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х̾
Kha with vertical tilde (Х̾ х̾) is an additional Cyrillic letter used in the 19th century in the writing of the Polish language. It is composed of the letter Kha with a vertical tilde. Usage Kha with vertical tilde was used in the writing of the Polish language, after the January Uprising and the ban on Latin letters in official documents from 1864 to 1904. The adaptation of the civil script used kha with vertical tilde as an equivalent to the Latin letter H. Computing codes Kha with vertical tilde can be represented with the following Unicode characters (Cyrillic, Combining Diacritical Marks) : See also * Tilde vertical * Cyrillic script The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic languages, Slavic, Turkic languages, Turkic, Mongolic languages, Mongolic, Uralic languages, Uralic, C ... * Kha References Bibliography * * * * {{Cyrillic navbox Cyri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertical Tilde
The tilde (, also ) is a grapheme or with a number of uses. The name of the character came into English language, English from Spanish language, Spanish , which in turn came from the Latin , meaning 'title' or 'superscription'. Its primary use is as a diacritic (accent) in combination with a base letter. Its freestanding form is used in modern texts mainly to indicate approximation. History Use by medieval scribes The tilde was originally one of a variety of marks written over an omitted letter or several letters as a scribal abbreviation (a "mark of contraction"). Thus, the commonly used words ''Anno Domini'' were frequently abbreviated to ''Ao Dñi'', with an elevated terminal with a contraction mark placed over the "n". Such a mark could denote the omission of one letter or several letters. This saved on the expense of the scribe's labor and the cost of vellum and ink. Medieval European charters written in Latin are largely made up of such abbreviated words with contracti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrillic
The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia, and used by many other minority languages. , around 250 million people in Eurasia use Cyrillic as the official script for their national languages, with Russia accounting for about half of them. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the European Union, following the Latin and Greek alphabets. The Early Cyrillic alphabet was developed during the 9th century AD at the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Tsar Simeon I the Great, probably by the disciples of the two Byzantine brothers Cyril and Methodius, who had previously created the Gl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphabet
An alphabet is a standard set of letter (alphabet), letters written to represent particular sounds in a spoken language. Specifically, letters largely correspond to phonemes as the smallest sound segments that can distinguish one word from another in a given language. Not all writing systems represent language in this way: a syllabary assigns symbols to spoken syllables, while logographies assign symbols to words, morphemes, or other semantic units. The first letters were invented in Ancient Egypt to serve as an aid in writing Egyptian hieroglyphs; these are referred to as Egyptian uniliteral signs by lexicographers. This system was used until the 5th century AD, and fundamentally differed by adding pronunciation hints to existing hieroglyphs that had previously carried no pronunciation information. Later on, these phonemic symbols also became used to transcribe foreign words. The first fully phonemic script was the Proto-Sinaitic script, also descending from Egyptian hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chi (letter)
Chi ( , also ; uppercase Χ, lowercase χ; ) is the twenty-second letter of the Greek alphabet. Greek Pronunciation Ancient Greek Its value in Ancient Greek was an aspirated voiceless velar plosive, velar stop (in the Western Greek alphabet: /ks/). Koine Greek In Koine Greek and later dialects it became a Fricative consonant, fricative (/) along with Theta (letter), Θ and Phi (letter), Φ. Modern Greek In Modern Greek, it has two distinct pronunciations: In front of close vowel, high or front vowels ( or ) it is pronounced as a voiceless palatal fricative , as in Standard German phonology#Ich-Laut and ach-Laut, German ''ich'' or like English phonology#Consonants, some pronunciations of "h" in English words like ''hew'' and ''human''. In front of open vowel, low or back vowels (, or ) and consonants, it is pronounced as a voiceless velar fricative (), as in German ''ach'' or Spanish phonology#Consonants, Spanish ''j''. This distinction corresponds to the ich-Laut and ach- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Language
Polish (, , or simply , ) is a West Slavic languages, West Slavic language of the Lechitic languages, Lechitic subgroup, within the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, and is written in the Latin script. It is primarily spoken in Poland and serves as the official language of the country, as well as the language of the Polish diaspora around the world. In 2024, there were over 39.7 million Polish native speakers. It ranks as the sixth-most-spoken among languages of the European Union. Polish is subdivided into regional Dialects of Polish, dialects. It maintains strict T–V distinction pronouns, Honorifics (linguistics), honorifics, and various forms of formalities when addressing individuals. The traditional 32-letter Polish alphabet has nine additions (, , , , , , , , ) to the letters of the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet, while removing three (x, q, v). Those three letters are at times included in an extended 35-letter alphabet. The traditional set compri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kha (Cyrillic)
