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1981–82 FIS Ski Jumping World Cup
The 1981–82 FIS Ski Jumping World Cup was the third World Cup season in ski jumping. It began in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy on 20 December 1981 and finished in Planica, Yugoslavia on 28 March 1982. The individual World Cup overall winner was Austrian ski jumper Armin Kogler for the second year in a row (although he won only three times this season and Ole Bremseth six wins in total) and Nations Cup was taken by Team of Austria. 22 men's individual events on 14 different venues in 11 countries were held. Two individual World Cup competitions in St. Nizier were completely cancelled due to lack of snow. Peaks of the season were FIS Nordic World Ski Championships which also counted for World Cup points (the only time in history that Nordic World Championships also counted for WC) and Four Hills Tournament, Swiss Tournament and K.O.P. International Ski Flying Week Competitions were held on three different continents; Europe, Asia and North America. Map of world cup hosts ...
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Armin Kogler
Armin Kogler (born 4 September 1959) is an Austrian former ski jumper. Career After his surprise win at the FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 1979, Kogler set a new record in Planica (1981) with a leap of 180 meters. He won two World Cup overall titles (1981 and 1982) along with a complete set of medals at the 1982 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with gold in the individual normal hill, a silver in the team large hill, and a bronze in the individual large hill. He would then follow it up with a silver in the team large hill event at the 1985 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Seefeld. Additionally, Kogler won the ski jumping event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1980. Kogler's best Olympic finish was fifth in the individual large hill at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid. For his ski jumping successes, he was awarded the Holmenkollen medal in 1984 (shared with Lars-Erik Eriksen and Jacob Vaage). Kogler is the uncle of Martin Koch. On 27 March 1980 he ...
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Engelberg
Engelberg (lit.: ''mountain of angel(s)'') is a village resort and a municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Obwalden in Switzerland. Alongside the central village of Engelberg, the municipality encompasses additional settlements, including Grafenort, Oberberg and Schwand. The municipality of Engelberg is an exclave, entirely encircled by the neighboring cantons of Canton of Bern, Bern, Canton of Nidwalden, Nidwalden and Canton of Uri, Uri. Engelberg is a mountain resort in Central Switzerland. In the Middle Ages, the area garnered recognition for its Benedictine monastery, known as Engelberg Abbey. As time progressed, particularly from the 19th century onwards, Engelberg became a well-known mountain resort. The city of Lucerne serves as the nearest major urban center. While the official language of Engelberg is Swiss Swiss Standard German, German, the predominant spoken language is the local variation of the Alemannic German, Alem ...
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Bischofshofen
Bischofshofen () is a List of cities and towns in Austria, town in the district of St. Johann im Pongau District, St. Johann im Pongau in the Austrian federal state of Salzburg (state), Salzburg. It is an important traffic junction located both on the Salzburg-Tyrol Railway line and at the Tauern Autobahn, a major highway route crossing the main chain of the Alps. Geography Bischofshofen is situated within the Northern Limestone Alps, in the valley of the Salzach river, about south of the state capital Salzburg. It is surrounded by the Hochkönig massif in the west, part of the Berchtesgaden Alps, the Tennen Mountains in the northeast, and the Salzburg Slate Alps in the southeast. The municipal area comprises the Cadastral community, cadastral communities of Bischofshofen proper, Buchberg, Haidberg, and Winkl. Villages in Bischofshofen and population * Alpfahrt - 149 * Bischofshofen - 7.134 * Buchberg - 440 * Gainfeld - 109 * Haidberg - 98 * Kreuzberg - 263 * Laideregg - 488 * M ...
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Innsbruck
Innsbruck (; ) is the capital of Tyrol (federal state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the Wipptal, Wipp Valley, which provides access to the Brenner Pass to the south, it had a population of 132,493 in 2018. In the broad valley between high mountains, the so-called North Chain in the Karwendel Alps (Hafelekarspitze, ) to the north and Patscherkofel () and Serles () to the south, Innsbruck is an internationally renowned winter sports centre; it hosted the 1964 Winter Olympics, 1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics as well as the 1984 Winter Paralympics, 1984 and 1988 Winter Paralympics. It also hosted the first 2012 Winter Youth Olympics, Winter Youth Olympics in 2012 and is going to host the 2027 Winter Deaflympics. The name means "bridge over the Inn". History Antiquity The earliest traces suggest initial inhabitation in the early Stone Age. Surviving Ancient Rome, pre-Roman pla ...
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Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (; ) is an Northern Limestone Alps, Alpine mountain resort, ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district), district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated ''GAP''), in the Oberbayern region, which borders Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at above sea level. The town is known as the site of the 1936 Winter Olympics, 1936 Winter Olympic Games, the first to include Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics, alpine skiing, and hosts a variety of winter sports competitions. History Garmisch (in the west) and Partenkirchen (in the east) were separate towns for many centuries, and still maintain quite separate identities. Partenkirchen originated as the Ancient Rome, Roman town of ''Partanum'' on the trade route from Venice to Augsburg and is first mentioned in the year A.D. 15. Its main street, Ludwigsstrasse, follows the original Roman road. Garmisch was first mentio ...
