or by union workers). When government intervention occurred, it was rarely neutral or amicable. Early strikes were often deemed unlawful conspiracies or anti-competitive cartel action and many were subject to massive legal repression by state police, federal military power, and federal courts. Many Western nations legalized striking under certain conditions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Strikes are sometimes used to pressure governments to change policies. Occasionally, strikes destabilize the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petar Stoyanov
Petar Stefanov Stoyanov (, born 25 May 1952) is a Bulgarian statesman and politician who served as the 2nd President of Bulgaria from 1997 to 2002. A member of the Union of Democratic Forces, he won the second democratic election in modern Bulgarian history. Throughout Stoyanov’s presidency, Bulgaria made substantial progress in its efforts of joining NATO and the European Union. Biography Stoyanov was born on 25 May 1952, in Plovdiv, Bulgaria.The Honorable Petar Stoyanov , After graduating from secondary school, Stoyanov entered the Saint Kliment Ohridski ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1996 Protests
1996 was designated as: * International Year for the Eradication of Poverty Events January * January 8 – A Zairean cargo plane crashes into a crowded market in the center of the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kinshasa, killing around 300 people. * January 9– 20 – Serious fighting breaks out between Russian soldiers and rebel fighters in Chechnya. * January 11 – Ryutaro Hashimoto, leader of the Liberal Democratic Party, becomes Prime Minister of Japan. * January 13 – Italy's Prime Minister, Lamberto Dini, resigns after the failure of all-party talks to confirm him. New talks are initiated by President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro to form a new government. * January 14 – Jorge Sampaio is elected President of Portugal. * January 16 – President of Sierra Leone Valentine Strasser is deposed by the chief of defence, Julius Maada Bio. Bio promises to restore power following elections scheduled for February. * January 19 ** T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Currency Board
In public finance, a currency board is a mechanism by which a monetary authority is required to maintain a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency by fully backing the commitment with foreign holdings, or reserves. This policy objective requires the conventional objectives of a central bank to be subordinated to the exchange rate target. Although a currency board is a common (and simple) way of maintaining a fixed exchange rate, it is not the only way. Countries often keep exchange rates within a narrow band by regulating balance of payments through various capital controls, or though international agreements, among other methods. Thus, a rough peg may be maintained without a currency board. History In colonial administration, currency boards were popular because of the advantages of printing appropriate denominations for local conditions, and it also benefited the colony with the seigniorage revenue. The first such case was the Board of Commissioners of Currency of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefan Sofiyanski
Stefan Antonov Sofiyanski ( ; born 7 November 1951) is a Bulgarian politician who served as interim Prime Minister of Bulgaria in 1997 and was a three-term Mayor of Sofia. He was a leading member of the Union of Democratic Forces. Sofiyanski was born in Sofia in 1951. He was a statistics graduate from the Karl Marx Higher Institute of Economics and held a number of positions in the Ministry of Communications and Information during communist rule. He served in the cabinet of Filip Dimitrov and became one of the leading members of the UDF. He was elected Mayor of Sofia in 1995 and served in this position, being re-elected twice - in 1999 and 2003, until 2005 when he resigned to become a parliamentary deputy. He was appointed as caretaker Prime Minister by President Petar Stoyanov in 1997 until snap election and such time as Ivan Kostov could form a government. In 2001 he announced that he was to leave the UDF and form his own party. He ultimately formed the Union of Free Democr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sofiyanski Government
The eighty-sixth Cabinet of Bulgaria was a caretaker technocratic government set up by President Petar Stoyanov following the resignation of the Videnov government. The government, headed by Prime Minister Stefan Sofiyanski Stefan Antonov Sofiyanski ( ; born 7 November 1951) is a Bulgarian politician who served as interim Prime Minister of Bulgaria in 1997 and was a three-term Mayor of Sofia. He was a leading member of the Union of Democratic Forces. Sofiyanski was ..., ruled from February 12, 1997 to May 21, 1997, when the new cabinet took office. See also * History of Bulgaria since 1989 {{Bulgarian Cabinets Bulgarian governments 1997 establishments in Bulgaria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1997 Bulgarian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 19 April 1997.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p. 369 The result was a victory for the United Democratic Forces (an alliance of the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS), the Democratic Party, the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union-Nikola Petkov and the Bulgarian Social Democratic Party), which won 137 of the 240 seats. Following the election, SDS leader Ivan Kostov became prime minister. Inter-Parliamentary Union Results Aftermath Following the elections, Ivan Kostov formed the .References ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhelyu Zhelev
Zhelyu Mitev Zhelev (; 3 March 1935 – 30 January 2015) was a Bulgarian politician and former dissident who served as the first democratically elected and non-Communist President of Bulgaria, from 1990 to 1997. Zhelev was one of the most prominent figures of the 1989 Bulgarian Revolution, which ended the 35 year rule of President Todor Zhivkov. A member of the Union of Democratic Forces, he was elected as President by the 7th Grand National Assembly. Two years later, he won Bulgaria's first direct presidential elections. He lost his party's nomination for his 1996 reelection campaign after losing a tough primary race to Petar Stoyanov. Biography Early life Zhelev was born in 1935 into a modest village family in Veselinovo in north-eastern Bulgaria. He studied philosophy at Sofia University, graduating in 1958 and gaining a PhD in 1974, a remarkable achievement given that he was under a cloud as a dissident, having been expelled from the Communist Party in 1965. After hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgaria
Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the tenth largest within the European Union and the List of European countries by area, sixteenth-largest country in Europe by area. Sofia is the nation's capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city; other major cities include Burgas, Plovdiv, and Varna, Bulgaria, Varna. One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Karanovo culture (6,500 BC). In the 6th to 3rd century BC, the region was a battleground for ancient Thracians, Persians, Celts and Ancient Macedonians, Macedonians; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45. After the Roman state splintered, trib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BSP For Bulgaria
BSP may refer to: Business * Bell System Practices, technical documentation series published internally by the AT&T Bell System * Billing and Settlement Plan, an accounting system for airlines * Business service provider, a category of company providing business processes as services * Business system planning, a method of analysing, defining and designing the information architecture of organisations Science and technology * Bone sialoprotein, a component of mineralized tissues * British Standard Pipe, an international standard set of screw thread sizes used in pipes and pipe fittings outside the US * British space programme, the centre for all space-related activities in Britain * Bromsulphthalein, a dye used in liver function tests Computing * Binary space partitioning, a method for recursively subdividing a space * Bit-slice processor, a cascadable processor architecture * BSP (file format), used in games such as the Quake series and games that use the Source game engin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Assembly (Bulgaria)
The National Assembly () is the Unicameralism, unicameral parliament and Legislature, legislative body of the Republic of Bulgaria. The first National Assembly was established in 1879 with the Tarnovo Constitution. During the People's Republic of Bulgaria, communist period between 1946 and 1989, the National Assembly was the Legislature in communist states, supreme organ of state power and the only branch of government in Bulgaria and, in accordance with the principle of unified power, all state organs were subservient to it. Most of the National Assembly's actions were characterized as a Rubber stamp (politics), rubber stamp for the Bulgarian Communist Party (BKP) or as only being able to affect issues of low sensitivity and salience to the Bulgarian communist regime. The BCP controlled nomination and election processes at every level in its political system, allowing it to stamp out any opposition. Ordinary National Assembly The National Assembly consists of 240 members elect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