Kha, Khe, Xe or Ha (Х х; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It Homoglyph, looks the same as the X, Latin letter X (X x ''X x''), in both uppercase and lowercase, both roman and italic forms, and was derived from the Greek alphabet, Greek letter Chi (letter), Chi, which also bears a resemblance to both the Latin X and Kha. It commonly represents the voiceless velar fricative , similar to how some Scottish English, Scottish speakers pronounce the in “loch”, but has different pronunciations in different languages. Kha is romanised as for Russian, Ukrainian, Mongolian, and Tajik, and as for Belarusian and Polish, while being romanised as for Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Kazakh. It is also romanised as for Spanish language, Spanish. History The Cyrillic letter Kha was derived from the Chi (letter), Greek letter Chi (Χ χ). The name of Kha in the Early Cyrillic alphabet was (''xěrŭ''). In the Cyrillic numerals, Cy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrillic Script
The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic languages, Slavic, Turkic languages, Turkic, Mongolic languages, Mongolic, Uralic languages, Uralic, Caucasian languages, Caucasian and Iranian languages, Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia, and used by many other minority languages. , around 250 million people in Eurasia use Cyrillic as the official script for their national languages, with Russia accounting for about half of them. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the Languages of the European Union#Writing systems, European Union, following the Latin script, Latin and Greek alphabet, Greek alphabets. The Early Cyrillic alphabet was developed during the 9th century AD at the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Letter (alphabet)
In a writing system, a letter is a grapheme that generally corresponds to a phoneme—the smallest functional unit of speech—though there is rarely total one-to-one correspondence between the two. An alphabet is a writing system that uses letters. Definition and usage A letter is a type of grapheme, the smallest functional unit within a writing system. Letters are graphemes that broadly correspond to phonemes, the smallest functional units of sound in speech. Similarly to how phonemes are combined to form spoken words, letters may be combined to form written words. A single phoneme may also be represented by multiple letters in sequence, collectively called a ''multigraph (orthography), multigraph''. Multigraphs include ''digraphs'' of two letters (e.g. English ''ch'', ''sh'', ''th''), and ''trigraphs'' of three letters (e.g. English ''tch''). The same letterform may be used in different alphabets while representing different phonemic categories. The Latin H, Greek eta , an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January Uprising
The January Uprising was an insurrection principally in Russia's Kingdom of Poland that was aimed at putting an end to Russian occupation of part of Poland and regaining independence. It began on 22 January 1863 and continued until the last insurgents were captured by the Russian forces in 1864. It was the longest-lasting insurgency in partitioned Poland. The conflict engaged all levels of society and arguably had profound repercussions on contemporary international relations and ultimately transformed Polish society. A confluence of factors rendered the uprising inevitable in early 1863. The Polish nobility and urban bourgeois circles longed for the semi-autonomous status they had enjoyed in Congress Poland before the previous insurgency, a generation earlier in 1830, and youth encouraged by the success of the Italian independence movement urgently desired the same outcome. Russia had been weakened by its Crimean adventure and had introduced a more liberal attitude in its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrillic Transcriptions Of Polish
There are several language-specific systems for transcribing the Polish language into the Cyrillic script. Russian Cyrillic The system of the Cyrillization of Polish proper names, as employed in today's Russia, emerged during the 1970s in the post-war Soviet Union. It is a form of orthographic transcription. Another form of Russian-based Polish Cyrillic has been in use since the early 1990s, in Polish-language religious books produced for Catholics in western Belarus (i.e. Grodno Diocese). Tomasz Kamusella
Tomasz Kamusella (born 24 December 1967) is a Polish scholar pursuing interdiscipli ...
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Civil Script
Russian orthography has been reformed officially and unofficially by changing the Russian alphabet over the course of the history of the Russian language. Several important reforms happened in the 18th–20th centuries. Early changes Old East Slavic adopted the Cyrillic script, approximately during the 10th century and at about the same time as the introduction of Eastern Christianity into the territories inhabited by the Eastern Slavs. No distinction was drawn between the vernacular language and the liturgical, though the latter was based on South Slavic rather than Eastern Slavic norms. As the language evolved, several letters, notably the '' yuses'' (Ѫ, Ѭ, Ѧ, Ѩ) were gradually and unsystematically discarded from both secular and church usage over the next centuries. The emergence of the centralized Russian state in the 15th and 16th centuries, the consequent rise of the state bureaucracy along with the development of the common economic, political and cultural space n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
