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1990s Donbas Miners' Strikes
Strikes by coal miners in the eastern Donbas region of Ukraine occurred throughout most of the 1990s. Beginning in 1989, coal miners went on strike against poor pay amidst poor economic conditions. Originally part of the 1989 Soviet miners' strikes, the demands of miners in the Donbas also reflected sentiments in favour of Ukrainian nationalism, and they were supported publicly by pro-independence groups such as the People's Movement of Ukraine. Background and early strikes By 1989, the Donbas region in the eastern part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was in a state of severe economic decline. As part of the Era of Stagnation, the region's industrial economy had significantly declined. More broadly, the state response to the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, Russification, and the Revolutions of 1989 had generated increased distaste for First Secretary Volodymyr Shcherbytsky's government throughout Ukraine. Additionally, in pursuit of Stakhanovite movement, Stakhanovite goa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1989–1991 Ukrainian Revolution
From the formal establishment of the People's Movement of Ukraine on 1 July 1989 to the formalisation of the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine via 1991 Ukrainian independence referendum, referendum on 1 December 1991, a non-violent protest movement worked to achieve Ukrainian independence from the Soviet Union. Led by Soviet dissidents, Soviet dissident Viacheslav Chornovil, the protests began as a series of 1990s Donbas miners' strikes, strikes in the Donbas that led to the removal of longtime communist leader Volodymyr Shcherbytsky. Later, the protests grew in size and scope, leading to a human chain (politics), human chain across the country and Revolution on Granite, widespread student protests against the falsification of the 1990 Ukrainian Supreme Soviet election. The protests were ultimately successful, leading to the independence of Ukraine amidst the broader dissolution of the Soviet Union. Marked by widespread displays of support for the cause of Ukrainian indepe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Demonstration
A political demonstration is an action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause or people partaking in a protest against a cause of concern; it often consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally, in order to hear speakers. It is different from mass meeting. Demonstrations may include actions such as blockades and Sit-in, sit-ins. They can be either nonviolent or violent, with participants often referring to violent demonstrations as "Militant (word), militant." Depending on the circumstances, a demonstration may begin as nonviolent and escalate to violence. Law enforcement agency, Law enforcement, such as riot police, may become involved in these situations. Protest policing, Police involvement at protests is ideally to protect the participants and their right to assemble. However, officers don't always fulfill this responsibility and it's well-documented t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viktor Tikhonov (politician)
Viktor Mykolayovych Tikhonov, also spelled Viktor Tykhonov (; 5 March 1949 – 29 August 2020) was a Ukrainian politician. Biography Born in Antratsyt Raion, Tikhonov served in the Verkhovna Rada from 1990 to 1994 and again from 2006 to 2014. He also served as the First Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine from 11 March 2010 until 1 June 2011, with the Cabinet of Prime Minister Mykola Azarov. Additionally, Tikhonov was chairman of the Luhansk Regional Council in eastern Ukraine from 1998 to 2006. He also served as the ambassador to Belarus from 2011 to 2012. In a 2016 interview, Tikhonov stated that he now permanently lived in Russian-occupied Crimea. Viktor Tikhonov died from pneumonia in Simferopol Simferopol ( ), also known as Aqmescit, is the second-largest city on the Crimea, Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine, but controlled by Russia. It is considered the cap ... on 29 August 2020, at the age of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oleksandr Yefremov
Oleksandr Yefremov or Aleksandr Efremov (, ) is a Ukrainian former parliamentarian and politician. A former governor of the Luhansk Oblast, from 2010 until 2014 he was Party of Regions's faction leader in the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament). On 14 February 2015 Yefremov was detained on suspicion of "abuse of power under aggravating circumstances".Ex-head of Regions Party faction Yefremov detained on suspicion of abuse of power under aggravating circumstances Interfax-Ukraine (14 February 2015) This arrest was effectively ended when his bail expired on 1 November 2015. Yefremov was again detained on 30 July 2016 on suspicion of violation of Ukraine's territorial integ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Khananov
Eduard Akhatovych Khananov (Ukrainian: Едуард Ахатович Хананов; 9 January 1942 – 19 June 2004), was an Uzbek-born Ukrainian politician who served as the presidential representative of Luhansk Oblast from 1992 to 1995. Khananov also served as a member of parliament, People's Deputy of Ukraine of the Verkhovna Rada's first convocation, serving from 1990 to 1992. He was a Doctor of Economics. Biography Eduard Khananov was born in Samarkand, Uzbek SSR, on 9 January 1942, and is of Russian descent. Between 1958 and 1963 he studied at the Voroshilovsky (Communard) Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Luhansk Oblast, as a building engineer. In 1959, he graduated from the Kommunar Mining and Metallurgical Institute. He graduated from the . In 1963, after his graduation, he became the master, superintendent, and the head of the Verkhnyansky Construction Department of the Lysychanskhimnftobud trust in Luhansk Oblast. In 1965, Khananov was the 1st secretary of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viktor Yanukovych
Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych (born 9 July 1950) is a Ukrainian politician who served as the fourth president of Ukraine from 2010 to 2014. He also served as the prime minister of Ukraine several times between 2002 and 2007 and was a member of the Verkhovna Rada (parliament) from 2006 to 2010. Yanukovych was removed from the presidency in the 2014 Revolution of Dignity, which followed months of protests against him. Since then, he has lived in exile in Russia. Yanukovych was a member of the pro-Russian Party of Regions. Before entering national politics, Yanukovych was the Governor of his native Donetsk Oblast from 1997 to 2002. He was simultaneously the Chairman of the oblast's legislature from 1999 to 2001. He first ran for president in the 2004 election, where he was declared the winner against Viktor Yushchenko. However, allegations of electoral fraud and voter intimidation caused widespread protests, in what became known as the Orange Revolution. The Ukrainian Supr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuriy Smyrnov
