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‘Abdu’l-Hamid II
Abdulhamid II or Abdul Hamid II (; ; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a period of decline with rebellions (particularly in the Balkans), and presided over an unsuccessful war with the Russian Empire (1877–78), the loss of Egypt, Cyprus, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Tunisia, and Thessaly from Ottoman control (1877–1882), followed by a successful war against Greece in 1897, though Ottoman gains were tempered by subsequent Western European intervention. Elevated to power in the wake of Young Ottoman coups, he promulgated the Ottoman Empire's first constitution, a sign of the progressive thinking that marked his early rule. But his enthronement came in the context of the Great Eastern Crisis, which began with the Empire's default on its loans, uprisings by Christian Balkan minorities, and a war with the Russian Empire. At t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Custodian Of The Two Holy Mosques
His Majesty the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques (abbreviated as CTHM; ), or Protector of the Two Holy Cities, is a Royal and noble styles, royal style that has been used officially by the King of Saudi Arabia, monarchs of Saudi Arabia since 1986. The title has historically been used by many Muslim rulers in the past, including the Ayyubid dynasty, Ayyubids, the Mamluk Sultanate, Mamluks, the List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Ottomans and the Sharifate of Mecca, Sharifain rulers of Hejaz. The title was sometimes regarded to denote the ''de facto'' Caliph of Islam, but it mainly refers to the ruler taking the responsibility of guarding and maintaining the two Holiest sites in Islam, holiest mosques in Islam: Masjid al-Haram, Al-Haram Mosque (, 'The Sacred Mosque') in Mecca and the Prophet's Mosque () in Medina, both of which are in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia. The Custodian has been named the most powerful and influential person in Islam and the Sunni branch of Islam by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Cevad Pasha
Ahmed Cevad Pasha (, ; 1851 – 10 August 1900) was an Ottoman Turkish career officer and statesman. He served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire The grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire ( or ''Sadr-ı Azam'' (''Sadrazam''); Ottoman Turkish language, Ottoman Turkish: or ) was the ''de facto'' prime minister of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, sultan in the Ottoman Empire, with the absolute p ... from September 4, 1891, to June 8, 1895. He was of Turk origin. He was the uncle of Turkish writer Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı and the painters Aliye Berger and Fahrelnissa Zeid. References 1851 births 1900 deaths 19th-century grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire Ottoman governors of Crete Turks from the Ottoman Empire {{Ottoman-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nurefsun Kadın
Ayşe Safinaz Nurefsun Kadın (; "''womanly''", "''the pure one''" and "''light charm''"; 1850 – 1915), called also Nurefzun Kadın, was the second consort of Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire. Early life Safinaz Nurefsun Kadın was born in 1850. Her real name was Ayşe Hanım. Her father was Şermet Selim Bey, who died while fighting the Russians. She had a elder sister, Yıldız Hanim, last consort of Ottoman Sultan Abdülmejid I. She had been a servant in the household of Isma'il Pasha, the khedive of Egypt, who presented her to Sultan Abdulaziz. She had blonde hair, fair skin, and blue eyes, and was described a beautiful woman. She was fond of playing the violin. Marriages Nurefsun married Abdul Hamid as his second consort when he was a prince. When her sister Yıldız Hanım married Abdülmejid I, Ayşe was sent to the household of Şehzade Abdülaziz (the future Sultan Abdülaziz), where she took the name Safinaz. According to Harun Açba, Abdülaziz wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazikeda Kadın (consort Of Abdul Hamid II)
Nazikeda Kadın (; ; born Mediha Tsanba; 1848 – 11 April 1895; meaning 'One of delicate manners') was the first consort and chief consort ( BaÅŸKadin) of Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire. Early life Nazikeda Kadın was born in 1848 in Abkhazia. Born as Mediha Tsanba, she was an Abkhazian princess. Her father was the prince Arzakan Bey, chief of the Tsanba family, and her mother was Esma Hanim of the Klıç family. She had a brother named Kazım Pasha. She had been brought to Istanbul as a young child, where her father entrusted her to the household of the wife of Grand Vizier Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha. Here her name according to Ottoman custom was changed to Nazikeda. She then learned the court protocol, and to play the piano. In 1858, aged ten, when Cemile Sultan, the daughter of Sultan Abdulmejid I, married Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha, the son of Fethi Ahmed Pasha, the groom's mother took Nazikeda, and presented her to Cemile. Pleased by the well-bred manners o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatih, Istanbul
Fatih () is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Istanbul Province, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 15 km2, and its population is 368,227 (2022). It is home to almost all of the provincial authorities (including the mayor's office, police headquarters, metropolitan municipality and tax office) but not the courthouse. It encompasses the Historic Areas of Istanbul, historical peninsula, coinciding with old Constantinople. In 2009, the district of Eminönü, which had been a separate municipality located at the tip of the peninsula, was once again remerged into Fatih because of its small population. Fatih is bordered by the Golden Horn to the north and the Sea of Marmara to the south, while the Western border is demarked by the Walls of Constantinople, Theodosian wall and the east by the Bosphorus Strait. History Byzantine era Historic Byzantine districts encompassed by present-day Fatih include: ''Exokiónion'', ''Aurelianae'', ''Xerólophos'', ''El ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beylerbeyi Palace