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Oberstdorf
Oberstdorf (Low Alemannic German, Low Alemannic: ''Oberschdorf'') is a Municipalities of Germany, municipality and skiing and hiking town in Germany, located in the Allgäu region of the Bavarian Alps. It is the southernmost settlement in Germany and one of its highest towns. At the center of Oberstdorf is a church whose tall spire serves as a landmark for navigating around town. The summits of the Nebelhorn and Fellhorn provide dramatic panoramic views of the alps. The Nebelhorn can be reached with a big cable car. Visitors can ride a unique diagonal elevator to the top of the Heini-Klopfer-Skiflugschanze. Geography Administrative divisions Oberstdorf consists of the village of Oberstdorf (813 metres above sea level, survey point by the Roman Catholic church) and five other villages: * ''Kornau'', 915 m. In the vicinity is the Söllereckbahn and the Chapel of St. Fabian and St. Sebastian which is rich in art treasures. * In ''Reichenbach'' (population: 226) ...
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Red Pog
Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to Orange (colour), orange and opposite Violet (color), violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–750 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondary color (made from magenta and yellow) in the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan. Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged Scarlet (color), scarlet and Vermilion, vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy (color), burgundy. Red pigment made from ochre was one of the first colors used in prehistoric art. The Ancient Egyptians and Mayan civilization, Mayans colored their faces red in ceremonies; Roman Empire, Roman generals had their bodies colored red to celebrate victories. It was also an important color in China, where it was used to color early pottery and later the gates and walls of palaces. In the Renaissance, the brillian ...
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Black Pog
Black is a color that results from the absence or complete Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), absorption of visible spectrum, visible light. It is an achromatic color, without Colorfulness#Chroma, chroma, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figurative language, figuratively to represent darkness.Eva Heller, ''Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques'', pp. 105–26. Black and white have often been used to describe opposites such as good and evil, the Dark Ages (historiography), Dark Ages versus the Age of Enlightenment, and night versus day. Since the Middle Ages, black has been the symbolic color of solemnity and authority, and for this reason it is still commonly worn by judges and magistrates. Black was one of the first colors used by artists in Neolithic cave paintings. It was used in ancient Egypt and Greece as the color of the underworld. In the Roman Empire, it became the color of mourning, and over the centuries it was frequently asso ...
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Blue Pog
Blue is one of the three primary colours in the RYB color model, RYB colour model (traditional colour theory), as well as in the RGB color model, RGB (additive) colour model. It lies between Violet (color), violet and cyan on the optical spectrum, spectrum of visible light. The term ''blue'' generally describes colours perceived by humans observing light with a dominant wavelength that's between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres. Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colours; Azure (color), azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet. The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering#Cause of the blue colour of the sky, Rayleigh scattering. An optical effect called the Tyndall effect explains Eye color#Blue, blue eyes. Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called aerial perspective. Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient t ...
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Orange Pog
Orange most often refers to: *Orange (fruit), the fruit of the tree species '' Citrus'' × ''sinensis'' ** Orange blossom, its fragrant flower ** Orange juice *Orange (colour), the color of an orange fruit, occurs between red and yellow in the visible light spectrum *Some other citrus or citrus-like fruit, see '' list of plants known as orange'' * ''Orange'' (word), both a noun and an adjective in the English language Orange may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Game of Life'' (film), a 2007 film originally known as ''Oranges'' * ''Orange'' (2010 film), a Telugu-language film * ''The Oranges'' (film), a 2011 American romantic comedy starring Hugh Laurie * ''Orange'' (2012 film), a Malayalam-language film * ''Orange'' (2015 film), a Japanese film * ''Orange'' (2018 film), a Kannada-language film Music Groups and labels * Orange (band), an American punk rock band, who formed in 2002 from California * Orange Record Label, a Canadian independent recor ...
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Green Pog
Green is the color between cyan and yellow on the visible spectrum. It is evoked by light which has a dominant wavelength of roughly 495570 Nanometre, nm. In subtractive color systems, used in painting and color printing, it is created by a combination of yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model, used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combinations to create all other colors. By far the largest contributor to green in nature is chlorophyll, the chemical by which plants photosynthesis, photosynthesize and convert sunlight into chemical energy. Many creatures have adapted to their green environments by taking on a green hue themselves as camouflage. Several minerals have a green color, including the emerald, which is colored green by its chromium content. During Post-classical history, post-classical and Early modern period, early modern Europe, green was the color commonly asso ...
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Lahti
Lahti (; ) is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Päijät-Häme. It is located in the Finnish Lakeland. The population of Lahti is approximately , while the Lahti sub-region, sub-region has a population of approximately . It is the most populous Municipalities of Finland, municipality in Finland, and the sixth most populous List of urban areas in Finland by population, urban area in the country. Lahti is situated on a bay at the southern end of lake Vesijärvi about north-east of the capital city Helsinki, south-west of Heinola and east of Hämeenlinna, the capital of the region of Tavastia Proper, Tavastia Proper (Kanta-Häme). Lahti is situated at the intersection of Finnish national road 4, Highway 4 (between Helsinki and Jyväskylä) and Finnish national road 12, Highway 12 (between Tampere and Kouvola), which are the most significant main roads of Lahti. Its neighboring municipalities are Asikkala, Heinola, Hollola, Iitti and Orimattila. In English, the Finnis ...
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