Yurii Kostyantynovych Smyrnov (Ukrainian: Юрій Костянтинович Смирнов; born 2 June 1939), is a Russian-born Ukrainian politician who served as the Presidential Representative of Donetsk Oblast from 1992 to 1995. Smyrnov served as a State Advisor to the 2nd Customs Service of the Donbas Regional Customs, and was its head from 1997 to 1999. He also served as a member of the Verkhovna Rada's 1st convocation from 1990 to 1992. Biography Smyrnov was born Yury Kostantinovich Smirnov on 2 June 1939 in Kologriv, Kostroma Oblast to his ethnic-Russian parents, Konstantin Konstantinovich (1915-1941) who served during the Second World War until his death, and his mother, Tatiana (1915-1998) who had been an employee. In 1962, he had been a student, press engineer-technologist, and had been the head of the workshop of the Artemivsky Plant "Victory of Labor". He attended the Ukrainian Correspondence Polytechnic Institute between 1963 and 1969, and had been a mechanical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonid Kuchma
Leonid Danylovych Kuchma (, ; born 9 August 1938) is a Ukrainian politician who was the second president of Ukraine, serving from 19 July 1994 to 23 January 2005. The only president of Ukraine to serve two terms, his presidency was marked by democratic backsliding and the growth of the Ukrainian oligarchs, as well as several scandals and improvement of Russia–Ukraine relations. After a successful career in the machine-building industry of the Soviet Union, Kuchma began his political career in 1990 Ukrainian parliamentary election, 1990, when he was elected to the Verkhovna Rada (the Ukrainian parliament); he was 1994 Ukrainian parliamentary election, re-elected in 1994. He served as Prime Minister of Ukraine between October 1992 and September 1993. Kuchma took office after winning the 1994 Ukrainian presidential election, 1994 presidential election against his rival, incumbent President Leonid Kravchuk. Kuchma won re-election for an additional five-year term in 1999 Ukrainian pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonid Kravchuk
Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk (, ; 10 January 1934 – 10 May 2022) was a Ukrainian politician and the first president of Ukraine, serving from 5 December 1991 until 19 July 1994. In 1992, he signed the Lisbon Protocol, undertaking to give up Ukraine's nuclear arsenal. He was also the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada and a People's Deputy of Ukraine serving in the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) faction. After a political crisis involving the president and the prime minister, Kravchuk resigned from the presidency, but ran for a second term as president in 1994 Ukrainian presidential election, 1994. He was defeated by his former Prime Minister of Ukraine, prime minister, Leonid Kuchma, who then served as president for two terms. After his presidency, Kravchuk remained active in Ukrainian politics, serving as a People's Deputy of Ukraine in the Verkhovna Rada and the leader of the parliamentary group of Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) from 2002 to 2006. Early li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volodymyr Biletskyy
Volodymyr Stefanovych Biletskyy (; born 26 January 1950) is a Ukrainian mining engineer, D.Sc. scientist, and researcher in the field of coal mining, publisher and political scientist. He has published many technical articles on the subject of mining, and was the initiator and editor of the first Ukrainian '' Mining Encyclopedia''. Biography Biletskyy finished Vilniansk high school in 1967 and then studied at the electro-technical faculty of the National Mining University of Ukraine. Graduating in 1972, he worked as an engineer in the research department of the faculty of automation of manufacturing processes at the same university (1974–1975). Between 1975 and 1976, he worked as the chief engineer at the coal mine operated by the State Coal Enterprise in Makiivka, and then as a research assistant in the electrical department of the Makiivka Research Institute, researching safety in mining production between 1977 and 1979. In 1981, Biletskyy then became the head research assi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berkut (special Police Force)
The Berkut (; "golden eagle") was the Ukrainian system of special police (riot police) of the Ukrainian ''Militsiya'' within the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The agency was formed in 1992, shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, as the successor to the Ukrainian SSR's OMON. Initially specialized in fighting organized crime, Berkut transitioned into a gendarmerie used by the Ukrainian ''Militsiya'' for public security, operating semi-autonomously at the local or regional level. The term "Berkut" came to be used for any professional special police unit in Ukraine. Prior to the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, the Berkut had a history of illegal activities against Ukrainian citizens, such as racketeering, terrorism, physical violence, torture, anti-Ukrainian sentiment, voter intimidation and other secret police tactics against those who would elect non- Yanukovych candidates. It committed violence against protesters during Euromaidan and the Orange Revolution. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Ukraine
The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (), commonly referred to as the Government of Ukraine (), is the highest body of state Executive (government), executive power in Ukraine. As the Cabinet of Ministers of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR, it was formed on 18 April 1991, by the Law of Ukrainian SSR No.980-XII. Vitold Fokin was approved as the first Prime Minister of Ukraine. The cabinet is a collegiate body consisting of the cabinet's "presidium" composed of the Prime Minister of Ukraine and their vice prime ministers as well as other ministers who participate and vote on sessions of the cabinet. The prime minister presides over the cabinet. Some vice prime ministers may be appointed as the first vice prime ministers. Unlike the Soviet period of the government when presidium was actually a functioning institution, the current government presidium is nominal and vice prime ministers do not have much advantage over other ministers. All government decisions ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
