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1704 Polish–Lithuanian Royal Election
The 1704 Polish–Lithuanian royal election was an election to decide on the new candidate for the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish–Lithuanian throne. History In early 1700, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Lithuania and Elector of Saxony, Augustus II the Strong began the Great Northern War by attacking Swedish Livonia. Despite Russian support, Saxon army lost several battles, and soon afterwards, forces of the Swedish Empire controlled most of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In June 1703, Augustus II convened the Extraordinary Sejm in Lublin, where he faced widespread criticism. His opponent were led by Primate of Poland, Michał Radziejowski, and sons of late King Jan III Sobieski, James Louis Sobieski, Jakub and Konstanty Władysław Sobieski, Konstanty. Opponents of Augustus II formed the Warsaw Confederation (1704), Warsaw Confederation, and on February 16, 1704 in Warsaw, they dethroned him. In April of the same year, young Voivode of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanisław Leszczyński
Stanisław I Leszczyński (Stanisław Bogusław; 20 October 1677 – 23 February 1766), also Anglicized and Latinized as Stanislaus I, was twice King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and at various times Prince of Deux-Ponts, Duke of Bar and Duke of Lorraine. During the Great Northern War, multiple candidates had emerged after the death of John III Sobieski for the elective kingship of Poland (which also included the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as part of the Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth). Backed by powerful neighbors in Russia and Austria, the Sejm elected Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony to succeed John III in 1697 as August II. Russia's primary antagonist in the Great Northern War, Sweden had supported Stanisław Leszczyński for the throne, and after defeating a combined army of Saxon and Polish-Lithuanian forces, deposed August II and installed Leszczyński as Stanisław I in 1704. In 1709, Charles XII of Sweden, Stanisław's main supporter, suffe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voivode
Voivode ( ), also spelled voivod, voievod or voevod and also known as vaivode ( ), voivoda, vojvoda, vaivada or wojewoda, is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe in use since the Early Middle Ages. It primarily referred to the medieval rulers of the Romanian-inhabited states and of governors and military commanders of Poles, Hungarian, Lithuanian, Balkan, Russian people and other Slavic-speaking populations. In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ''voivode'' was interchangeably used with '' palatine''. In the Tsardom of Russia, a voivode was a military governor. Among the Danube principalities, ''voivode'' was considered a princely title. Etymology The term ''voivode'' comes from two roots. , means "war, fight," while , means "leading", thus in Old Slavic together meaning "war leader" or "warlord". The Latin translation is for the principal commander of a military force, serving as a deputy for the monarch. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Narva
The Treaty of Narva was concluded on 19 August ( O.S.) / 30 August 1704 during the Great Northern War.Donnert & Mühlpfort (1997), p. 512 The faction of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth loyal to Augustus the Strong joined the anti-Swedish alliance between the Saxon electorate and the Tsardom of Russia. Background At the onset of the Great Northern War, Augustus the Strong was king of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania and Elector of Saxony. In 1699, he allied with the Russian tsar Peter the Great in the Treaty of Preobrazhenskoye and with Frederik IV of Denmark-Norway in the Treaty of Dresden. The alliances provided the basis for a combined attack on the Swedish Empire, which followed in 1700.Frost (2000), p. 229 Already in 1700, Denmark was forced to withdraw and Russia suffered a decisive defeat.Frost (2000), p. 230 In the following years, Charles XII of Sweden pursued Augustus through Poland–Lithuania, imposing on him a series of defeats, and Russia was able to recover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pospolite Ruszenie
''Pospolite ruszenie'' (, lit. ''mass mobilization''; "Noble Host", , the French term ''levée en masse'' is also used) was the wartime mobilisation of all or a specific part of able-bodied male population of the state into armed forces during the period of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The tradition of wartime mobilisation of part of the population existed from before the 13th century to the 19th century. In the later era, ''pospolite ruszenie'' units were formed from the ''szlachta'' (Polish "nobility"). The ''pospolite ruszenie'' was eventually outclassed by professional forces. Rise Before the 13th century, the feudal levy of knights was the customary method employed in the raising of Polish armies in the Kingdom of Poland of the Late Middle Ages. The earliest mentions of the term can be traced to the reign of Władysław I the Elbow-high (1320–1333). Statutes of Casimir the Great made the service in the military obligatory for all kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandomierz Confederation
The Sandomierz Confederation was an anti- Swedish confederation, formed on 20 May 1704 in defense of the King of Poland, August II the Strong. It was formed in reaction to the Warsaw Confederation, and its marshal was Stanisław Ernest Denhoff. The confederation lasted until 1717, when it was disbanded by the Silent Sejm. Members of the confederation mostly consisted of nobility from Lesser Poland, who supported the Electorate of Saxony, whose ruler August II also was king of Poland. Its forming resulted in a three-year civil war between the two camps. In its initial stages, Swedish side had the upper hand, and the Warsaw Confederation was eventually victorious in the civil war in Poland (1704-1706), which ended with the Treaty of Altranstädt (1706). Soon, however, after Swedish defeat in the Great Northern War In the Great Northern War (1700–1721) a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern Europe, North ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konstanty Józef Zieliński
