|
1907 Vancouver Anti-Asian Riots
The Vancouver riots occurred September 7–9, 1907, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. At about the same time there were similar 1907 Bellingham race riot, anti-Asian riots in Bellingham, Washington, Pacific Coast race riots of 1907, San Francisco, and other West Coast cities. They were not coordinated but instead reflected common underlying anti-immigration attitudes. Agitation for direct action was led by labour unions and small business. Damage to Asian-owned property was extensive. Causes of riots In the early years of the twentieth century race relations on the Pacific Coast of Canada were strained. There were an estimated 16,000 Chinese immigrants in the province at the 1901 census, an increase from the prior 1881 (4,350) and 1891 (8,910) counts. There were also 8,000 Japanese and around 5,000 South Asians. The Chinese had come to Canada to build the railways; the Japanese to fish; and Indians to farm and log. At this time, other ships with more migrants were arrivin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pacific Coast Race Riots Of 1907
The Pacific Coast race riots were a series of riots which occurred in the United States and Canada in 1907. The violent riots resulted from growing anti-Asian sentiment among White populations during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Rioting occurred in San Francisco, Bellingham, and Vancouver. Anti-Asian rioters in Bellingham focused mainly on several-hundred Sikh workers recently emigrated from India (falsely believed to be Hindu by rioters). Chinese immigrants were attacked in Vancouver and Japanese workers were mainly targeted in San Francisco. Background During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Pacific coasts of both the United States and Canada experienced waves of Asian immigration. As Asian immigrants continued emigrating to North America, Whites on the Pacific Coast grew increasingly concerned of the economic threat they believed Asian workers to pose, as well as existing anti-Asian racism. White Americans and Canadians feared that they would be out ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Bellingham, Washington
Bellingham ( ) is the county seat of Whatcom County, Washington, Whatcom County in the U.S. state of Washington (state), Washington. It lies south of the Canada–United States border, U.S.–Canada border, between Vancouver, British Columbia, to the northwest and Seattle to the south. The population was 91,482 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, and estimated to be 94,720 in 2023. It is the site of Western Washington University, Bellingham International Airport, and the southern terminus of the Alaska Marine Highway. Bellingham is the northernmost city with a population of more than 90,000 people in the contiguous United States. The area around Bellingham Bay, named in 1792 by George Vancouver, is the ancestral home of several Coast Salish groups. European settlement in modern-day Bellingham began in the 1850s and several coal mining towns grew in later years. The city of Bellingham was municipal incorporation, incorporated in 1903 through the consolidation of se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Chinese Immigration Act, 1923
The ''Chinese Immigration Act, 1923'' (), also known as the "Chinese Exclusion Act" (the duration of which has been dubbed the Exclusion Era), was a Canadian Act of Parliament passed by the government of Liberal Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, banning most forms of Chinese immigration to Canada. Immigration from most countries was controlled or restricted in some way, but only the Chinese were completely prohibited from immigrating to Canada. The act was repealed in May 1947 after World War II, due to Canada having been a signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. History Before 1923, Chinese immigration was heavily controlled by the ''Chinese Immigration Act'' of 1885, which imposed an onerous head tax on all immigrants from China. After various members of the federal and some provincial governments (especially British Columbia) put pressure on the federal government to discourage Chinese immigration, the ''Chinese Immigration Act'' was passed. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
1886 Vancouver Anti-Chinese Riots
The Vancouver anti-Chinese riots of 1887, sometimes called the Winter Riots because of the time of year they took place, were prompted by the engagement of cheap Chinese labour by the Canadian Pacific Railway to clear Vancouver's West End of large Douglas fir trees and stumps, passing over the thousands of unemployed men from the rest of Canada who had arrived looking for work. See also * Chinese head tax in Canada * Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration (1885) * Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 * Chinese Immigration Act, 1923 *Anti-Oriental riots (Vancouver) Vancouver riot may refer to any of several riots in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, including: * 1886 Vancouver anti-Chinese riots * 1907 Vancouver anti-Asian riots, anti-immigration riots * 1918 Vancouver general strike * Battle of Ballantyne ... Further reading * * * 1887 in British Columbia 1887 riots Race riots in Canada History of Vancouver Accidents and incidents involving Canadian Pacific Railway Anti-C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Chinese Immigration Act, 1885
The ''Chinese Immigration Act, 1885'' was an act of the Parliament of Canada that placed a head tax of $50 () on all Chinese immigrants entering Canada. It was based on the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration, which were published in 1885. It was granted royal assent on 20 July 1885, and followed the U.S. Chinese Exclusion Act, which was passed in 1882. History In the early 1880s, during the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), as many as 17,000 Chinese immigrants came to Canada to work as labourers. Many individuals arrived from China, but others came from American states that included Washington, Oregon, and California, following their work on railroads and in mining camps. The arrival of the Chinese in Canada was partially the result of a demand for cheap labour in the West. Major labour shortages in British Columbia threatened the economic viability of Canada. Thus, as a way to bring the West economic efficiency, Chinese immig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Royal Commission On Chinese Immigration
The Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration was a commission of inquiry appointed to establish whether or not imposing restrictions to Chinese immigration to Canada was in the country's best interest. Ordered on 4 July 1884 by Prime Minister John A. Macdonald, the inquiry was appointed two commissioners were: the Honorable Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, LL.D., who was the Secretary of State for Canada; and the Honorable John Hamilton Gray, DCL, a Justice on the Supreme Court of British Columbia. The commissioners heard from 51 witnesses who submitted their testimonies to 27 questions regarding Chinese immigrants in Canada, and what policies should or should not be implemented to restrict them. Each of these witnesses gave their accounts and the commissioners gathered their answers to draw upon for their conclusions. However, a majority of their interviews were concentrated in Victoria rather than in the countryside where Chinese men competed for jobs, and many felt that this lost cred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Komagata Maru Incident
The ''Komagata Maru'' incident involved the Japanese steamship ''Komagata Maru'', on which a group of people from British Raj, British India attempted to migrate to Canada in April 1914, but most were denied entry and forced to return to Budge Budge, near Calcutta (present-day Kolkata). There, the Indian Imperial Police attempted to arrest the group leaders. A riot ensued, and they were fired upon by the police, resulting in multiple deaths. ''Komagata Maru'' sailed from British Hong Kong, via Shanghai, Republic of China (1912–49), China, and Yokohama, Empire of Japan, Japan, to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on April 4, 1914, carrying 376 passengers from Punjab Province (British India), Punjab province in British India. The passengers were 340 Sikhs, 24 Punjabi Muslims, Muslims and 12 Punjabi Hindus, Hindus, all Punjabis and British subjects. Of these 376 passengers, 24 were admitted to Canada, but the other 352 were not allowed to disembark in Canada due to suspected ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
The Punjabis In British Columbia
''The Punjabis in British Columbia: Location, Labour, First Nations, and Multiculturalism'' is a 2012 book by Kamala Elizabeth Nayar, published by the McGill-Queen’s University Press (MQUP). The book discusses Punjabi immigrants to northern British Columbia in the period after World War II,Pontellini, Michaela.The History of Punjabis in British ColumbiaArchive (book review). ''Vancouver Weekly''. Retrieved on January 17, 2015. and several chapters have a focus on the Punjabis of Skeena Country. The book has information on the female Punjabi experience. The book also discusses anti-Punjabi sentiments found in the First Nations peoples of British Columbia. Anne Murphy of the University of British Columbia (UBC) wrote that the book has "substantive" criticisms of the uses and extent of Canada's multiculturalism policies. Reception Michaela Pontellini of the ''Vancouver Weekly'' wrote that "I truly enjoyed this book" and that due to the large amount of detail inside, "I would no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Continuous Journey Regulation
The continuous journey regulation was a restriction placed by the Canadian government that (ostensibly) prevented those who, "in the opinion of the Minister of the Interior", did not "come from the country of their birth or citizenship by a continuous journey and or through tickets purchased before leaving the country of their birth or nationality" from being accepted as immigrants to Canada. However, in effect, the regulation affected only the immigration of persons from India. Issued through an order-in-council on 8 January 1908, the regulation was the first attempt by the Government of Canadian to restrict immigration. In practice, the regulation applied only to ships that began their voyage in India, as the great distance usually necessitated a stopover in Japan or Hawaii. These regulations came at a time when Canada was accepting massive numbers of immigrants (over 400,000 in 1913 alone), almost all of whom came from Europe. History Background During the first two decades of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Gentlemen's Agreement
A gentlemen's agreement, or gentleman's agreement, is an informal and legally non-binding wikt:agreement, agreement between two or more parties. It is typically Oral contract, oral, but it may be written or simply understood as part of an unspoken agreement by convention or through mutually beneficial etiquette. The essence of a gentlemen's agreement is that it relies upon the honor of the parties for its fulfillment, rather than being in any way enforceable. It is distinct from a contract, legal agreement or contract. A more formal (but still non-binding) form of the gentlemen's agreement is the memorandum of understanding. History The phrase appears in the British parliamentary records in 1821 and in the Massachusetts public records in 1835. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' cites P. G. Wodehouse's 1929 story collection ''Mr Mulliner Speaking'' as the first appearance of the term. Industry A gentleman's agreement, defined in the early 20th century as "an agreement between gent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
William Lyon Mackenzie King
William Lyon Mackenzie King (December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950) was a Canadian statesman and politician who was the tenth prime minister of Canada for three non-consecutive terms from 1921 to 1926, 1926 to 1930, and 1935 to 1948. A Liberal, he was the dominant politician in Canada from the early 1920s to the late 1940s. King is best known for his leadership of Canada throughout the Great Depression and the Second World War. He played a major role in laying the foundations of the Canadian welfare state and establishing Canada's international position as a middle power. With a total of 21 years and 154 days in office, he remains the longest-serving prime minister in Canadian history and as well as the longest-serving Liberal leader, holding the position for exactly 29 years. King studied law and political economy in the 1890s and later obtained a PhD, the first of only two Canadian prime ministers to have done so. In 1900, he became deputy minister of the Canadian government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