The Beylerbeyi Palace () is a 19th-century Ottoman palace located in the Beylerbeyi neighborhood of Istanbul’s Üsküdar district, on the Asian shore of the Bosporus. Commissioned by Sultan Abdulaziz and completed between 1861 and 1865, the palace served as a summer residence and a place to host foreign dignitaries. Its design combines European architectural influences, particularly Neo-Baroque, with traditional Ottoman interior decoration. Today, it functions as a museum open to the public. History Beylerbeyi Palace was commissioned by Sultan Abdülaziz (1830–1876) and constructed between 1861 and 1865 to serve as a summer residence and a venue for hosting visiting heads of state. Empress Eugénie of France visited Beylerbeyi on her way to the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Empress Eugénie of France was so delighted by the elegance of the palace that she had a copy of the window in the guest room made for her bedroom in Tuileries Palace, in Paris. The palace also wel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a Anatolian beyliks, ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors Ottoman wars in Europe, conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II. With its capital at History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantinople
Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empires between its consecration in 330 until 1930, when it was renamed to Istanbul. Initially as New Rome, Constantinople was founded in 324 during the reign of Constantine the Great on the site of the existing settlement of Byzantium, and shortly thereafter in 330 became the capital of the Roman Empire. Following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the late 5th century, Constantinople remained the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire; 330–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). Following the Turkish War of Independence, the Turkish capital then moved to Ankara. Although the city had been known as Istanbul since 1453, it was officially renamed as Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topkapı Palace
The Topkapı Palace (; ), or the Seraglio, is a large museum and library in the east of the Fatih List of districts of Istanbul, district of Istanbul in Turkey. From the 1460s to the completion of Dolmabahçe Palace in 1856, it served as the administrative center of the Ottoman Empire, and was the main residence of its sultans. Construction, ordered by the Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, began in 1459, six years after the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople. Topkapı was originally called the "New Palace" ( or ) to distinguish it from the Eski Saray, Old Palace ( or ) in Beyazıt Square. It was given the name , meaning Cannon Gate, in the 19th century. The complex expanded over the centuries, with major renovations after the 1509 Constantinople earthquake, 1509 earthquake and the 1665 fire. The palace complex consists of four main courtyards and many smaller buildings. Female members of the Sultan's family lived in the harem, and leading state officials, including th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed V
Mehmed V Reşâd (; or ; 2 November 1844 – 3 July 1918) was the penultimate List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1909 to 1918. Mehmed V reigned as a Constitutional monarchy, constitutional monarch. He had little influence over government affairs and the Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman constitution was held with little regard by his Ministry (government department), ministries. The first half of his reign was marked by increasingly polarizing politics, and the second half by war and domination of the Committee of Union and Progress and the Three Pashas. Reşad was the son of Sultan Abdülmecid I. He succeeded his half-brother Abdul Hamid II after the 31 March Incident. Coming to power in the aftermath of the failed coup attempt, his nine-year reign featured three coups d'etat, four wars, eleven governments, and numerous uprisings. The Italo-Turkish War saw the cession of the Empire's North African territories and the Dodecanese I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Viziers
Grand vizier (; ; ) was the title of the effective head of government of many sovereign states in the Islamic world. It was first held by officials in the later Abbasid Caliphate. It was then held in the Ottoman Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Sokoto Caliphate, the Safavid Empire and Cherifian Empire of Morocco. In the Ottoman Empire, the grand vizier held the imperial seal and could convene all other viziers to attend to affairs of the state; the viziers in conference were called "''Kubbealtı'' viziers" in reference to their meeting place, the ''Kubbealtı'' ('under the dome') in Topkapı Palace. His offices were located at the Sublime Porte. Today, the Prime Minister of Pakistan is referred to in Urdu as ''Wazir-e-azam'', which translates literally to grand vizier. Initially, the grand viziers were exclusively of Turk origin in the Ottoman Empire. However, after there were troubles between the Turkish grand vizier Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger and Sultan Mehmed II (who had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (; 11 February 1843 – 8 October 1936), later Ahmet Tevfik Okday after the Turkish Surname Law of 1934, was an Ottoman diplomat and statesman of Crimean Tatar origin. He was the last grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire.İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971 (Turkish) Tevfik Pasha had the misfortune of his terms as Grand Vizier coinciding with disastrous moments in late Ottoman history; his first term with the deposition of Abdul Hamid II, the second term with the occupation of Istanbul after World War I, and the third term with the abolition of the Sultanate. In addition to serving as Grand Vizier, Ahmet Tevfik was also a diplomat, a member of the Ottoman Senate, and long time Minister of Foreign Affairs. Early life Ahmet Tevfik was born on 11 February 1845 in Üsküdar, Istanbul. His father, Ferik Ismail Hakkı Pasha, was a Crimean Tatar descended from the Giray dynasty.Kalyoncu, Cemal A. "Son Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