Konstanty is a Polish-language given name and a surname, a variant of Constantine. Notable people with the name include: Given name * Konstanty Adam Czartoryski (1777–1866), Polish prince, Brigadier General * Konstanty Andrzej Kulka (born 1947), Polish violinist, recording artist, and professor * Konstanty Borzęcki (1826–1876), participant in Polish and Ottoman uprisings, known as Mustafa Celalettin Pasha * Konstanty Brandel (1880–1970), Polish painter, notable contributor to the Young Poland movement * Konstanty Branicki (1824–1884), Polish collector and naturalist who established a private museum of natural history * Konstanty Budkiewicz (1867–1923), Roman Catholic priest executed by the OGPU for organizing Nonviolent resistance against the First Soviet anti-religious campaign * Konstanty Dombrowicz (born 1947), Polish journalist, politician and President of Bydgoszcz * Konstanty Gebert (born 1953), Polish-Jewish journalist and activist * Konstanty Gorski (1859–19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lviv
Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main Ukrainian culture, cultural centres of Ukraine. Lviv also hosts the administration of Lviv urban hromada. It was named after Leo I of Galicia, the eldest son of Daniel of Galicia, Daniel, King of Ruthenia. Lviv (then Lwów) emerged as the centre of the historical regions of Red Ruthenia and Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia in the 14th century, superseding Halych, Chełm, Belz, and Przemyśl. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia from 1272 to 1349, when it went to King Casimir III the Great of Kingdom of Poland, Poland in a Galicia–Volhynia Wars, war of succession. In 1356, Casimir the Great granted it town rights. From 1434, it was the regional capital of the Ruthenian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikołaj Święcicki
Mikołaj Święcicki of the Jastrzębiec coat of arms (bron ca. 1640 in Święcice, died 27 November 1707 in Vienna) was from 1697, the Bishop of Kiev, from 1699, the Bishop of Poznań, the chancellor of the Poznań cathedral chapter in 1674–1679, the dean of the Poznań cathedral chapter in 1679-1701 scholastic of the collegiate chapter of Saint. John the Baptist in Warsaw, an official and vicar general in Mazovia in 1684. Curriculum vitae Election of Stanisław Leszczyński in 1704. He was a clerical deputy of the Poznań chapter for the Crown Tribunal in 1676 and 1678. In 1704, he was an interrex in the substitution of Archbishop Michał Stefan Radziejowski (deprived of jurisdiction by Pope Clement XI), a grand referendary from 1689, and the abbot of Trójceszyn. He was a member of the Warsaw Confederation in 1704. A supporter of Stanisław Leszczyński's choice as the King of Poland. Despite the opposition of the Pope, he proclaimed his candidate as King. For thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw
Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at 1.86 million residents within a Warsaw metropolitan area, greater metropolitan area of 3.27 million residents, which makes Warsaw the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 6th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises List of districts and neighbourhoods of Warsaw, 18 districts, while the metropolitan area covers . Warsaw is classified as an Globalization and World Cities Research Network#Alpha 2, alpha global city, a major political, economic and cultural hub, and the country's seat of government. It is also the capital of the Masovian Voivodeship. Warsaw traces its origins to a small fishing town in Masovia. The city rose to prominence in the late 16th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szlachta
The ''szlachta'' (; ; ) were the nobility, noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Depending on the definition, they were either a warrior "caste" or a social class, and they dominated those states by exercising szlachta's privileges, political rights and power. Szlachta as a class differed significantly from the Feudalism, feudal nobility of Western Europe. The estate was officially abolished in 1921 by the March Constitution (Poland), March Constitution."Szlachta. Szlachta w Polsce" ''Encyklopedia PWN'' The origins of the ''szlachta'' are obscure and the subject of several theories. The ''szlachta'' secured Golden Liberty, substantial and increasing political power and rights throughout its history, begin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coronation Of Stanislas I Leszczyński In 1705
A coronation ceremony marks the formal investiture of a monarch with regal power using a crown. In addition to the crowning, this ceremony may include the presentation of other items of regalia, and other rituals such as the taking of special vows by the new monarch, the investing and presentation of regalia to them, and acts of homage by the new monarch's subjects. In certain Christian denominations, such as Lutheranism and Anglicanism, coronation is a religious rite. As such, Western-style coronations have often included anointing the monarch with holy oil, or chrism as it is often called; the anointing ritual's religious significance follows examples found in the Bible. The monarch's consort may also be crowned, either simultaneously with the monarch or as a separate event. Once a vital ritual among the world's monarchies, coronations have changed over time for a variety of socio-political and religious reasons; most modern monarchies have dispensed with them altogether, pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
